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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides(殺蟲劑)tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry(家食).Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood().

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto().

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood().

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto().

7.Thispassageismainlyabout().

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.canreplacemass-producedfood

D.lacksVitaminC

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Organicmeatandpoultryishardlyavailable

B.Agreatamountofmeatisconsumedeveryyear

C.Mercilesskillingoftheanimalslowerstheirquality

D.Theymaycontainantibioticsandgrowthhormones

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.eattraditionalproduceandmeat

B.returntomass-producedfruits

C.dothecostandavailabilityresearch

D.tryorganicproductforbetterhealthandtaste

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.thebenefitsoforganicfoodinformation

B.thechallengesfacingtheworldfoodindustry

C.changesinfoodproductionpractices

D.agrowingdemandhighqualityfood

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Howfarmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticides.

B.Howtofindorganicproduceinlocalstoresforareasonableprice.

C.Theproductionofmeatandpoultry.

D.Thefutureoforganicproduce.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:你在尋找有機(jī)食品的信息時,你顯然已經(jīng)意識到存在更好的選擇,并且在用批判地眼光看待食品公司的原產(chǎn)原料和生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐,他們?yōu)槭澜缣峁┲Z食供應(yīng)。由此可知,A項(xiàng)“(有機(jī)食品)被認(rèn)為是更好的選擇”正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticidestocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.(了解有機(jī)食品信息背后的基礎(chǔ)是這樣一個事實(shí):農(nóng)民正在使用人工化肥和殺蟲劑來控制病蟲害,以便生產(chǎn)更多的作物,以滿足日益增長的需求),因此C項(xiàng)“獲得更高的作物產(chǎn)量”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.(近年來,食品的質(zhì)量都下降了?,F(xiàn)在水果的維生素C含量遠(yuǎn)不如以前)。因此C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的水果所含的維他命C比以前少”正確。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.(然而,通過了解有機(jī)食品的信息,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有機(jī)食品的營養(yǎng)成分、礦物質(zhì)和維生素比密集農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)出來的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品都要高50%),因此B項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第四段指出:Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.(捫心自問,當(dāng)動物被殺時,所有這些抗生素和激素都去哪兒了,這些殘留的抗生素和生長激素保留在所食用的肉里,然后被消化和儲存在人體內(nèi))。由此可知,D項(xiàng)“它們可能含有抗生素和生長激素”正確。

6.【試題解析】判斷推理題。最后一段大意是:食用有機(jī)食品很有益處,只是價格和購買是個問題。但可以做一些調(diào)查以找到當(dāng)?shù)睾线m的地方購買。因此可看出,作者在最后一段建議人們嘗試食用有機(jī)產(chǎn)品。故選D項(xiàng)“為健康和口感而嘗試有機(jī)產(chǎn)品”。

7.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章大意是:有機(jī)食品信息的目的是讓人們知道食物中含有什么物質(zhì):有機(jī)食品不含化學(xué)肥料和殺蟲劑,所含有的對人體有益成分較高。但近年來食品質(zhì)量下降了??傊?,有機(jī)食品健康口感好,只是價格和購買是個問題。但可以做一些調(diào)查以找到當(dāng)?shù)睾线m的地方購買。因此,A項(xiàng)“有機(jī)食品信息的好處”比較符合文章主旨。

8.【試題解析】判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句提出人們可以做一些調(diào)查而選擇從當(dāng)?shù)貎r格合理的商店購買。由此推測,如果后文還有一段,可能會繼續(xù)闡述這個話題,故選B項(xiàng)“如何在當(dāng)?shù)厣痰暾业絻r格合理的有機(jī)產(chǎn)品”。

2.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinthispart.

【答案】Inthisexcerptfromanovel,theauthortellsthestoryofanewlymarriedcoupleonatraininTexas.Atthebeginning,theauthorgivesadetaileddescriptionofthecouple,whichshowsthattheyarenotrich.Byportrayingtheluxuriousfurnishingsinthetrain,theauthordemonstratestheincompatibilityofthecharacterswiththeirsurroundings.Theauthoralsomentionshowothershavemockedthecouple.Thearticleendswiththecouple'sexperienceinthediningcar,wheretheyfeelstressfulbyanordinarymealservedbyawaiter.Theprotagonist'sexperiencehighlightstheconflictbetweentheoldandthenew,thepoorandtherich.

3.單選題

Thisoldmanhadtroubleexpressingtheattachmenthefeltwhenarrivingathisnativetown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hospitality

B.affection

C.appeal

D.frustration

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。attachment表示“附件,依戀”;A項(xiàng)hospitality“好客,殷勤”,B項(xiàng)affection“喜愛,感情”,C項(xiàng)appeal“呼吁,懇求”,D項(xiàng)frustration“挫折”。句意:這位老人難以表達(dá)他到達(dá)家鄉(xiāng)時的依戀之情。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.influential

B.educated

C.diligent

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.influential有很大影響的B.educated受過教育的

C.diligent孜孜不倦的;勤勉的D.sophisticated見多識廣的;老練的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】literacy表示“讀寫能力”,literate是literacy的形容詞形式,那么literate表示“有讀寫能力的”,即受過教育的,B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近,故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】該國的識字率有所提高,識字人口比例從十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。

5.單選題

A()surgeoncanbeasdangerousasarecruitwithagunhedoesnotknowhowtohandle.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.professional

B.negligent

C.competent

D.mellow

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。professional“專業(yè)的”;negligent“疏忽的,粗心大意的”;competent“能勝任的,有能力的”;mellow“圓潤的;柔和的”。句意:一名粗心外科醫(yī)生的危險(xiǎn)性好比一名不會使用槍的新兵拿著一把槍。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Evensensiblemendo()thingssometimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abrupt

B.absurd

C.acute

D.apt

【答案】B

【解析】abrupt生硬的,唐突的;absurd荒謬的,可笑的;acute嚴(yán)重的,激烈的;apt恰當(dāng)?shù)?,靈敏的。句意:即使明智的人有時也會做荒唐的事。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

7.單選題

(1)weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff(2)ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover(3)spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan(4)strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically(5)withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto(6)theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—(7)theregretsfeltbycollegestudents(8)theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout(9)ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa(10)patterninastudyof(11)businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt(12)guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving(13)onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence(14)fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.(15)yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson(16)necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.(17),theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate(18)tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—(19)overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked(20)ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo(21):buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould(22)themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould(23)themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe(24),thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday(25)tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,(26)thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould(27)frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving(28)afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed(29)said,‘IwishI(30)moretimeattheoffice.’”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

問題21選項(xiàng)

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問題22選項(xiàng)

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

問題23選項(xiàng)

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

問題24選項(xiàng)

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

問題25選項(xiàng)

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

問題26選項(xiàng)

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

問題27選項(xiàng)

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

問題28選項(xiàng)

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

問題29選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

問題30選項(xiàng)

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:B

第21題:D

第22題:A

第23題:B

第24題:A

第25題:C

第26題:D

第27題:C

第28題:A

第29題:D

第30題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”,中文翻譯為:我們都有罪惡的快樂。下文又說“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”,中文翻譯為:我們?nèi)粘5臎Q定通常是由一種根深蒂固的感覺所支配的……可知選項(xiàng)處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折,故A項(xiàng)最符合。

2.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的“near-termregrets近期遺憾”“l(fā)ong-termregrets長期遺憾”以及“overthelongterm長期來看”可知A選項(xiàng)“從長遠(yuǎn)看”正確。

3.【試題解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地;謹(jǐn)慎地”;B選項(xiàng)impulsively“沖動地;有推動力地”;C選項(xiàng)consciously“自覺地;有意識地”;D選項(xiàng)compulsively“強(qiáng)制地,強(qiáng)迫地”。聯(lián)系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻譯為:如果我們重視工作而不是休閑、選擇必需品而不是奢侈品,推斷出空格處選B。

4.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)grow“使生長;種植;擴(kuò)展”;B選項(xiàng)increase“增加”;C選項(xiàng)feed“喂養(yǎng)”;D選項(xiàng)arouse“引起”。根據(jù)語境和句意,后面搭配strongregrets,譯為“強(qiáng)烈的遺憾”可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”,中文大意為:面對于沒有在休息時間工作、學(xué)習(xí)或存錢的遺憾則隨著時間的推移而減少。因此判斷出空格處表示減少的意思,A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)anticipate“預(yù)料,期望”;B選項(xiàng)realize“實(shí)現(xiàn);認(rèn)識到;了解”;C選項(xiàng)abandon“遺棄;放棄”;D選項(xiàng)recall“召回;回想起,記起;取消”。聯(lián)系下文“anticipatedregret”意為:預(yù)料遺憾,可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)investigate“調(diào)查;研究”;B選項(xiàng)explore“探索;探測;探險(xiǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查;審查”;D選項(xiàng)involve“包含;牽涉;使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”,中文翻譯為:我們的研究,可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“對……感到遺憾(或后悔)”,故C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)similar“類似的”;B選項(xiàng)different“不同的;個別的,與眾不同的”;C選項(xiàng)alike“相似的;相同的”;D選項(xiàng)related“有關(guān)系的”。結(jié)合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娛樂之間”可知該空格處應(yīng)表示類似的模式。因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻譯為:商人看待在工作和娛樂之間過去的選擇。判斷出正確答案為A“如何”。

12.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。對應(yīng)下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻譯為:然而,過去盡職的那些人經(jīng)歷日益增強(qiáng)的……判斷出最符合語境句意的選項(xiàng)為C“越來越少的”。

13.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“錯過機(jī)會”,故選B。

14.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻譯為:一種過度的遠(yuǎn)見,可知此處對應(yīng)D項(xiàng)“遭受”。

15.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻譯為:他們專注于……做事負(fù)責(zé)且他們將放縱看成是浪費(fèi)的、不負(fù)責(zé)的甚至不道德的。結(jié)合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于誘惑”判斷應(yīng)選A“而不是”。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)require“需要;要求”;B選項(xiàng)inquire“詢問;查究;問明”;C選項(xiàng)acquire“獲得;學(xué)到;捕獲”;D選項(xiàng)enquire“詢問;調(diào)查;問候”。結(jié)合下文necessities“必需品”,可知最佳答案為C。

17.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻譯為:這些消費(fèi)者恰恰避開他們極其喜愛的這些產(chǎn)品和經(jīng)歷,可以判斷出選項(xiàng)處應(yīng)表示“結(jié)果”。答案為C。

18.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”,并且此處為主動語態(tài)。答案為D。

19.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regret“后悔;惋惜;哀悼”;B選項(xiàng)appreciate“感激;領(lǐng)會”;C選項(xiàng)decline“謝絕;婉拒”;D選項(xiàng)value“評價;重視”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市場營銷者能幫助消費(fèi)者做出適當(dāng)放縱的選擇”和下文overthelongterm“從長期來看”可以推測出答案為B。

20.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)inpublic“公開地,當(dāng)眾”;B選項(xiàng)inadvance“預(yù)先,提前”;C選項(xiàng)ingeneral“總之”;D選項(xiàng)indetail“詳細(xì)地”。結(jié)合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在購物之旅后”可以判斷出最符合的答案是選項(xiàng)B。

21.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)chance“機(jī)會,際遇;運(yùn)氣”;B選項(xiàng)opportunity“時機(jī),機(jī)會”;C選項(xiàng)capability“才能,能力;性能,容量”;D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性;可能發(fā)生的事物”。聯(lián)系下文可知正確選項(xiàng)為D。

22.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”??芍狝選項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

23.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)attract“吸引”;B選項(xiàng)cause“引起;使遭受;給……帶來”;C選項(xiàng)render“致使;提出”;D選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造,創(chuàng)作”。結(jié)合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻譯為:最大的遺憾,可知最佳答案為B。

24.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻譯為:在這個購物之旅后,我們檢查了這些消費(fèi)者實(shí)際購買的東西,可以判斷選項(xiàng)A“如我們所料”正確。

25.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“傾向于做某事”,結(jié)合上下文可知答案為C。

26.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)unless“除非,如果不”;B選項(xiàng)although“盡管;雖然”;C選項(xiàng)when“當(dāng)……時”;D選項(xiàng)whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此處應(yīng)該表示“然而”,故答案為D。

27.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”,中文翻譯為:消費(fèi)者也可以從這些提示中受益,可知C為最佳答案。

28.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”,中文翻譯為:放棄這個放縱的選擇,和下文“afamilyvacation”,中文翻譯為:一個家庭度假,可知此處應(yīng)為forgo的近義詞,故選A。

29.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)even“甚至,連,即使;更加”;B選項(xiàng)never“從未;決不”;C選項(xiàng)still“仍然;靜止地”;D選項(xiàng)ever“永遠(yuǎn);曾經(jīng);究竟”。聯(lián)系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻譯為:沒有人在彌留之際,判斷出D為最佳答案。

30.【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻譯為:沒有人在彌留之際,以及空格前的wish可知此處為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,從句的謂語動詞用would/couldhavedone??芍鸢笧锽。

8.單選題

Thecourseleaderrequeststhatallthesesarehandedinbefore5:00p.m.nextFriday.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theses

B.are

C.in

D.nextFriday

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)表示“建議、請求、命令、要求”等主觀意向的詞(suggest,advise,propose,recommend,demand,request等)引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,從句需用虛擬語氣:(should)+動詞原形,should可以省略。

試題答案:B;be

9.單選題

Nowadaysmanypeoplebecomeunemployedasaresultofthewideintroductionof(

)inbigindustries

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.estimation

B.automation

C.transformation

D.conformation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今,一些大型工業(yè)廣泛采用自動化技術(shù),造成很多人失業(yè)。

名詞辨析。estimation判斷,評價;automation自動化;transformation轉(zhuǎn)變,改革;conformation結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造。B符合句意。

10.單選題

[A]Likeyoungwomen,whetherstudentsornot,wearestillinthestage[B]mostvaluedbymale-dominantcultures:wehaveourfoilpotentialasworkers,wives,andchildbearers.Thatmeanswehavenotyetexperiencedthelifeeventsthataremostradicalizingforwomen:enteringthepaid-laborforceandfindingoutthat[C]itisnotyetanequalpartnership;havinganddiscoveringwhoisresponsibleforthemandwhoisnot;and[D]aging,stillagreaterpenaltyforwomenthanformen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Like

B.mostvalued

C.itis

D.aging

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)處,主語是we,是表明“我們”作為年輕女性的身份,而不是“像年輕女性一樣”。應(yīng)將like改為as。

11.單選題

Globalculturalhomogenizationbringsreactionsbasedonidentitypolitics,includingnationalismandreligiopoliticsbecause()expressingneedsbetterthanthecurrentsecularorder,whichfavorsuniversalistmodernwesternvalues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithasbeenseenfor

B.theyhavebeenseenfor

C.itisseenas

D.theyareseenas

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和語法題。根據(jù)空格前面的名詞nationalismandreligiopolitics,可判斷空格中做主語的名詞應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù),故排除A和C選項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)固定搭配beseenas“被看作……”,選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she()thedoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)seeat“看到在……”,B項(xiàng)setoff“出發(fā),動身”,C項(xiàng)sendto“送……去……”,D項(xiàng)showto“向……展示”。前半句的意思是“當(dāng)我向她說再見的時候”,那么根據(jù)后面的door(門)可以猜測,空格部分表示“送到門口”。句意:當(dāng)我跟她說再見時,她把我送到門口。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I’ll______thepatient’sbreakfast”,saidthenurse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.seeto注意,負(fù)責(zé)B.stickto堅(jiān)持

C.getto到達(dá),開始,接觸到D.leadto導(dǎo)致,通向

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“我來______病人的早餐”可知,空格處填入seeto表示“負(fù)責(zé)”符合句意,所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】護(hù)士說:“你試著睡一會兒。我來負(fù)責(zé)病人的早餐?!?/p>

14.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’,iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論,也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論,是用于理解社會,正式對社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性,被解釋為“對最大利益的追求”,在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個人行為的假設(shè),并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來,這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo),而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者,他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎。

在理性選擇理論中,這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的,而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說,嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨,內(nèi)疚,或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來說,理性選擇理論并不涉及個人道德或倫理意識在決策中的作用。因此,諾貝爾獎獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為,遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

15.單選題

AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis()coveredbythickclouds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.closely

B.curiously

C.regularly

D.constantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。closely緊密地,嚴(yán)密地;curiously好奇地;regularly有規(guī)律地;constantly不斷地,時常地。句意:盡管金星是離地球最近的行星,但由于它時常被厚厚的云層所覆蓋,人們對它知之甚少。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

16.單選題/r

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