《英美概況》謝福

英美概況》謝福之課后簡答題及答案Chapter1geographypeopleandlanguagewhatisthefullnameoftheU.K?A:thefullnameistheunitedkingdomofgreatBritainandnorthernIreland.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?A:becausetheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkthescotchwhiskyandtoseetheScotsmenwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhatarethey?A:thedevelopmentofEnglishlanguagebedividedintothreeperiod:oldEnglish,middleEnglish,modernEnglish.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath?A:thelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportantaftertheBlackDeath.SoEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.Chapter2HistoryWhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishparliament?A:theyaretheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria'smajorachievements?A:theQueenVictoria'smajorachievementsinalmosteveryaspect:shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britishhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld'slandmass.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinworldwarI?A:ThecentralpowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theottomanempireandBulgariaandalliedpowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussianempire,andBritishempire,Italyandtheunitedstates.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeunitedstatesafterworldwarII?A:becausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharethesameworriesabouttheformersovietunion.Chapter3governmentandthecommonwealthWhatthethreefunctionsofthehouseofcommons?A:thethreefunctionsare:todraftlaws,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactivitiesofthegovernmentpolicy.WhyistheConservativepartysometimescalledthe“Right”?A:becausetheconservativepartyissupportedbylandownersandbusinessmen,whoareoftenfromthemiddleandupper-middleclass.WhatkindofpublicimagedoseliberaldemocratshaveinBritain?A:theliberaldemocratsisperceivedas“middle”betweentheconservationandthelaborparty.itiscomparativelyflexibleandpragmaticinitsbalanceoftheindividualandthesocial.itemphasizestheneedforachangeinBritain'sconstitutionalarrangementstomakethegovernmentmoredemocraticandaccountable.Whyareindependentcandidatesunlikelytowininthegeneralelection?A;Becauseeveniftheywereelected,theywouldbepowerlessinparliament.Therefore,itisnotpossibleformanypeopletovoteforindependentcandidates.Chapter4economyWhatwasthenegativeaspectofThatcher'sreformintheearly1980s?A:itsnegativeaspectwasarapidincreaseinunemployment.in1982,theunemploymentratereachedthelevelofthegreatdepressionyears,withthreemillionpeopleoutofwork.WhatarethecharacteristicsofBritain'sagriculture?A:britain'sagricultureischaracterizedbyasmallportionofthepopulationengagedinagricultureactivitieswithahighdegreeofmechanization.Althoughitemploysamere1%ofthecountry'slaborforce,itmeetsaround60%ofthenationaldemands.WhathappenedtoBritain'sbeefindustryinthemid-1990s?A:Britain'sbeefindustrywashitbadlybyBSE,resultinginabanonbeefexportsin1996.WhataresomeofthepopulartouristattractionsinBritain?ThepopulartouristattractionsinEnglandinclude:TheDorsetandtheEastDevonCoast,theLakeDistrict,Stonehenge,WindsorCastle,UniversitytownsofOxfordandCambridge,TowerofLondon,St.Paul'scathedralandsoon.Chapter5education,mediaandholidaysWhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain?Themajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,whereasthemajorfunctionsofvocationalschoolsweretohelplesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritaincomprehensiveschoolsprovide?Britaincomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandscience,andpracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.InwhatwaysdoBritishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhichstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.Howdothestudentsintheopenuniversityreceivetheireducation?Thestudentsfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,video,andanetworkofstudycenters.WhatroledosethemediaplayinBritishleisureculture?ThemediaplayanessentialroleinBritishleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic'sopinion,determinepeople'smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleoragovernment.Chapter6literatureWhatarethethreecategoriesofShakespeare'splayandtheirrepresentatives?Shakespeare'splaysfallintothreecategories:comedy,tragedyandhistoricalplay.TherepresentativesofhiscomediesincludeAMidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeItandTwelfthNight.HismajorhistoricalplaysincludeRichardIII,HenryWandCleopatra.HisgreattragediesarerepresentedbyHamlet,Othello,KingLear,MacbethandRomeoandJuliet.WhatiscriticalRealism?criticalRealismisaliteraryschoolwhichflourishedinthe40sandearly50softhe19thcentury.thecriticalrealistsdescribedthechieftraitsofthesocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.thegreatestEnglishcriticalrealistwasCharlesDickens.Whatarethetwonewliterarytrendsprevailingattheendof19thcentury?Thenewliterarytrendsthatprevailedattheendof19thcenturyareneo-romanticismandaestheticism.Thosewhobelongtoneo-romanticismlaidemphasisontheinventionofexcitingadventuresandfascinatingstories,andthoseofaestheticismbelievedin“artforart'ssake”.Whatisstreamofconsciousness?streamofconsciousnessisthewritingtechniquewhichputstheunorganizedflowofthoughtonpage.writerswhoadoptthistechniquegiveprecedencetothedepictionofthecharacters'mentalandemotionalreactionstoexternalevents,ratherthantheeventsthemselves.Chapter7societyandcultureUSAChapter8geographyandpeopleHowistheAmericanpopulationdistributed?ThedistributionoftheAmericanpopulationisratheruneven.themostdenselypopulatedregionisthenortheasternpartofthecountry.Thegreatplainshaveacomparativelysmallpopulation.thesouthalsohasapopulationofalmost57.5million.thewestisnotdenselypopulated,exceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikelosAngelesandsanFrancisco.ithasabout20%ofthenation'spopulation.HowisthelifeofthenativeAmericanstoday?AboutonethirdofallnativeAmericansnowliveonreservationsandtheothersliveincities.Povertyandunemploymentarethemajorproblemsforthem,especiallyonthereservations.Whywastheimmigrationactof1942instituted?Thenewimmigrantsintheunitedstates,beingpoorandaccustomedtopoverty,werewillingtoworkforverylowwages.thismadeotherworkersafraidthattheimmigrantswouldlowerwagelevelsandtakejobsawayfromthem.thisoppositionledtotheimmigrationactof1942.Chapter9historyWhydidAmericanchangeitspolicyandenterworldwarII?Becauseoftheformationoftheaxis,theAmericangovernmentfearedthattheaxiscountrieswerewiningthewaranditmightthreatenAmerica'ssecurityandinterests.itbegantoprovidewarequipmenttotheforeignnationsresistingtheaggressionoftheaxispower.theJapaneseairraidonpearlharborbecamethedirectcauseforAmerica'sentranceintothewar.WhatwereNixon'swell-knowncontributionsduringhispresidency?a)broughttheVietnamwartoaclose;b)reestablishingU.S.relationswithchina;c)negotiatingthefirststrategicarmslimitationtreatywiththeformersovietunion.WhatwerethecontentsofReagan'seconomicprogram?Reagan'seconomicprogramcalledforreductionsinincometaxesandbusinesstaxesinordertoencourageinvestment,anditalsorequestedthatmanygovernmentregulationsbeeliminatedsoastoreducethefederalgovernment'sroleintheday-to-dayoperationofbusiness.Chapter10governmentWhatarethetwocharacteristicsoftheU.S.constitution?Oneis“checksandbalances”,theotheristhatthepowerofthecentralgovernmentandthepowersofstategovernmentsarespecified.Whatarethequalificationsforasenatorandarepresentativerespectively?Asenatormustbeover30yearsold,aU.S.citizenforatleastnineyears,andaresidentinthestatewhichtheyrepresent.arepresentativeshouldbeatleast25yearsoldandaU.S.citizenfornolessthansevenyears.Whatarethemajorpowersofthesupremecourt?a)tointerpretlaws;b)tohearappealsfromanyfederalcourtcases;c)tohearappealsfromstatecourtcasesthatinvolvetheconstitutionornationallaws;d)maydeclarealawunconstitutional;e)maydeclareapresidentialactunconstitutional.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedemocratsandtherepublicansintermsofpoliticalopinions?Thedemocratswantthegovernmenttoplayanimportantroleintheeconomyandemphasizefullemploymentasamatterofnationalconcern.theyfavorcivilrightslaws,astrongsocialsecuritysystemwhichgivesenterprisesagreaterfreedomanddemandthatthegovernmentcontrolinflation.Theystresstheneedforlawandorder,andopposecompletegovernmentsocialprogramsandfreechoiceofabortion.theyalsofavorastrongmilitarypostureandassertivestandininternationalrelations.WhatisthecontentofpresidentWilson'sfourteenpoints?presidentWilson'sfourteenpointsinclude:abandonmentofsecretinternationalagreements;freedomofthesea;freetradebetweennations;reductionofarmaments;adjustmentofcolonialclaimsintheinterestsoftheinhabitantsaffected;self-ruleforsubjugatedEuropeannationalities;andtheestablishmentofanassociationofnationswhichguaranteesthepoliticalindependenceandterritorialintegrityofallnations.Chapter11economyWhatindustrydevelopmentstookplaceduringthecolonialperiodofAmerica?Duringthecolonialperiod,thesecondaryindustriesdevelopedasthecoloniesgrew.avarietyofspecializedsawmillsandgristmillsappeared.Colonistsestablishedshipyardstobuildfishingfleetsandtradingvessels.theyalsobuiltsmallironforges.bythe18thcentury,regionalpatternsofdevelopmentinAmericahadbecomeclear.HowdidthecivilwaraffecttheAmericaneconomy?Afterthecivilwar,thelargesoutherncottonplantationsbecamemuchlessprofitable.northernindustries,whichhadexpandedrapidlybecauseofthedemandsofthewar,surgedahead.WhydoesAmericatrytoreducetradebarriers?Becausetheunitedstateshasincreasinglyrealizedthatopenbilateraltradewillnotonlyadvanceitsowneconomicinterests,butalsoenhancedomesticstabilityanditspeacefulrelationshipwithothernations.Chapter12education,mediaandholidaysHowdoesanAmericanuniversitychooseitsapplicants?a)theirhighschoolrecords;b)recommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachers;c)theimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversity;d)theirscoresontheSAT.WhatfunctionsdoAmericanhighereducationinstitutionsperform?Highereducationinstitutionsintheunitedstateshavethreefunctions:teaching,researchandpublicservice,andeachhasitsownemphasiswithregardtoitsfunction.Whatsimilaritiesdofourfamousuniversityshare?Theyallhavealonghistory,theyallhaveanexcellentfaculty,alargenumberofstudentsandhavemadeextensiveacademicachievements.Someoftheirgraduatesareverysuccessfulorinfluentialinsomeareassuchaspolitics,artsandbusiness.Whataretheoriginsofthanksgivingday?ThanksgivingisassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametothenewworld,in1620,themayflowerarrivedandbroughtabout150pilgrims.Lifeatthebeginningwasveryhardandtherewasnotenoughfood,somanyofthemdied.DuringthefollowingsummerthenativeAmericahelpedthemandthentheyhadabountifulharvest.SotheyheldabigcelebrationtothankgodandthenativeAmericans.Chapter13literatureWhatistheessenceofAmericanPuritanism?AmericanPuritanismstresspredestination,originalsin,totaldepravity,andlimitedatonementorthesalvationofaselectedfewwhowouldreceiveGod'sgrace.WhatthemesarereflectedinTheodoreDreiser'sworks?TheodoreDreiser'snovelsdealwitheverydaylife,oftenitssordidside.Dreiserfoundthatlivinginsuchamaterialisticsociety,thehumanindividualisobsessedwithanendlessandmeaninglesssearchforsatisfactionoftheirdesires.heembracedsocialDarwinismandadvocatedtheideaof“thesurvivalofthefittest”.WhatisthelostGeneration?ThelostGenerationrefertotheyoungAmericanwriterscaughtupintheworldwarIandcutoffvaluesyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationhasgonemad.theyproducedworksofdisillusionment.TwoofthemostrepresentativewritersofthelostgenerationareErnestHemingwayandF.ScottFitzgerald.WhatistheBeatMovement?TheBeatMovementbeganinthemiddleofthe1950s.theword“beat”suggestsanon-conformist,rebelliousattitudetowardconventionalvaluesconcerningsex.ReligionandtheAmericawayoflife,anattitudewhichresultsfromthefeelingofdepressionandexhaustionandtheneedtoescapeintoanunconventional,communalmodeoflife.TherepresentativesareAllenGinsberg,WilliamBurroughsandJackKerouac.CanadaChapter14geographyandhistory1.考試重點英國：1、theriseandfalloftheBritishempire.In1583,theBritishempirebuiltthefirstoverseascolonytoNewfoundland,markedthebeginningoftheBritishempire.By1837,BritainhadlongbeenanempirewhichincludedthecoloniesinCanada,Australia,NewZealand,Indiaandmanysmallstatesinthewestindies.Bytheendof19thcentury,theBritishempireincludeaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld'slandmass.Duringthemid-19thcentury,theBritishgovernmentconsolidatedtheexistingcoloniesbybringingthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment.BeforeworldwarI,Britainhadthelargestcolonialempireintheworld.However,Britainsufferedgreatlosstoitsmanpowerinthetwoworldwarsandexhausteditsreservesofgold,dollarsandoverseasinvestment.MostoftheBritain'scoloniesgainedindependencesincethe1940s,whichinevitablyledtothefalloftheEmpire.ThemajorreasonsoftheBritain'srelativeeconomicdecline:Britain'seconomicexperiencedarelativedeclineinthepostwarperiodforseveralreasons:（1）Britainsufferedgreatlossesinthetwoworldwarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebtstofinancethewar.（2）theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialandlargemarketforBritishgoods,gainedtheirindependence.（3）Britainwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendof1960s.（4）BritainhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandUNsecurityCouncil.（5）BritainfailedtoinvestinindustryafterworldwarIIwhereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupwithBritainbyinvestinginthemostmodernequipmentandmeansofproduction.WhatarethethreecategoriesofShakespeare'splayandtheirrepresentatives?Shakespeare'splaysfallintothreecategories:comedy,tragedyandhistoricalplay.TherepresentativesofhiscomediesincludeAMidsummerNight'sDream（仲夏夜之夢），TheMerchantofVenice（威尼斯商人）,AsYouLikeIt（皆大歡喜丿andTwelfthNight（第十二夜）.HismajorhistoricalplaysincludeRichard111（理查三世），HenryW（亨利四世）andCleopatra（埃及艷同.HisgreattragediesarerepresentedbyHamlet（哈姆雷特），Othello（奧賽羅），KingLear（ ）,Macbeth（麥克白）andRomeoandJuliet（羅密歐與朱麗葉）.TheindustrialRevolutiontookrootinBritain'sreasons:（1）theBritainhadahugemarket（2）fromthecoloniesinAmericaandIndia，Englandacquiredenormouswe