考研考博-英語-南寧學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

IndescribingtheIndiansofthevarioussectionsoftheUnitedStatesatdifferentstagesintheirhistory,someofthefactorswhichaccountfortheirsimilarityamiddifferencecanbereadilyaccountedfor,othersaredifficultto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refine

B.discern

C.embed

D.cluster

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)refine“精煉；改善”；B選項(xiàng)discern“覺察出；識別”；C選項(xiàng)embed“栽種；使嵌入”；D選項(xiàng)cluster“使聚集”。句意：在描述不同歷史階段美國不同地區(qū)的印第安人時(shí)，一些說明印第安人差異中的相似處的因素可以很容易地加以說明，另一些就難以……。由此可知，我們需要找出的是accountfor的同義詞，選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)意義接近，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)ifonly“如果”；B選項(xiàng)until“直到……才”；C選項(xiàng)incase“萬一”；D選項(xiàng)unless“除非”。根據(jù)從句意思“只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意為：我相信只要他用心，他是能勝任這份工作的。故正確答案選A。

3.單選題

Hundredsoflocalresidentssigneda（）againstclosingtheswimming-pool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.petition

B.perceive

C.partition

D.participation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：數(shù)百名當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈炇鹆艘环莘磳﹃P(guān)閉游泳池的請?jiān)笗?。因此選A。

4.單選題

Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalsosomehowuntrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythisfeelingthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orfortheartsingeneral.

Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbegroundedinaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthissoughtthroughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonlyworthwhile;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.

Thestudyandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyone;alltheartsandsciencesaresuchapproaches.Allhavetheirplaces;allaregood;andeachtouchestheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,afflictedbymentalarteriosclerosis,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionareattributedentirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.IsPepys’Diary(aliterarywork)historyorsociologyorliterature?Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistoriansfoundthatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabin,TenNightsinaBarRoomandTheCrisis(allliteraryworks)havethemselveshelpedtomakehistory.

Evenatthemoment,whenscientificinvestigationbecomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsandepisodes,itisbecomingclearertothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenatatimewhentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthisbrethrenwhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblem,thelaymanisfarenoughremovedfromallthisspecializationtoseethewhole,possiblyevenmoreclearlythandothespecialists.Betweenhistory,biography,theartsandsciences,andevenjournalism,whocoulddrawairtightdistinctions?Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistory,andmayitnotbecomeliterature?

1.TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.

2.Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas____.

3.Whoismostlikelytorecognizetheunderlyingunityofdiversefacts?

4.Whatismostnecessaryinaperiodofgreatspecialization?

5.Themainintentofthisarticleseemstobethe____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anignoranceofscience

B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavors

C.disregardofintellectualendeavors

D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappiness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beingstrictlysociological

B.havingdistinctiveliteraryvalues

C.havingonlyonehistoricalimplication

D.havingmultipleimplications

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theintellectual.

B.Thehistorian.

C.Thescientist.

D.Thelayman.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Seeinghowpartsformawhole.

B.Seeingthewholeasaresultofitsparts.

C.Absoluteconcentrationonminutedetails.

D.Journalisticaccounts.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.classificationofcertainliteraryworks

B.dissolutionofstrictclassification

C.formationofanewnomenclature

D.appraisalandclassificationofhistory

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.作者認(rèn)為二十世紀(jì)類似于黑暗時(shí)代是因?yàn)開___。

A.anignoranceofscienceA.對科學(xué)的無知

B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavorsB.對智力活動的欣賞

C.disregardofintellectualendeavorsC.對智力活動的漠視

D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappinessD.一心一意追求幸福

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAges定位到原文第一段第一句，該句提到“在二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了一種明顯的反智主義（就像它之前出現(xiàn)的那樣，在我們喜歡稱之為黑暗的時(shí)代），認(rèn)為各類研究和文學(xué)（studiesandliterature）不僅是徒勞的，而且在某種程度上不值得信任?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為二十世紀(jì)類似于黑暗時(shí)代，是因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)時(shí)代都出現(xiàn)了一種反智主義，認(rèn)為各類研究和文學(xué)都是無用的、不值得信任的。各類研究和文學(xué)都屬于智力活動，因此，C選項(xiàng)“對智力活動的漠視”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對科學(xué)的無知”，不僅僅是科學(xué)，還有文學(xué)藝術(shù)，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“對智力活動的欣賞”，與原文表達(dá)的意思相反，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“一心一意追求幸?！?，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas____.《皮普斯日記》應(yīng)該被視為____。

A.beingstrictlysociologicalA.嚴(yán)格地屬于社會學(xué)

B.havingdistinctiveliteraryvaluesB.具有獨(dú)特的文學(xué)價(jià)值

C.havingonlyonehistoricalimplicationC.只有一個(gè)歷史意義

D.havingmultipleimplicationsD.有多種意義

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Pepys’Diary定位到原文第三段第六句。該句提到“《皮普斯日記》（文學(xué)作品）是歷史、社會學(xué)還是文學(xué)？”該段第三句提到“他們各有各的位置；都好；彼此接觸（eachtouchestheother）。它們不是密閉艙（notairtightcompartments）?！币虼丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為不同的領(lǐng)域不是封閉，而是彼此接觸，存在重疊的部分。后文中關(guān)于《皮普斯日記》的提問，說明作者是想表達(dá)《皮普斯日記》并不是單純的文學(xué)作品，它也有歷史的和社會學(xué)的價(jià)值。因此，D選項(xiàng)“有多種意義”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)格地屬于社會學(xué)”，只提到了一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“具有獨(dú)特的文學(xué)價(jià)值”，只提到了一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“只有一個(gè)歷史意義”，只提到了一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，屬于以偏概全。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whoismostlikelytorecognizetheunderlyingunityofdiversefacts?誰最有可能認(rèn)識到不同事實(shí)的內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性？

A.Theintellectual.A.知識分子。

B.Thehistorian.B.歷史學(xué)家。

C.Thescientist.C.科學(xué)家。

D.Thelayman.D.外行人。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞underlyingunityofdiversefacts定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“外行人（thelayman）越來越清楚，所有這些都是一個(gè)整體的一部分（allthisispartofonewhole）?！北径蔚诙涮岬健巴庑腥丝梢赃h(yuǎn)離所有這些專業(yè)化的東西，看到整體（toseethewhole），甚至可能比專家們看得更清楚?！庇纱丝芍?，D選項(xiàng)“外行人”最有可能認(rèn)識到不同事實(shí)的內(nèi)在統(tǒng)一性。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“知識分子”、B選項(xiàng)“歷史學(xué)家”、C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家”都是專業(yè)化人才，根據(jù)原文，可能沒有門外漢看得清，屬于曲解原文。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatismostnecessaryinaperiodofgreatspecialization?在一個(gè)高度專業(yè)化的時(shí)期，什么是最必要的？

A.Seeinghowpartsformawhole.A.認(rèn)識到部分是如何構(gòu)成整體的。

B.Seeingthewholeasaresultofitsparts.B.把整體看作局部的結(jié)果。

C.Absoluteconcentrationonminutedetails.C.十分專注于細(xì)微的細(xì)節(jié)。

D.Journalisticaccounts.D.新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞greatspecialization定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“即使在科學(xué)調(diào)查變得越來越專業(yè)化、歷史學(xué)家越來越專注于歷史時(shí)期和歷史事件的時(shí)候，外行人也越來越清楚地認(rèn)識到，所有這些都是一個(gè)整體的一部分（allthisispartofonewhole）?！庇纱丝芍恼聫?qiáng)調(diào)要有整體觀。本段倒數(shù)第三句提到“在歷史、傳記、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)，甚至是新聞業(yè)之間，誰能做出完美的區(qū)分（drawairtightdistinctions）呢”最后一句提到“難道昨天的報(bào)紙不是歷史，難道它不會成為文學(xué)嗎？”由此可知，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)不需要太過專業(yè)化的區(qū)分，有些東西既是這個(gè)，也可能是那個(gè)。因此，B選項(xiàng)“把整體看作局部的結(jié)果”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)識到部分是如何構(gòu)成整體的”，原文雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的重要性，但是并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)部分構(gòu)成整體的方式，該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度；

C選項(xiàng)“十分專注于細(xì)微的細(xì)節(jié)”，與原文表達(dá)的意義相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Themainintentofthisarticleseemstobethe____.這篇文章的主要目的或許是____。

A.classificationofcertainliteraryworksA.某些文學(xué)作品的分類

B.dissolutionofstrictclassificationB.解除嚴(yán)格分類

C.formationofanewnomenclatureC.新命名法的形成

D.appraisalandclassificationofhistoryD.歷史的評價(jià)和分類

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問的是作者寫本文的主要目的。原文第一段主要內(nèi)容，二十世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)了不相信研究和文學(xué)的反智主義；第二段主要內(nèi)容，對真理的追求是文明的基石；第三段主要內(nèi)容，無論是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)，研究和閱讀歷史，都是通往真理的途徑，因?yàn)槲膶W(xué)和藝術(shù)有助于創(chuàng)造歷史；第四段主要內(nèi)容，要有整體觀，歷史、傳記、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)，甚至是新聞業(yè)之間，無法做出完美的區(qū)分。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)“解除嚴(yán)格分類”更符合原文的寫作目的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“某些文學(xué)作品的分類”，“文學(xué)作品”只是文章提到的部分內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“新命名法的形成”，原文沒有提到“新的命名法”，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“歷史的評價(jià)和分類”，“歷史”只是文章的部分內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

5.單選題

Aneighteenth-centurytravelertoAnnapolisreportedonthesplendorofthissoutherncity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnificence

B.corruption

C.dimensions

D.provincialism

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。橫線單詞splendor意為“光彩；壯麗；顯赫”；A選項(xiàng)“magnificence”意為“壯麗；宏偉；富麗堂皇”；B選項(xiàng)“corruption”意為“貪污，腐敗；墮落”；C選項(xiàng)“dimensions”意為“規(guī)模，大小；尺寸規(guī)格”；D選項(xiàng)“provincialism”意為“方言；地方風(fēng)格；鄉(xiāng)下習(xí)氣”。句意：一位18世紀(jì)去過安納波利斯的旅行者報(bào)道了這座南方城市的輝煌壯麗。由題干可知，Annapolis（安納波利斯，是美國馬里蘭州的首府和港口，是一座歷史名城），所以可以推測出splendor在此處最可能是“壯麗”的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中magnificence具有“壯麗宏偉”的意思，與此相近。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Wateristhegiverand,atthesametime,thetakeroflife.Itcoversmostofthesurfaceoftheplanetweliveonandfeatureslargeinthedevelopmentofthehumanrace.Onpresentpredictions,itisancementthatissettoassumeevengreatersignificance.

Throughouthistory,waterhashadahugeimpactonourlives.Humankindhasalwayshadaratherambiguousrelationshipwithwater,ontheonehandreceivingenormousbenefitfromit,notjustasadrinkingsource,butasaprovideroffoodandameanswherebytotravelandtotrade.Butforcedtoliveclosetowaterinordertosurviveandtodevelop,therelationshiphasnotalwaysbeenpeacefulorbeneficial.Infact,ithasbeenquitethecontrary.Whathasessentiallybeenanecessityforsurvivalwasturnedoutinmanyinstancestohaveaverydestructiveandlife-threateningside.

Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefightforsurvival.Thedramaticchangestotheenvironmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenotexactlynew:fieldsthatwereoncelushandfertilearenowbarren;lakesandriversthatwereonceteemingwithlifearenowlonggone;savannahhasbeenturnedtodesert.Whatperhapsisnewisournativewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.

Today,wearemoreawareofclimaticchangesaroundtheworld.Floodsinfar-flungplacesareinstantnewsforthewholeworld.Perhapstheseeventsmakeusfeelbetteraswefacethedestructionofourownpropertybyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.

In2002,manypartsofEuropesufferedsevereflooddamagerunningintobillionsofeuros.Propertiesacrossthecontinentcollapsedintotheseaaswavespoundedthecoastlinewreakinghavocwithseadefenses.Butitwasnotjusttheseas.Riversswollenbyheavyrainsandbytheeffectsofdeforestationcarriedlargevolumesofwaterthatwreckedmanycommunities.

Buildingstrongerandmoresophisticatedriverdefensesagainstfloodingistheexpensiveshort-termanswer.Therearesimplerways.Plantingtreesinhighlandareas,notjustinEuropebutinplacesliketheGangesDelta,isacheaperandmoreattractivesolution.Progressisalreadybeingmadeinconvincingcountriesthattheemissionofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesiscausingconsiderabledamagetotheenvironment.Butmoreeffortisneededinthisdirection.

Andthefuture?Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.Butforagrowingnumberofregionsoftheworldthefutureisalreadywithus.Whilesomeareasaredevastatedbyflooding,scarcityofwaterinmanyotherplacesiscausingconflict.ThestateofTexasintheUnitedStatesofAmericaissufferingashortageofwaterwiththeRioGrandefailingtoreachtheGulfofMexicoforthefirsttimein50yearsinthespringof2002,pittingregionagainstregionastheyvieforwatersources.Withmanypartsofthegloberunningdrythroughdroughtandincreasedwaterconsumption,thereisnowtalkofwaterbeingthenewoil.

Otherdoom-ladenestimatessuggestthat,whiletropicalareaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable,coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaasthepolaricecapsmelt.Popularexoticdestinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Today'sholidayhotspotsofsouthernEuropeandelsewherewillliterallybecomehotspots—toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchdespair.

Somemightsaythatthisdespondencyisill-founded,butwehavehadampleproofthatthereissomethingnotquiterightwiththeclimate.Manypartsoftheworldhaveexperienceddevastatingflooding.Astheseasonsrevolve,thefocusofthedestructionmovesfromonecontinenttoanother.Theimpactontheenvironmentisalarmingandthecosttolifedepressing.Itisapicturetowhichwewillneedtobecomeaccustomed.

1.Thewriterbelievesthatwater（）

2.Humankind'srelationshipwithwaterhasbeen（）

3.Thewritersuggeststhat（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,plantingtrees（）

5.By2025,itisprojectedthat（）

6.Accordingtothepassage,inthefuturelow-lyingislands（）

7.Accordingtothewriter,（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isgraduallybecomingofgreaterimportance

B.willhavelittleimpactonourlivesinfuture

C.issomethingwewillneedmorethananythingelse

D.willhaveevengreaterimportanceinourlivesinfuture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.two-sided

B.one-side

C.purelyoneofgreatbenefit

D.fairlyfrightening

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.weareinaweofthenewswereadandseeonTVeveryday

B.changetotheenvironmentleavesusspeechless

C.weshouldnotbeinaweofthenewswereadandseeonTVeveryday

D.oursurpriseattheenvironmentalchangebroughtaboutbynatureissomethingnew

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hastobecoordinatedinternationally

B.ismoreexpensivethanbuildingseaandriverdefenses

C.isalessexpensiveanswertofloodinginallregions

D.isnotananswertotheproblemoffloodinginallregions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.atleasthalftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

B.one-thirdoftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

C.themajorityoftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

D.freshwaterwillonlybeavailabletohalfoftheworldpopulation

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.willstillbehabitable

B.willnotbeunderwater

C.arelikelytobeunderwater

D.willprobablynotbeunderwater

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.peopledonotneedtogetusedtoenvironmentaldamage

B.peoplewillneedtogetusedtoclimatechangesthatcauseenvironmentaldamage

C.peoplearenowmoreusedtoenvironmentaldamagethantheyhavebeeninthepast

D.thegeneraldespondencyaboutenvironmentalchangesisill-founded

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Onpresentpredictions,itisacementthatissettoassumeevengreatersignificance.”可知選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Humankindhasalwayshadaratherambiguousrelationshipwithwater.”人類與水一直有一種相當(dāng)模糊的關(guān)系，一方面...（積極的），另一方面...（消極的）。所以說是雙面性的，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Whatperhapsisnewisournativewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.”也許當(dāng)我們面對自然的力量時(shí)，我們對此感到驚奇，覺得這是一件新鮮事。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“plantingtrees”定位到第六段第三句“Plantingtrees...isacheaperandmoreattractivesolution.”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“2025”定位到第七段第二句“Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.”到2025年世界人口的三分之二將沒有淡水。選項(xiàng)B世界人口的三分之一擁有淡水，換了一種表達(dá)方法，但符合原文。

第6題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ow-lyingislands”定位到原文第八段首句“...coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbythesea...”沿海地區(qū)和一些低洼島嶼極有可能被海水淹沒。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第7題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“Theimpactontheenvironmentisalarmingandthecosttolifedepressing.Itisapicturetowhichwewillneedtobecomeaccustomed.”環(huán)境影響令人擔(dān)憂，生活需要付出的代價(jià)令人沮喪。這是我們需要習(xí)慣的畫面。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

7.單選題

（）wehadnotmadeanymistakesin

thecalculations!

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Butfor

B.Ifonly

C.Let

D.Without

【答案】B

【解析】句意：要是我們的計(jì)算沒有出錯(cuò)就好了！

Ifonly此處指要是……就好了,表達(dá)愿望。butfor指要不是。

8.單選題

Whowouldhavethoughtwewouldbecomeaplanetof“ologies”？There’sbiology,psychology,herpetology,etymology,andgeologyjusttonameafew.However,one“ology”trulyhelpsustounderstandthemostpartofourplanet,ourenvironment.Ecology(whichisfilledwithecologists)isthestudyofecosystemsandthebeingsandorganismsthatinhabitthoseecosystems.Justthink,inconditionofbees,deerandotherorganisms,youareimportanttoecologists.

Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.Theycanbeassmallasapatchofglassoraslargeastheentirebiosphere.Themanyvarietiesofplantsandanimalsthatexistinourplanetecosystemsareimportanttoourecosystems.Plantsinparticularprovideoxygenandnutrientsallorganismsneedtosurvive.Theseproducershavetheabilitytousethesun’senergytoproducefood(thinkphotosynthesis).Thisiswheretheanimalsandconsumersbecomeimportant.Theanimalsgettheirenergybyeatingtheplantsandotherorganismswithintheecosystem.Withouttheproducersandconsumers,decomposerswouldnothaveajob.Asyoumayhaveguests,decomposers,likebacteria,stepinbrokendown,theorganicmaterialsareabsorbedbythesoilandgasesaresentbackintoouratmosphere.ThewholeprocessisreadytostartagainthroughtheEarth’snaturalcycles.Therehastobeabalanceofproducers,consumers,decomposersinordertoremainabalancedecosystem.

Remember,allorganismsneedmatterandenergytosurvive.Anecosystemisbalancedwhenmatterandenergymoveefficientlythroughthoseecosystems.Justasyourbackpackhasalimitonthenumberofhugetextbooksitcancarryatanygiventime,allecosystemshavealimitonthepopulationstheycanmaintain.Carryingcapacityisthelargestpopulationanecosystemcansupportatanyparticulartime.Thesupportofthispopulationdependsontheamountofresources(matterandenergy)thatareavailableandthemovementofthoseresourceswithinthatecosystem.Ifenergyandmatteraremovingefficientlythroughanecosystem,thenthecurrentpopulationofplantsandanimalshasnotreachedbeyondtheecosystem’scarryingcapacity.Onceresourcesdwindleoranimalpopulationsincreasedramatically,theecosystemmaynotbeabletosupportthosepopulations.Fortunately,naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems:ecologicalresponsestochange,energytransfer,andfoodchainsandfoodwebs.

1.Thepurposeofstartingthearticlewiththeword-ending“ology”(Line1,Paragraph1)is（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,theecosystems（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,theword“producers”(Line3,Paragraph2)refersto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatintheecosystemthejobforthe“decomposer”(Lines6,Paragraph2)isto（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,（）hasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceoftheecosystems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.totracetheoriginof“ology”

B.togiveanexampleforthemeaningof“ology”

C.tointroducetheterm“ecology”

D.toillustratetheimportanceofbalancingtheecosystems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areindangerofbeingdestroyed

B.areverysmallinsize

C.referonlytotheentirebiosphere

D.varygreatlyinsizeandlocation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plants

B.animals

C.ecologists

D.consumers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.absorbthesun’senergy

B.produceoxygenandnutrients

C.breakdownthedungandtheremainsofdeadorgan

D.eattheplantsandanimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.humanbeings

B.theenvironment

C.animalsandplants

D.nature

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，作者之所以用后綴“ology”開始文章，目的在于引出本文的主題：生態(tài)學(xué)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.”生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是大小和位置不同的群體，選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致。

3.詞義推斷題。結(jié)合上下文及句意可知，“producers”即上句提及的“Plants”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“分解者，如細(xì)菌，進(jìn)入分解，有機(jī)物質(zhì)被土壤吸收，氣體被送回我們的大氣層?！边x項(xiàng)C動物的糞便和殘骸均屬于有機(jī)物，所以正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems...”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Inthe1950s,manypeoplebelievedthatthemoretheyproducedandconsumed,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywerethemoreaffluent

B.themoreaffluenttheywere

C.weretheyaffluent

D.theywereaffluent

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在20世紀(jì)50年代，許多人認(rèn)為他們生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)的越多，他們就越富裕。themore...,themore...句型表示“越……，就越……”，排除C，D。該句型中主句應(yīng)把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分themoreaffluent提前，排除A。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbee8nlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslaveryblacksmiths,masons,carpenterswhichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustriestobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

8.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C.Thevolumeofcottonexpo