考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州東華職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州東華職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)escape“逃脫，避免”；B選項(xiàng)peril“危及，置...于險(xiǎn)境”；C選項(xiàng)melt“融化”；D選項(xiàng)vanish“消失，突然不見(jiàn)”。句意：小偷跑進(jìn)人群中，然后從視線中消失不見(jiàn)了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Courageouspeoplethinkquicklyandactwithouthesitation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.delay

B.anxiety

C.complaint

D.consideration

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.delay延遲B.anxiety焦慮

C.complaint抱怨D.consideration考慮

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】本句的對(duì)象是“勇敢的人”，and并列兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)，前后語(yǔ)義應(yīng)一致。前者為“思考迅速（thinkquickly）”，后者為“行動(dòng)沒(méi)有____”。根據(jù)前者“思考迅速”推斷，后者應(yīng)該是行動(dòng)迅速，沒(méi)有遲疑，原詞hesitation“猶豫”，因此，A選項(xiàng)delay“延遲”與原詞最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】勇敢的人思考迅速，行動(dòng)毫不猶豫。

3.單選題

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas（）asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.certainly

B.insignificantly

C.fundamentally

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)certainly“當(dāng)然；必定”；B選項(xiàng)insignificantly“無(wú)關(guān)緊要地”；C選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地，從根本上；基礎(chǔ)地”；D選項(xiàng)comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍薄＞湟猓河?jì)算機(jī)革命可能會(huì)像工業(yè)革命一樣從根本上改變我們的社會(huì)。因此C符合句意。

4.翻譯題

Directions:PleasetranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

中國(guó)家庭十分重視孩子的教育。許多父母認(rèn)為應(yīng)該努力工作，確保孩子受到良好的教育。他們不僅非常情愿為孩子的教育投資，而且花很多時(shí)間督促他們學(xué)習(xí)。多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)希望孩子能上名牌大學(xué)。由于改革開(kāi)放，越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)能送孩子到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)或參加國(guó)際交流項(xiàng)目，讓其拓寬視野。通過(guò)這些努力，他們期望孩子健康成長(zhǎng)，為國(guó)家的發(fā)展和繁榮做出貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】Chinesefamiliesattachgreatimportancetochildren’seducation.Inordertoensuretheirchildrencanbewelleducated,manyparentsbelievethattheyshouldworkhard.Theyarenotonlywillingtoinvestintheirchildren’seducation,butalsospendalotoftimeurgingthemtolearn.Mostparentshopetheirchildrencangotoafamousuniversity.Thankstothereformingandopeningup,moreandmoreparentsareabletosendtheirchildrentostudyabroadorparticipateininternationalexchangeprogramstobroadentheirhorizons.Throughtheseefforts,theyexpecttheirchildrentogrowuphealthilyandmakecontributionstothedevelopmentandprosperityofthecountry.

5.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。innomoodtodosth“沒(méi)心情做某事”。句意：工作一整天之后，他很疲勞以至于他沒(méi)有心情跟我們?nèi)⒓泳蹠?huì)。故B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theriverisalready（

）itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall;andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parallelto

B.levelin

C.flaton

D.flushwith

【答案】D

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:由于降雨過(guò)多，河水己經(jīng)（

）到河床，整座城市有可能受到洪水威脅。parallelto:與…平行;levelin:相等;flaton:平躺;flushwith:與…齊平。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.案例題

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.

HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer（二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國(guó)人）parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy（冷漠）they'veinheritedfromGenerationX（60年代后期和70年代出生的美國(guó)人）.It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.

1.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?

A.Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

B.Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

C.YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

D.YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

2.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?

A.HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.

B.WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

C.WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

D.HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

3.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

A.TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

B.PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

C.Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

D.TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.

4.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?

A.Theirembraceofradicalideas.

B.TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.

C.TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

D.Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

A.Theyarepoliticallyconservative.

B.Theyrejectconventionalvalues.

C.Theydaretotakeupchallenges.

D.Theyareindifferenttopolitics.

【答案】1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“showsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations”可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“seekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters”可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.

根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration.”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.

根據(jù)最后一段ProfessorHenryFlores說(shuō)的話“[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking”可以看出正確答案為C。

5.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“GenerationX”定位到文章最后一段的后半部分“Theresultcouldbe...theimageofapathythey'veinheritedfromGenerationX.”所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Thecitysigneda/an（

）contractwithItalyinordertomakefulluseoftheirnaturalresourcesandcapital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unusual

B.influential

C.residential

D.reciprocal

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)unusual“不尋常的”；B選項(xiàng)influential“有影響的，有勢(shì)力的”；C選項(xiàng)residential“住宅的”；D選項(xiàng)reciprocal“互惠的”。句意：為了充分利用其自然資源和資本，該市與意大利簽訂了互惠合約。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.

Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.

Thebolts（閃電）thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.

Althoughthree-quartersofthebolt’senergyisusedupinheat,enoughremainstodeliverafull125millionvolts（伏特）ofelectricity.Ifithitsatree,theblastinstantlyboilsthesap（樹(shù)液）sostronglythatthetreeexplodes.Lightninghassometimesmadehugeholesinthegroundandcuthugerocksintotwo.

Althoughonehundredlightningboltsshaketheeartheverysecond—that's8millionaday—noonehasfoundawaytouseallthiselectricity.

Lightninghasmanydisadvantages.Itstartsmillionsofforestfiresanddestroyspropertyworthmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Itisthemajorreasonforelectricityfailures.Butitsbiggestthreatistohumanlife.Lightningkillsmanypeoplebystoppingtheirheartorbreathingwithitselectrichammer.

1.Whydidearlymanthinklightningcomefromthegods?

2.Inwhatwaydoesthebolttravel?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage（）.

4.Whycan’twemakeuseoflightning?

5.What'sthetemperatureoftheairheatedbylightning?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehewasfrightened.

B.Becauseitbroughtlight.

C.Becauseitbroughtwatertotheground.

D.Becauseitburstedsuddenlyinthesky.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inalldirections.

B.Fromtheskytotheground.

C.Fromthegroundtothesky.

D.Acrossthesky.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lightningkillslargenumbersofpeopleeveryyear.

B.Lightningisthecauseofmillionsofforestfires.

C.Lightningcausesmillionsofdollars’worthofdamageeveryyear.

D.Lightninghelpstoproducecertainnitrogencompounds.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostoftheenergyfromlightningisconsumedinheatingtheairaroundit.

B.Becausethedurationoflightningistooshort.

C.Becauseitistoodangeroustostoreitsenergy.

D.Becausewehavenotfoundanyefficientwaytocollectitsenergy.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.It’sashotasthesurfaceofthesun.

B.It’shotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

C.It’snotsohotasthesurfaceofthesun.

D.It’ssometimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段首句提及“還有什么比夏天下午的閃電更可怕的呢?”接著后面主要描述閃電是如何讓人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句說(shuō)到“難怪古人認(rèn)為閃電是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人們認(rèn)為閃電來(lái)自于神是由于它讓人感到害怕，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.這是如此之快，以至于我們無(wú)法看到閃電實(shí)際上是從地面飛到云層上的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“閃電有很多缺點(diǎn)。它每年引發(fā)數(shù)百萬(wàn)起森林火災(zāi)，毀壞價(jià)值數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)。它還是電力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威脅是人類的生命。閃電通過(guò)電錘使人的心臟停止跳動(dòng)或呼吸停止，許多人因此喪命?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)D不是文章中的觀點(diǎn)，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“盡管每秒鐘有一百個(gè)閃電震動(dòng)地球，也就是一天八百萬(wàn)次，但是沒(méi)有人找到使用所有這些電能的方法?！币簿褪菦](méi)有有效的辦法收集電能，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.在那一瞬間，電流將周圍的空氣加熱到太陽(yáng)表面溫度的五倍?！币簿褪潜忍?yáng)表面的溫度還要高，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcert（

）itmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asif

B.evenif

C.provided

D.whatever

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。asif“好像”；evenif“即使，盡管”；provided“假如，倘若”；whatever“無(wú)論什么”。句意：即使要排一整晚的隊(duì)，羅德也決心要買到演唱會(huì)的票。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷是讓步關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)符合，答案B

11.單選題

Althoughtherewasalotmoretosay,Stephen（）fromfurtherquestions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.strained

B.refrained

C.resisted

D.retreated

【答案】D

【解析】詞義辨析題。strained拉緊；refrained節(jié)制,

克制；resist抵抗,

一般與介詞to搭配；retreated避開(kāi),

撤退。句意：盡管還有很多可以說(shuō)的,

但斯蒂芬沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步回答更多的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.填空題

ConcernsaboutresearchethicswerefurtherheightedbyaresearchprojectcalledtheTuskegeeStudy,

sponsoredbytheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServicetoassesstheclinicalcourseofsyphilis.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Aheighted改為heightened

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

【解題思路】此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，指的是人們對(duì)研究倫理的擔(dān)憂進(jìn)一步被加劇，應(yīng)該用heighten的過(guò)去分詞heightened。

【句意】一個(gè)名為“塔斯基吉研究”的研究項(xiàng)目進(jìn)一步加劇了人們對(duì)研究倫理的擔(dān)憂，該研究項(xiàng)目由美國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生局資助，旨在評(píng)估梅毒的臨床病程。

13.問(wèn)答題

Foranybusiness,thecostoftransportationisnormallythelargestsin?gleitemintheoverallcostofphysicaldistribution.Itdoesn’tnecessarily

follow,though,thatamanufacturershouldsimplypickupthecheapesta-101.

vailableformoftransportation.Manycompaniestodayusethetotalphysic-

caldistributionconcept,anapproachinvolvesmaximizingtheefficiencyof102.

physicaldistributionactivitieswhileminimizingtheircost.Often,this

meanthatthecompanywillmakecosttradeoffbetweenthevariousphysic-103.

caldistributionactivities.Forinstance,airfreightmaybemuchmoreex?pensivethanrailtransport,soanationalmanufacturermightuseair104.

freighttoshipeverythingfromasinglewarehouseandthusavoidthegreaterexpenseofmaintainingseveralwarehouses.

Whenafirmchoosesatypeoftransportation,ithastobearinmind

itsothermarketingconcern—storage,financing,sales,inventorysize,105.

andthelike.Ifthefirmcansupplyitscustomers’needsquicklyandrelia-106.

blythanitscompetitorsdo,itwillhaveavitaladvantage:soitmaybe

moreprofitableatthelongruntopayhighertransportationcosts,rather107.

thanriskingthelossoffuturesales.Inaddition,speedydeliveryiscrucial108.

insomeindustries.Amail-orderdistributorsendingfruitfromOregonto

Pennsylvanianeedthepromptnessofairfreight.Ontheotherhand,a109.

manufacturershippinglingeriefromNewYorktoMassachusettsmaybeperfectlysatisfiedbyslower(andcheaper)truckorrailtransport.110.

【答案】101.去掉up

102.involves→involving

103.mean→means

104.so→but

105.concern→concerns

106.the→a

107.at→in

108.risking→torisk

109.need→needs

110.by→with

【解析】101.語(yǔ)義題。pick本身就有“挑選”的意思,而picksth.up意為“拿起，舉起，獲得,加速，偶然聽(tīng)到，取回，整理等”。

102.語(yǔ)法分析。考查非謂語(yǔ)。此句為分句,不需要謂語(yǔ),因此動(dòng)詞改成現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

103.語(yǔ)法分析?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處mean作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為this,因此mean應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

104.邏輯關(guān)系。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

105.語(yǔ)法分析?？疾槊~的數(shù)。Concern意為“關(guān)心的事”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞,此處為復(fù)數(shù)故加s。

106.語(yǔ)法分析?？疾楣谠~。這里沒(méi)有特指,所以應(yīng)為不定冠詞a。

107.固定搭配。inthelongrun從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看

108.語(yǔ)義連接。前面是topay,所以此處對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)為torisk。

109.語(yǔ)法分析。動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。need的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)amail-orderdistributor故要加s。

110.固定搭配。besatisfiedwith對(duì)...很滿意。

14.單選題

13.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Intheschool.

B.Atschool.

C.Inthehospital.

D.Tothedorm.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Itseemstobeyoursourceofcomforttopraywhenyouareonyourownatnight.

W:Yes,itis.Idon’tknowwhatIwilldoifIdidn’thavefaith.

M:Iknowit’simportantforyoutobeabletopray.ThatiswhyIneedtofindawayforyoutosayyourprayersandyetbesuretheotherpatientsarenotawakened.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話中提到了patients，由此推斷對(duì)話發(fā)生在醫(yī)院。

15.單選題

Tourismhasalsobeengreatly______therapiddevelopmentofsomedevelopingnations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lainin

B.consistedin

C.responsiblefor

D.accountedfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)layin“儲(chǔ)備，儲(chǔ)存”；B選項(xiàng)consistin“在于，由……組成”；C選項(xiàng)responsiblefor“為……負(fù)責(zé)，是造成……的原因”；D選項(xiàng)accountfor“說(shuō)明（原因、理由等）”，一般用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：旅游業(yè)一直也是一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家的快速發(fā)展的主要原因。

16.單選題

Job-relatedillnessesaregrowinginfrequency.In1985,therewere390,000casesofillnessesthatwerejobrelated,includinglungandbladder（膀胱）cancers,skinailments,emphysema（肺氣腫）,andheartdisease.Therewerealso100,000deaths.Manyoftheseillnessesanddeathsareattributabletochemicallyhazardoussubstances.

Anobviousapproachtoreducingoccupationalillnessesistoridtheworkplaceofthechemicalagentsortoxinsthatarethesourceofmanyoftheproblems.However,sometimesthatisnotfinanciallyfeasibleortechnicallypossible.Analternativeapproachistocapitalizeonthefactthatnotallindividualsareequallysusceptibletohealthhazardsintheworkplace.Forexample,untiltheearly1970swhenstrictsafetystandardswereintroduced,allworkersinshipbuildingplantswereexposedtoexcessivelyhighlevelsofasbestos（石棉）dust,yetonlysomehave,orwilldevelop,respiratoryproblemssuchasasbestosis,lungcancer,andemphysema.

Researchershavebegunonlyacertainportiontoattackthepuzzlingproblemofworkgroupsthatare“hypersusceptible”toparticularchemicalagentsortoxins.Oneapproachistousegeneticinformationasameansofdifferentiatingbetweenthosewhowillandwillnothaveadversereactionstothetoxin.Atpresent,thereareseveralknowngeneticmarkersthatsignalanindividual’spredispositiontodevelopinghealthproblemsinthepresenceofcertainworkingconditions.Forexample,peoplewithapairofgenesdeficientinanenzymecalledG-6-PDaremorelikelythanotherstoexperienceabreakdownofredbloodcellsandconsequentanemia（貧血）whentheyworkwithchemicalscontainedinTNT,ortypesofantimalarialdrugs（抗瘧藥）.

Recentresearchalsosuggeststhatpresenceofadefectivegeneontheeleventhchromosome（染色體）reducesthebody’sabilitytoremoveexcesscholesterol（膽固醇）depositsfromarterywalls（動(dòng)脈壁）,thuspredisposingcarriersofthegenetocoronaryartery（冠狀動(dòng)脈）disease.Presumably,individualswiththisgeneticanomaly（異常）wouldbemorelikelytohaveheartproblemswhenstressfuljobsituationsareencounteredthanthosewithoutit.

Accordingly,geneticscreeningisbasedonthepremisethatindividualshavedifferentgeneticmarkersandsomeofthesedifferencescanbeusedtopredictpredispositiontooccupationaldiseases.Thereissomeevidencethatcertaincompanieshaveusedthegeneticscreeningtocontroltheincidenceofjob-relatedillnesses.Someofthecompaniesalsohadtakenactionasaresultofthetests,includingwarningemployeesaboutpotentialhealthproblems,transferringemployees,suggestingthatemployeesseekotherjobs,usingthedataforreplacementpurposes,orchangingtheproductionprocess.

1.Theauthorstatesinthepassagethatchemicallydangeroussubstancesintheworkplace（）.

2.Theauthorgivesanexampleofworkersinshipbuildingplants（）.

3.Howmanyoccupationaldiseasesarelistedinthispassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whenapersonhasadefectivegeneontheeleventhchromosome,heorsheisattheriskofdeveloping（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havenothingtodowithoccupationalillnesses

B.areresponsibleformanyoccupationalillnesses

C.playaminorroleinbringingaboutsuchoccupationaldiseasesaslungcancerandemphysema

D.usuallygiverisetoskinailments

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toshowthatworkersareusuallysubjecttobadworkingconditions

B.toprovetherewerenosafetystandardsbefore1970

C.towarnworkersagainstrespiratoryproblems

D.toshowthatnotallworkersexposedtochemicallydangeroussubstancesareliabletooccupationalillnesses

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Six

B.Seven

C.Eight

D.Nine

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.coronaryarterydisease

B.pulmonarydisease

C.respiratorydisease

D.bladdercancer

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.howtoreducejob-relateddisease

B.theincidenceofjob-relateddiseases

C.genetictestingandthepreventionofjob-relateddiseases

D.thefunctionsofgeneticmarkers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Manyoftheseillnessesanddeathsareattributabletochemicallyhazardoussubstances.”許多這些工作相關(guān)的疾病和死亡可歸因于化學(xué)危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Analternativeapproachistocapitalizeonthefactthatnotallindividualsareequallysusceptibletohealthhazardsintheworkplace.”另一種方法是利用并非所有人在工作場(chǎng)所同樣容易受到健康危害這一事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，第一段列舉了lungandbladdercancers,skinailments,emphysema,andheartdisease等5種職業(yè)病以及第二段提及的asbestosis，所以一共是6種。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Recentresearchalsosuggeststhatpresenceofadefectivegeneontheeleventhchromosomereducesthebody'sabilitytoremoveexcesscholesteroldepositsfromarterywalls,thuspredisposingcarriersofthegenetocoronaryarterydisease.”選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于基因的測(cè)試研究以及職業(yè)病的預(yù)防。選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

17.填空題

Everytimeapersoneatssomethinghemakesanutritionaldecision.Heacceptsorrejectsthefoodavailabletohimathomeformealsorsnacks.Orheselectsfoodforhimselfatmanyplacesinthecommunity,（1）supermarkets,drive-ins,restaurants,andfoodcountersindrugstores.Theseselectionsmakea（2）inhowanindividuallooks,howhefeels,andhowwellhecanworkandplay.

Whenagoodassortmentoffoodin（3）amountsisselectedandeaten,theconsequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealthandenoughenergyto（4）onetobeasactiveasheneedsandwantstobe.Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable,the（5）arelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth.

StudiesofdietsofindividualsintheUnitedStates（6）thatfoodselectionisahighlyindividualmatter,evenamongyoungchildren.Furthermore,fartoomanyindividualsofallagesaremakingpoorchoicesdayafterdayandareeithernow（7）withtheconsequencesorwillbe（8）thefuture.

Nutritionistsand（9）inalliedprofessionshavebeen（10）abouthelpingpeoplelearntoselectandenjoyawidevarietyoffoodcombinationsthatcan（11）toagooddiet.

Mostpeoplebelievethattheyare（12）—thatthechoicestheymakearegoodones.Afterall,theyarenotreallysick,neitheraretheyhungry.However,theirnutritionisreallypoorinonerespector（13）.Milkandmilkproducts,suchascheese,ice-cream,（14）,andyogurt,areoftenneglected.Thenpeoplemayleaveoutintheirdietsmanyfruitsandvegetables,（15）thosethataregoodsourcesofvitaminsAandC.Theseincludedarkgreenleafyvegetables;deepyellowvegetables;andcitrusfruitsandvegetables,suchascabbages,tomatoes,andgreenpeppers.

【答案】1.suchas

2.difference

3.appropriate

4.allow

5.consequences

6.show

7.living

8.in

9.workers

10.concerned

11.addup

12.well-fed

13.another

14.buttermilk

15.particularly

【解析】1.前文提到“atmanyplacesinthecommunity在社區(qū)的很多地方”，下文出現(xiàn)各種地方如supermarkets,drive-ins“超市、免下車餐廳”等為上文的舉例，故選suchas“例如”。

2.前文提到“人們對(duì)食物的各種選擇”，下文提到“howanindividuallooks…workandplay一個(gè)人的外表……工作和娛樂(lè)”等推斷此處應(yīng)選擇difference，“makeadifference有影響、起作用”整句話的含義為：這些選擇對(duì)一個(gè)人的外表、感覺(jué)以及他工作和娛樂(lè)的能力產(chǎn)生了影響。

3.由下文關(guān)鍵詞“amounts數(shù)量”及句子“theconsequencesaremorelikelytobeadesirablelevelofhealth...結(jié)果是更有可能獲得理想的健康水平”可推斷此處應(yīng)選擇“適量的食物”，故選appropriate“合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)摹薄?/p>

4.前文提到“適量且好的食物選擇更可能讓人健康和有充足的能量”可推斷此處應(yīng)選“允許”，表示“允許人們像他需要和想要的那樣活躍”，故選allow“容許；允許”。

5.前文提到“Whenchoicesarelessthandesirable但食物選擇較不理想時(shí)”，下文“…arelikelytobepoorhealthorlimitedenergyorboth可能不健康或者精力有限，或者兩者皆有”，根據(jù)句意知前后為因果關(guān)系，故此處選consequences“結(jié)果，后果”。

6.由前文關(guān)鍵詞“studies調(diào)查，研究”及下文“that”后的調(diào)查結(jié)果“食物選擇是一個(gè)高度個(gè)性化的問(wèn)題，即使在幼兒中也是如此”可推斷此處選擇show“顯示”符合題意。

7.上文提到“fartoomanyindividualsofallagesaremakingpoorchoicesdayafterday很多各個(gè)年齡階層的個(gè)人每天的食物選擇都很糟糕”及下文關(guān)鍵詞“withtheconsequences帶著這些后果”可推斷此處選“l(fā)iving生活”最符合題意。

8.inthefuture為固定短語(yǔ)“在將來(lái)”，故選“in”。整句話含義為“此外，很多各個(gè)年齡階層的個(gè)人每天的食物選擇都很糟糕，他們要么已經(jīng)生活在這些糟糕選擇所帶來(lái)的后果中，要么將在未來(lái)遭遇這些?！?/p>

9.由空格前表并列關(guān)系的連接詞and“和；與”可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“Nutritionists營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家”同類詞，選項(xiàng)中workers“工人；勞動(dòng)者”最符合題意，故選“workers”。

10.“beconcernedabout關(guān)心”為固定短語(yǔ)，故選concerned“關(guān)心的”。

11.上文提到“awidevarietyoffoodcombinations各種各樣的食物組合”可推斷此處指“合計(jì)或總計(jì)”的意思，故選addup“合計(jì)；總計(jì)”符合題意。整句話的含義為：營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家和相關(guān)專業(yè)的工作人員一直在關(guān)注幫助人們學(xué)會(huì)選擇和享受各種各樣的食物組合，這些食物組合可以構(gòu)成好的飲食。

1