英國(guó)文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料

PAGE

PAGE

12

英國(guó)文學(xué)史資料BritishWritersandWorks

=1\*ROMAN

I

.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges

<Beowulf>貝奧武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons

Epic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.

e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey

Artisticfeatures:

Usingalliteration

Definitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（頭韻）

SomeexamplesonP5

Usingmetaphorandunderstatement

Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas

GeofferyChaucer杰弗里?喬叟1340(?)~1400

(首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國(guó)文學(xué)史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰·德萊頓（JohnDryden）稱其為“英國(guó)詩(shī)歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.

Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(綜合的，廣泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)

A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGower

writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.

=1\*GB3

①

<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：

firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(雙韻體)bymiddleEnglish

=2\*GB3

②

<TroilusandCriseyde>特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德

③<TheHouseofFame>聲譽(yù)之宮

MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(傳奇故事)

Famousthree：KingArthur

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

Beowulf

=2\*ROMAN

II

TheRenaissancePeriod

Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.

Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:

newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology

thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion

rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture

Themostfamousdramatists:

ChristopherMarlowe

WilliamShakespeare

BenJohnson.

EdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯賓塞1552~1599

（后人稱之為“詩(shī)人的詩(shī)人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)

A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteria

C.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody

=1\*GB3

①

<TheFaerieQueene>仙后(forQueenElizabeth)

Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.

Artisticfeatures:

UsingSpenserianStanza

DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.

=2\*GB3

②

<TheShepherdsCalendar>牧人日歷

ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.

③<Amoretti>愛(ài)情小唱

2.

ThomasMore托馬斯?莫爾1478~1535

OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists

=1\*GB3

①

<Utopia>烏托邦

3.

FrancisBacon弗蘭西斯?培根1561~1626

（哲學(xué)家、散文家；在論述探究知識(shí)的著作中提出了知識(shí)就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學(xué)的奠基人和近代實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的先驅(qū)。）

Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.

Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.

=1\*GB3

①

<TheAdvancementofLearning>學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn)

=2\*GB3

②

<Essays>隨筆(famousquotas:<Ofstudies>)

ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.

4.

BenJonson

=1\*GB3

①

<ComedyofHumours>

=2\*GB3

②

<Volpone,orthefox>狐貍

5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗?馬洛1564~1595

“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了無(wú)韻體詩(shī)。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.

14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)

A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestina

C.terzarimaD.blankverse

=1\*GB3

①

<TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>浮士德博士的悲?。ǜ鶕?jù)德國(guó)民間故事書寫成）

=2\*GB3

②

<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝

③<TheJewofMalta>馬耳他的猶太人

6.

WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亞1564~1616

=1\*GB3

①

Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII

=2\*GB3

②

FourComedies:<AsYouLikeIt>皆大歡喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜;<AMidsummerNight’SDream>仲夏夜之夢(mèng);<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人

③FourTragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆萊特;<Othello>奧賽羅;<KingLear>李爾王;<Macbeth>麥克白

④ShakespeareSonnet:154<TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.

=3\*ROMAN

III

The17thCentury

1.JohnMilton約翰?彌爾頓1608~1674

（詩(shī)人、政論家;失明后寫《失樂(lè)園》、《復(fù)樂(lè)園》、《力士參孫》。）

=1\*GB3

①

Epics:

<ParadiseLost>失樂(lè)園

<ParadiseRegained>復(fù)樂(lè)園

=2\*GB3

②

Dramaticpoem:

<

SamsonAgonistes>力士參孫

=3\*GB3

③

<Areopagitica>論出版自由

<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>為英國(guó)人民聲辯

④<OnHisBlindness>我的失明

Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.

ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.

2.

JohnBunyan約翰?班揚(yáng)1628~1688

（代表作《天路歷程》，宗教寓言，被譽(yù)為“具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是英國(guó)文學(xué)史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的《神曲》、奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》并列為世界三大宗教題材文學(xué)杰作。）

Puritanpoet(清教徒派詩(shī)人)

=1\*GB3

①

ReligionaryAllegory:<ThePilgrim’sProgress>天路歷程

3.JohnDonne

theMetaphysicalpoet(玄學(xué)派詩(shī)人).

MetaphysicalPoetry(玄學(xué)詩(shī))：（用語(yǔ)）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主題：love,religious,thought）

Artisticfeatures:

conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻

syllogism三段論

=1\*GB3

①

Meditations沉思錄TheFlea虱子

=2\*GB3

②

SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets

=3\*GB3

③

Valediction:<ForbiddingMourning>

=4\*ROMAN

IV

The18thCentury：Enlightenment同時(shí)為美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與法國(guó)大革命提供了框架，并且導(dǎo)致了資本主義和社會(huì)主義的興起，與音樂(lè)史上的巴洛克時(shí)期以及藝術(shù)史上的新古典主義時(shí)期是同一時(shí)期。

Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy

TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)

小說(shuō)崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō))

Gothicnovel(哥特式小說(shuō))：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)

1.

AlexanderPope亞歷山大?蒲柏1688~1744

（18世紀(jì)英國(guó)最偉大的詩(shī)人，其詩(shī)多用“英雄雙韻體”/“heroiccouplets”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）

AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland

Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?(C)

A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift

=1\*GB3

①

<AnEssayonCriticism>批評(píng)論Artisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”

=2\*GB3

②

<TheRapeoftheLock>卷發(fā)遇劫記

=3\*GB3

③

<MoralEssays>道德論<EssayonMan>人論<TheDunciad>愚人記

2.

SamuelJohnson塞繆爾?約翰遜1709~1784

=1\*GB3

①

Dictionary=<ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>英語(yǔ)大詞典

3.JonathanSwift喬納森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世紀(jì)杰出的政論家和諷刺小說(shuō)家amastersatirist。）

=1\*GB3

①

<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游記(fictionalwork)

Fourparts:Lilliput小人國(guó)Brobdingnag大人國(guó)

FlyingIsland飛島Houyhnhnm馬島

<AModestProposal>一個(gè)小小的建議

=2\*GB3

②

<TheBattleofBooks>書戰(zhàn)

=3\*GB3

③

<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事

④<TheDrapper’sLetters>一個(gè)麻布商的書信

4.DanielDefoe丹尼爾?笛福1660~1731

（小說(shuō)家，新聞?dòng)浾撸?cè)子作者；十八世紀(jì)英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的奠基人

Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.

=1\*GB3

①

<RobinsonCrusoe>魯賓遜漂流記

ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.

=2\*GB3

②

<MollFlanders>

=3\*GB3

③

<ColonelJacque>

④<Captainsingleton>

5.HenryFielding亨利?菲爾丁1707~1754

（英國(guó)小說(shuō)家，戲劇家，被譽(yù)為“英國(guó)小說(shuō)之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩(shī)),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.

=1\*GB3

①

novels:

<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>棄嬰湯姆?瓊斯

<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>約瑟夫?安德魯

<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大詩(shī)人江奈生?威爾德

<Amelia>愛(ài)米利亞

=2\*GB3

②

plays:

<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年歷史記事

<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英國(guó)

6.OliverGoldsmith奧利弗?格爾德斯密斯1730~1774

=1\*GB3

①

poems:<TheTraveller>旅游人

<TheDesertedVillage>荒村

=2\*GB3

②

novel:

<TheVicarofWakefield>威克菲爾德牧師傳

7.

RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施萊登1751~1816

=1\*GB3

①

<TheRivals>情敵

=2\*GB3

②

<TheSchoolforScandal>造謠學(xué)校

8.WilliamBlake威廉?布萊克1757~1827

=1\*GB3

①

<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.

=2\*GB3

②

<SongsofExperience>經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.

Include:

<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTygerLambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence

=3\*GB3

③

<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂與地獄的婚姻

9.RobertBurns羅伯特?彭斯1759~1796

ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.

PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩(shī)

①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>約翰?安德生，我的愛(ài)人

②<ARed,RedRose>一朵紅紅的玫瑰

③<AuldLongSyne>往昔時(shí)光

④<AMan’saManforA’That>不管那一套

⑤<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上

⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>

⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>

=5\*ROMAN

V

TheRomanticPeriod

Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.

Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立自由的個(gè)體)

Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.

TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).

“TheLakePoets”湖畔詩(shī)人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.

WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey

1.WilliamWordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770~1850

（與柯?tīng)柭芍?、騷塞同被稱為“

湖畔派

”詩(shī)人。TheLakePoets）

①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)

②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>

Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”

2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.

Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.

③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey

④TheSolitaryReaper孤獨(dú)的割麥女

②<ThePrelude>序曲

2.

SamuelTaylorColeridge塞繆爾?泰勒?科爾律治1772~1834

TheLakePoets

①<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子頌②<Christabel>柯里斯塔貝爾

③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory

④<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜⑤<Dejection,anOde>憂郁頌⑥<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withWilliamWordsworth)

3.

GeorgeGordonByron喬治?戈登?拜倫1788~1824

（拜倫式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內(nèi)心充滿了孤獨(dú)與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德·哈羅德是拜倫詩(shī)歌中第一個(gè)“拜倫式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.

=1\*GB3

①

<DonJuan>唐?璜

<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰爾德?哈羅德?tīng)栍斡?/p>

<Cain>該隱

=2\*GB3

②

<WhenWeTwoParted>當(dāng)初我們倆分別

<SheWalksInBeauty>

4.

PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792~1822

=1\*GB3

①

PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普羅米修斯

Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression

=2\*GB3

②

<QueenMab>麥布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯蘭的反叛

<TheCenci>欽契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>詩(shī)辯

<TheNecessityofAtheism>無(wú)神論的必要性

③Lyrics:

<OdetotheWestWind>西風(fēng)頌

Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.

Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.

Artisticfeatures:

Usingrerzarima(三行詩(shī)ababcbcdcdedefe…)

<ToaSkylark>致云雀

5.

JohnKeats約翰?濟(jì)慈1795~1821

(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩(shī)句。)

=1\*GB3

①

Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希臘古甕頌

<OdetoaNightingale>夜鶯頌

<OdetoPsyche>心靈頌

<OdeOnMelancholy>憂郁頌

=2\*GB3

②

<ToAutumn>秋頌

Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.

Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.

6.

JaneAusten簡(jiǎn)?奧斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.

=1\*GB3

①

<SenseandSensibility>理智與感情

<PrideandPrejudic>傲慢與偏見(jiàn)(chapterI)

【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved

【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood

【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.

【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters

<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲爾德莊園<Emma>愛(ài)瑪

<NorthangerAbbey>諾桑覺(jué)寺<Persuasion>勸導(dǎo)

7.WalterScott沃爾特?斯科特1771~1832

(歷史小說(shuō)之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels

=1\*GB3

①

<RobRoy>羅伯?羅伊

=2\*GB3

②

<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫

=6\*ROMAN

VI

TheVictorianPeriod1832-1900

Commonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.

1.

CharlesDickens查爾斯?狄更斯1812~1870

（批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)家）criticalrealistwriter

①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外傳

②<OliverTwist>奧利弗?特維斯特（霧都孤兒）

③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店

④

<AChristmasCarol>圣誕頌歌

⑤<DombeyandSon>董貝父子

⑥

<DavidCopperfield>大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾

⑦<BleakHouse>荒涼山莊

<HardTimes>艱難時(shí)世

⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>雙城記(London&Paris)

⑨<GreatExpectations>遠(yuǎn)大前程

⑩<OurMutualFriend>我們共同的朋友

是英國(guó)19世紀(jì)小說(shuō)繁榮時(shí)期最杰出的代表作家，影響遍及歐美以及世界各國(guó)。他那富有社會(huì)批判意義的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)不僅使英國(guó)文壇煥然一新，而且對(duì)世界文學(xué)的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

2.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉?麥克匹斯?薩克雷1811~1863

①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利場(chǎng)(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)

②<TheBookOfSnobs>

3.CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855

①<JaneEyre>簡(jiǎn)?愛(ài)

JaneEyre,aplainlittleorphan,wassenttoLowood,acharityschool.Thereshesufferalotand8yearslatersheleftschoolandbecameabovernessatThornfieldHall.Thereshefallsinlovewiththemaster,Mr.Rochester.

Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.charityinstitutionsuchasLowoodSchool

ItisasuccessfulintroductiontothefirstgovernessheoineintheEnglishnovel,whomrepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenstrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.

②<Shirley>雪莉

③<Professor>教師

4.

EmilyBronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854

①<WutheringHeights>呼嘯山莊

Astoryabouttwofamilieandanintrudingstranger.

【TheEarnshawFamily】Mr.Earnshaw,hiswife,thesonHindley,thedaughterCatherine,Heathcliff

【TheLintonFamily】Mr.Linton,hiswife,sonEdgar,daughterIsabella

②<OldStoic>

5.GeorgeEliot喬治?艾略特1819~1880

①<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊

②<AdamBede>亞當(dāng)?比德

③<SilasMarner>織工馬南

④

<Middlemarch>米德?tīng)栺R契

6.AlfredTennyson阿爾弗萊德?丁尼生1809~1892

（維多利亞時(shí)代最具代表性的偉大詩(shī)人）

PoetLaureate（桂冠詩(shī)人）

①<InMemoriam>悼念Tomemorializehisfriend

②<Break,Break,Break>③<IdyllsoftheKing>國(guó)王敘事詩(shī)

7.

RobertBrowning羅伯特?白朗寧1812~1889

①<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人

②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外鄉(xiāng)思

ElizabethBarrettBrowing:①<SonnetfromthePortuguese>葡萄牙十四行詩(shī)

8.RobertLouisStevenson①<TreasureIsland>金銀島

9.ThomasHardy托馬斯?哈代1840~1928

（小說(shuō)多以農(nóng)村生活為背景；自然主義小說(shuō)家。Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）

=1\*GB2

⑴

Novels

①<TessOfTheD’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔絲

Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration

②<JudeTheObscure>無(wú)名的裘德

③<UnderTheGreenwoodTree>綠蔭下

④

<FarFromTheMaddingCrowd>遠(yuǎn)離塵囂

⑤<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng)

⑥

<TheReturnoftheNative>還鄉(xiāng)

=2\*GB2

⑵

Poems

WessexPoemsAndOtherVersesPoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts列國(guó)

=7\*ROMAN

VII

1900~1950The20thCentury

Playwrights

=1\*GB3

①

OscarWilde

=2\*GB3

②

GeorgeBernardShaw

1.OscarWilde奧斯卡?王爾德1856~1900

（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）

=1\*GB3

①

4Comedies:

<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest>認(rèn)真的重要

<LadyWindermere’sFan>溫德米爾夫人的扇子

<AWomanOfNoImportance>一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的女人

<AnIdealHusband>理想的丈夫

=2\*GB3

②

Novel:

<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多利安?格雷的畫像

=3\*GB3

③

FairyStories:

<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales>快樂(lè)王子故事集

2.GeorgeBernardShaw喬治?伯納?蕭1856~1950

(英國(guó)杰出的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義劇作家）criticalrealisticdramatist

=1\*GB2

⑴

Plays

=1\*GB3

①

PlaysUnpleasant

<MrsWarren’SProfession>華倫夫人的職業(yè)<Widowers’Houses>鰥夫的房產(chǎn)

=2\*GB3

②

PlaysPleasant

<ArmsAndMan>武器與人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命運(yùn)的人

③Plays

<ManAndSuperman>人與超人<Pygmalion>匹格瑪利翁

<TheAppleCart>蘋果車<SaintJoan>圣女貞德

Novelists(Realists)

1.JosephConcrad

=1\*GB3

①

<LordJim>吉姆爺

=2\*GB3

②

<HeartOfDarkness>黑暗的心

1.Whythebook’stitleisHeartofDarkness?

ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpeople’sskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans’heart.

2.Whatisthesymbolismofblackandwhite

【Black/dark-】death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilized

MiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.

AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasdarkandGodcreatedlight.

AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darkstage”.

【W(wǎng)hite/light】life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.

Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),whitenessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.

Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt

3.Comment

Thebookimpliesthatcivilizationsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.

Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonce"oneofthedarkerplacesoftheearth"beforetheRomansforcedcivilizationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.

ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.

4.Character

【Kurtz】representswhateverymanwillbecomeiflefttohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvironment.

【Marlow】representsthecivilizedsoulthathasnotbeendrawnbackintosavagerybyadark,alienatingjungle.

5.NarrativeStructure

InHeartofDarkness,wehaveanoutsidenarratortellingusastoryhehasheardfromMarlow.ThestoryMarlowtellscentersaroundKurtz.However,mostofwhatMarlowknowsaboutKurtz,hehaslearnedfromothers.TheyhavegoodreasonfornotbeingtruthfultoMarlow.ThereforeMarlowhastopiecetogethermuchofKurtz’sstory.

2.WilliamSomersetMaugham

<OfHumanBondage>人性的枷鎖

EdwardMorganFoster(E.M.Foster)

<APassageToIndia>印度之行<HawardsEnd>霍華茲別墅

Modernists

=1\*GB2

⑴

3Novelists

=1\*GB3

①

JamesJoyce

=2\*GB3

②

DavidHerbertLawrence

=3\*GB3

③

VirgirniaWoolf

1.DavidHerbertLawrence戴維?赫伯特?勞倫斯1885~1930

①<SonsAndLovers>兒子與情人(autobiographical)

【Mrs.Morel】,daughterofamiddle-classfamily,is"awomanofcharacterandrefinement",astrong-willed,intelligentandambitiousw