考研考博-英語-井岡山大學考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-井岡山大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioFund.Unlikemanybalancedfunds,whichdiversifyprimarilybetweenstocksandbonds.Itencompassesamuchwidervarietyofassets:20percentgoldbullionandcoins,5percentsilverbullionandcoins,10percentSwissfrancdenominatedassets(typicallySwissgovernmentbonds),15percentUSandforeignrealestateandnatural-resourcecompanystocks,15percentaggressive-growthstocks,and35percentindollarassets(Treasurysecuritiesinvaryingmaturitiesandalsoshort-term,high-gradebonds).

Overthepastfiveyears,whiletheS&P500hasslippedbackward,thePermanentPortfolioFundhasaveragedastartling10.1percentgrowthperyear.

“Wedon’tcorrelatetoanyindexbecauseweowndifferentassets,”saysthefund'smanager,MichaelGuggino.“Inmarketswherestocksandequitiesaregoingsidewaysordown,weperformverywellbecauseourdiversificationismuchbroader.Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe90s,clearlywearegoingtounderperformbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”

Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.

1.Accordingto“modemportfoliotheory,”weshould（）.

2.Inthelastparagraph,“Thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsof1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints.”Weseefromthissentencethat（

）.

3.Whatattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsconventionalportfolios?

4.Inthelast2ndparagraph,“Ifequitiesgogangbusterslikeinthe1990s,clearlywearegoingtounder-performbecausewewon’tbetotallyinstocks.”Weknowfromthissentenceallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

問題1選項

A.buyonesinglykindofstocks

B.neversellourstocks

C.sellstockswhosepricesgorelativelytoohighinourportfolio

D.buystockswhosepricesfluctuatesatthesamepace

問題2選項

A.thefund'sprofitswerenotgoodenough

B.thefund'sperformanceduringthe1990sisverypoor

C.thefundlostmoneyduringthe1990s

D.thefunddidexceedinglywellduringthe1990s

問題3選項

A.Skeptical

B.Scathing

C.Detached

D.Boastful

問題4選項

A.the1990ssawaboomingstockmarket

B.“we”underperformedduringthe1990s

C.“we”willchangeourcourseofaction

D.“we”arenottotallyinstocks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)組合理論，我們應該……”。文章第八段提到“這在很大程度上取決于資產(chǎn)的分散性和你打算持有多久。這些是現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)組合理論的關鍵部分”（Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegree——onhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou'repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modernportfoliotheory”…），可知強調(diào)的是多樣性，而不是“單個”，因此選項A可以排除；文章第十段提到“為了讓它（投資組合）起作用，你需要擁有不同類型且不同步變化的資產(chǎn)，并且你還需要對資產(chǎn)進行預估”（Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon’tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon），因此選項D中的atthesamepace錯誤，可以排除；文章第九段rebalancetheportfolio,第十二段提到“平衡投資組合包括出售一些盈利的資產(chǎn)，買入更多虧損的資產(chǎn)類別”（Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodicallysellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers），因此選項B錯誤。綜上，選項C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“我們從最后一段的這句話中了解到了什么？”文章最后一句提到“實際上，在上世紀90年代的繁榮時期，該基金表現(xiàn)明顯滯后，導致這十年的平均年回報率落后于標準普爾500指數(shù)4個百分點”（Indeed,thefundlaggedsignificantlyduringtheboomyearsofthe1990s,causingaverageannualreturnsforthedecadetotrailtheS&P500byfourpercentagepoints），由此可以推斷在90年代股市暴漲在基金中不明顯，因此選項A符合題意。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是“對于傳統(tǒng)資產(chǎn)組合，作者是何種態(tài)度？”文章第六段提問道“傳統(tǒng)的資產(chǎn)組合真的像專家們所說的那樣安全嗎？”下文對此進行解答，因此選項C“客觀的”符合題意。skeptical“懷疑的”；scathing“嚴厲的”；boastful“自夸的，自負的”。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“我們從倒數(shù)第二段的這句話中了解到以下信息，除了……”該句出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話，意思是“如果股票像90年代那樣行情火爆，那么很明顯，我們的運作將會差于一般市場價格，因為我們不會完全投資于股市”，“90年代股票市場繁榮”“‘我們’在90年代運作不佳”“‘我們’沒有完全投資于股市”均在句子中體現(xiàn)了，只有C選項沒有體現(xiàn)，因此該選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

問題1選項

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項flare“閃耀”；B選項glitter“燦爛”；C選項spark“火花”；D選項flash“閃光”。句意：人們會來看看我們現(xiàn)在有多好，我們的成功是否只是曇花一現(xiàn)。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“曇花一現(xiàn)”。因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Nations,likeindividualsorsportsteams,willnotfollowleaderstheydon'trespect,whosegoalsareunclear,whosephilosophyisnotin_______withacceptedhumanvalues.

問題1選項

A.synonym

B.syne

C.synod

D.sync

【答案】D

【解析】synonym同義字;syne自從;synod大會,宗教會議;sync同時;同步。句意：國家,就像個人或運動隊一樣,不會追隨他們不受他們尊重,目標不明確,人生觀也與公認的人類價值觀不一致的領導者。選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（）forawholeweek.

問題1選項

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】句意:她熱衷于重新裝飾這大房子，為此她整整忙活了一周。

考查形容詞辨析。constrained限制的，制約的;dominate（動詞）主宰，主導，keepsb.dominated表示使…居于領先地位;restricted局限的，限制的；occupied有人使用(或居住)，被占領的，被侵占的，keepsb.occupied表示使某人忙于做某事。因此D符合句意。

5.單選題

OnmanyissuesJohnandMaryfoundthemselvesseriously（）.

問題1選項

A.atodds

B.atrandom

C.atintervals

D.athaphazard

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:atodds“爭執(zhí)；不一致”；B:atrandom“隨機地”；C:atintervals“不時”；D:athaphazard“偶然地”。句意：約翰和瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己在許多問題上不一致。根據(jù)句意，A為正確答案。

6.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項rectify“糾正”；B選項reclaim“開拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C選項refrain“節(jié)制，克制；避免；制止”；D選項reckon“測算，估計；認為”。句意：一旦你認識到自己的錯誤，那么你應該盡可能快地糾正它們。結(jié)合句意，A選項正確。

7.單選題

Idon’treallyknowjohnallthatwells;he’sjusta（

）acquaintance.

問題1選項

A.random

B.formal

C.haphazard

D.casual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。random意為“任意的”；formal意為“正規(guī)的”；haphazard意為“偶然的，隨意的”，一般指的是物；casual意為“偶然的”，acasualacquaintance意為“點頭之交，偶然相識”。

句意：我并不怎么了解約翰；我們只不過是泛泛之交。

8.單選題

I’mwritingtoyou______mybrotherwhoisillinthehospital.

問題1選項

A.onbehalfof

B.bythenameof

C.inplaceof

D.infavorof

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.onbehalfof代表B.bythenameof以……為名；名叫

C.inplaceof取代D.infavorof有利于，支持

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“我______我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信”可知，我是代表我的兄弟寫信，所以該選擇A項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】我代表我生病住院的兄弟給你寫信。

9.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

問題1選項

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，后面應該是肯定的推測，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A選項musthavegone“一定是”，表示對過去肯定的推測；B選項shouldhavegone和C選項oughttohavegone都表示“本來應該去而未去”；D選項couldhavegone表示“本來能夠去而沒去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

10.翻譯題

RawmaterialsandpartiallyfinishedgoodsaresenttospecialborderzonefactoriesinsideMexicowhereadditionalassemblyworkiscompletedonthegoods,whicharethentransferredbacktotheUnitedStates.Alldutiesarewaivedbybothgovernments,exceptonthevalueaddedbytheadditionalmanufacturingprocessestakingplaceinMexico.Obviously,themostdesirablebarterwouldbeforgoodsthefirmwouldotherwisehavetopurchaseontheopenmarket.Secondmostdesirablewouldbegoodsthattheglobalsourcingmanagerseesareadymarketforwherehardcurrencycanbeearnedfromtheirsale.

【答案】

原材料和半成品被送往墨西哥境內(nèi)的邊境特區(qū)工廠，在那里完成貨物的附加組裝工作，然后再被轉(zhuǎn)回美國。除了在墨西哥進行的額外生產(chǎn)過程所增加的價值外，兩國政府對其他部分都放棄關稅。顯然，最理想的易貨交易對象是公司在自由市場上必須購買的商品。第二可取的是那些商品：全球采購經(jīng)理看到了一個現(xiàn)成的市場，可以從該商品的銷售中獲得硬通貨。

11.單選題

Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor（）thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpace.

問題1選項

A.complication

B.danger

C.obstacle

D.hazard

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項complication“并發(fā)癥，復雜”；B選項danger“危險”；C選項obstacle“障礙”；D選項hazard“危險，風險”。句意：他們拒絕妥協(xié)是阻礙進一步發(fā)展的主要（）。這里原句表達的意思是“阻礙進一步發(fā)展的障礙”，因此C選項符合題意。

12.單選題

______herpeninink,whensheheardthetrampingoflittlefeetalongthehall,andthenapoundingatherdoor.

問題1選項

A.Nosoonerhasshedipped

B.Scarcelyhadshedipped

C.Assoonasshehaddipped

D.Hardlyshehasdipped

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Nosoonerhasshedipped她一蘸B.Scarcelyhadshedipped她剛蘸

C.Assoonasshehaddipped她剛蘸就D.Hardlyshehasdipped她剛蘸

【考查點】倒裝句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)when可知，scarcely/hardly…when表示“剛……就”，而scarcely/hardly位于句首就要進行部分倒裝，所以B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項要與than搭配使用；

C項不需要與when搭配；

D項沒有部分倒裝。

【句意】她剛把筆蘸上墨水，就聽見大廳外的腳步聲，然后是敲門聲。

13.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”

“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.

“Tookthechair.”

Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?

3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.

4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

問題1選項

A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement

問題2選項

A.Serious

B.Critical

C.Joking

D.Satirical

問題3選項

A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustified

B.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgrace

C.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntaste

D.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents

問題4選項

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

問題5選項

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”對男性來說,婦女解放帶來的一個好處就是男人不用遵守尊重婦女的舊式禮節(jié)了。由此可知,在婦女解放過程中,男性也得到了解放,所以選項B符合原文。

2.從作者的敘述方式看,作者在討論舉止風度以及婦女解放問題時帶有調(diào)侃語氣。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者說,他拒絕用一些過時的禮節(jié)來麻煩女士(事實上對女性表示禮貌恭維談不上是“麻煩”),而且之所以這樣,是出于一種尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者將自己看作是那些具有“天然風度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所謂“天然”,卻是一切順其自然,不受社會禮儀規(guī)范所約束。由此可以確定選項C為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)關鍵詞“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark認為當一名男性和一名女性被帶到餐桌子前,服務員拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的應該是女性。說明AnnClark比較贊同傳統(tǒng)的社會行為規(guī)則,而作者的做法恰好與其相反,他喜歡順著自己的意愿。所以選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因為那個正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到達的,這是作者的一種習慣。所以作者的妻子認為作者不應該按照自己的習慣坐在那把椅子上,所以選項C正確。

5.根據(jù)原文最后一段內(nèi)容可知,作者比女性先上車的原因,首先這是他的一個習慣,其次是出于禮貌,愛和尊重,以及保護女性的安全避免受到潛在的襲擊。只有選項D不正確。

14.單選題

CardinalMEZZOFANTIofBolognawasasecularsaintwhowassaidtospeak72languages.Or50.Noonewascertainofthetruefigure,butitwasalot.VisitorsflockedfromallcomersofEuropetotesthimandcameawaystunned.Twocondemnedprisonerswereduetobeexecuted,butnooneknewtheirlanguagetoheartheirconfession.Mezzofantilearneditinanight,heardtheirsinsthenextmorningandsavedthemfromhell.

Orsothelegendgoes.In“BabelNoMore”,MichaelErardhaswrittenthefirstseriousbookaboutthepeoplewhomastervastnumbersoflanguages—orclaimto.Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese),butheapproacheshistopicwithbothwonderandahealthydashofscepticism.

Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.Thepeoplehemeetsarecertainlyinteresting.Onemanwithamentalageofninehasavastmemoryforforeignwordsandtheuseofgrammaticalendings,buthecannotseemtobreakfreeofEnglishwordorder.KenHals,whowasalinguistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyanddiedin2001,wassaidtohavelearned50languages.Professionallinguistssillswearbyhistalent.Butheinsistedhespokeonlythree(English,SpanishandWarlpiri—fromAustralia’sNorthernTerritory)andcouldmerely“talk”inothers.Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.

Attheendofhisstory,however,ErardfindsasurpriseinMezzofanti’sarchive:flashcards.Stacksofthem,inGeorgian,Hungarian,Arabic,Algonquinandnineothertongues.Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.Theconclusion?Hyperpolyglotsmaybeginwithtalentbuttheyaren’tgeniuses.Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.

1.Theword“hyperpolyglot”(para.2)referstotheonewho（）.

2.By“ahealthydashofskepticism”,theauthordemonstratesMr.Erard’s（）.

3.Mr.Erard’seffortstofindtheModernMezzofantis（）.

4.Whatistheemphasisinthelastparagraph?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）.

問題1選項

A.enjoyslearninglanguages

B.receivesstrictlanguagetraining

C.speaksmanylanguages

D.excelsinlanguagetests

問題2選項

A.biasedopinion

B.objectiveattitude

C.strongmotivation

D.extremecuriosity

問題3選項

A.arenotveryfruitful

B.willnotendinvain

C.seemtopayoff

D.arehighlyappreciated

問題4選項

A.Thereisnoshortcutinlanguagelearning.

B.Weallhavethepotentialtobeagoodlanguagelearner.

C.Somepeoplearemoregiftedtolearnlanguages.

D.Goodlanguagelearnershavespeciallearningtechniques.

問題5選項

A.aresearchpaper

B.asciencefiction

C.anewsreport

D.abookreview

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese)，（埃拉爾是一名記者，接受過一些語言學訓練，但他自己并不是（），他會說一點西班牙語和漢語），會說一點西班牙語和漢語用來補充解釋前面的hyperpolyglot，和C選項“會說多種語言”對應，hyperpolyglot是“語言狂人”，故C選項正確。A選項“喜歡學語言”文章沒有提到。B選項“接受嚴格的語言訓練”：Erard學過一些，說不上嚴格。D選項“擅長語言測試”，文章沒有講語言測試。因此C選項正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.（埃拉爾說，真正的語言狂人大約從會11種語言開始，雖然傳說比比皆是，但經(jīng)過驗證的例子卻很少。），可知實際上語言狂人沒有大家所知的那么多，所以Erard的懷疑是客觀的，故B選項“客觀的態(tài)度”正確，A選項“有偏見的觀點”錯誤。C選項“強烈的動機”和D選項“極度的好奇心”和事例無關。因此B選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.（為了弄清楚是否真的有人能學會這么多語言，埃拉爾開始尋找現(xiàn)代的Mezzofantis。），和第三段最后一句triedandtestedexemplarsarefew（通過驗證的例子很少），表明Erard的調(diào)查目的起碼有些成效，故C選項“似乎有回報”正確。A選項“都不是很有成效”：在這過程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人，做了一些測試，得到一些結(jié)果。B選項“不會徒然結(jié)束”：沒有提到后續(xù)相關事情。D選項“高度贊賞”：文中沒有對調(diào)查結(jié)果的評價。因此C選項正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.（他們只是喜歡那些對普通人來說是苦差事的工作。天賦和樂趣驅(qū)動著一個良性循環(huán)，推動他們?nèi)ネ瓿蓜e人根本不屑的壯舉。），天賦和樂趣推動掌握多種語言的人持續(xù)不斷的學習，也就是對普通人來說是苦差事又不屑的壯舉，故A選項“語言學習沒有捷徑”正確。B選項“我們都有潛力成為一個好的語言學習者”和C選項“有些人在學習語言方面更有天賦”：有的人一開始或許是有天賦，但有天賦還不夠，而持續(xù)學習不是普通人會做的。D選項“好的語言學習者有特殊的學習技巧”：根據(jù)最后一段第三句Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.（世界上最著名的語言狂人使用的工具和今天給一年級語言學習者是一樣的。），可知D選項“好的語言學習者有特殊的學習技巧”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章通過多個例子證明自己的觀點，可知本文是議論體裁，故A選項“研究論文”正確。B選項“科幻小說”：沒有幻想和科技的成分。C選項“新聞報道”：講述事例不夠客觀。D選項“書評”：沒有詳細評價和介紹書。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemic（流行?。﹐fsleepinessinthenation．“Ican’tthinkofasinglestudythathasn’tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,”saysDr.David．Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest．

Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（lack）crisescanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago．Fromdiaryentriesandourpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight．“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.”Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock．“Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David．“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyenergetic.”

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday．Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprograms．“Inoursociety,you’reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouneedonly5.5hours’sleep．Ifyou’vegottoget8.5hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition．”

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier．“We’vefoundthatifyou’reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,”saysDr．David．“Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate．”

1.Peopleinthe18thand19thcenturiessleptabout9.5hoursanightbecausetheyhad（）．

2.AccordingtoDr.David,Americans（）.

3.ManyAmericansbelievethat（）.

4.Theword“subjects”（firstsentence,lastparagraph）refersto（）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatoneshouldsleepasmanyhoursasisnecessaryto（）.

問題1選項

A.nodriveandambition

B.noelectriclighting

C.thebestsleephabits

D.nothingtodointheevening

問題2選項

A.areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressureoflife

B.oftenneglecttheconsequencesofsleepdeficit

C.donotknowhowtorelaxthemselvesproperly

D.cangetbyon6.5hoursofsleep

問題3選項

A.sleepisthefirstthingthatcanbesacrificedwhenoneisbusy

B.theyneedmoresleeptocopewiththecomplexitiesofeverydaylife

C.tosleepissomethingonecandoatanytimeoftheday

D.enoughsleeppromotespeople’sdriveandambition

問題4選項

A.theperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficit

B.specialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudied

C.peoplewhosebehaviorsorreactionsarebeingstudied

D.thepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit

問題5選項

A.improveone’smemorydramatically

B.beconsidereddynamicbyotherpeople

C.maintainone’sdailyschedule

D.feelingenergeticandperformadequately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Thebeginningofoursleep-deficit（lack）crisescanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago．“Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodointheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.我們的睡眠不足危機可以追溯到一個世紀前燈泡的發(fā)明?！白詈玫乃吡晳T曾經(jīng)是我們被迫養(yǎng)成的，那時我們晚上在農(nóng)場里無所事事，而且很黑?！笨芍?8世紀和19世紀人們每晚睡9.5小時的主要原因是沒有電燈。故B項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon’tevenrealizethey’redoingit,”saysDr.David．“Theythinkthey’reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyenergetic.人們會在睡覺這方面欺騙自己，而且他們自己都沒有意識到?！贝笮l(wèi)博士說?！八麄冋J為自己沒問題，因為他們可以工作6.5個小時，而實際上他們需要7.5、8個小時甚至更多的時間才能感到精力充沛?！笨芍狣avid認為美國人忽視了自己的睡眠問題。故B項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprograms．每當來自工作、家庭、朋友和社區(qū)的壓力增加時，許多人都認為睡覺是他們生活中最廉價的事情?！笨芍绹撕苊r會首先犧牲睡眠時間。故A項正確。

4.詞義題。由最后一段“Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthem,為了確定睡眠不足的后果，研究人員對受試者進行了一系列心理和表現(xiàn)測試，”可知subject指代研究中受試者的心理反應和其他表現(xiàn)。故A項正確。

5.推理判斷題。本文第二段提到了由于睡眠不足導致的精力不充沛，最后一段的實驗指出睡眠不足的人各方面的表現(xiàn)也不好。故充足睡眠才能保證體力充沛，表現(xiàn)良好。故D項正確。

16.單選題

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（

）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

問題1選項

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.regardlessof

D.bymeansof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Inlinewith“符合，與······一致”；intermsof“依據(jù)，根據(jù)，在······方面”；regardlessof“不顧，不管”；bymeansof“借助于，憑借”。根據(jù)句意“一個國家的財富應該依據(jù)人民的健康和幸福以及它所生產(chǎn)的商品來衡量”，選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis（）thanTim.

問題1選項

A.muchmoresportsman

B.moreofasportsman

C.moreofsportsman

D.moreasportsman

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞的程度比較。對于一些可顯示程度的名詞，把帶of的數(shù)量詞放在其前面可以表示程度的修飾，且這種結(jié)構(gòu)只能與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，名詞前要加不定冠詞。moreofasportsmanthanTim表示他比蒂姆更愛好運動，因此B選項正確。

18.單選題

Oursondoesn’tknowwhatto（）attheuniversity:hecan’tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.

問題1選項

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeafter

D.takeup

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。takein“理解，吸收”；takeover“接管”；takeafter“與……相像”；takeup“占據(jù)，開始，從事”。句意：我們的兒子不知道在大學里該做什么：他對自己的未來拿不定主意。選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldnot______theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.