考研考博-英語-云南商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭(zhēng)吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Allthepartsofthismodelofautomobileare（

）,sothatyoucaneasilyreplacethemeverywhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.normalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)”；mechanize“使機(jī)械化”；normalize“使變得正?！薄＞湟猓哼@種型號(hào)的汽車的所有部件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，所以你可以很容易到處更換。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

RussianwomenhadtowearprotectivemasksastheywalkedinMoscow,whichwas（）byaheavysmogyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrouded

B.unveiled

C.decayed

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。shrouded“遮蔽”；unveiled“除去面紗”；decayed“衰退；腐敗”；deprived“剝奪；喪失”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知which引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語從句，此處which指代的是“Moscow莫斯科”，根據(jù)主句的意思可知此處想表達(dá)的是莫斯科被大霧籠罩。句意：俄羅斯的女性昨天在……的莫斯科街頭行走的時(shí)候不得不戴著厚厚的保護(hù)面罩。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)A。

4.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatforthrightnessandthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。forthrightness意為“坦率，直率”；intention意為“意圖，目的”；instinct意為“本能，天性”；integrity意為“正直，誠(chéng)實(shí)”；intensity意為“強(qiáng)烈”。

句意：市長(zhǎng)是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財(cái)政支持。

5.單選題

People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidoff

B.laidon

C.laidaside

D.laidback

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)layoff“解雇，休息”；B選項(xiàng)layon“安裝，提供”；C選項(xiàng)layaside“擱置，儲(chǔ)蓄，留存”；D選項(xiàng)layback“躺下休息”。根據(jù)句意“被解雇（下崗）的人們將得到幫助，直到他們找到新的工作?！边x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.問答題

Thecostsofwatchingthefilmisthatittakesup120minutesofyourtime-timewhichcould

A

B

C

bespentinbedasleep.Thebenefitistheenjoymentgainedfromeachextraminuteviewed.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;cost

【解析】考查主謂一致。謂語動(dòng)詞is用的是單數(shù)形式，故主語也需要用單數(shù)形式。

7.單選題

SinceHelenismywife,itisdifficultformetobeobjectiveabouthertalent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impersonal

B.single-minded

C.overwhelmed

D.subjective

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impersonal“客觀的，非個(gè)人的”；B選項(xiàng)single-minded“專心的，純真的”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelmed“被壓倒的，被湮沒的”；D選項(xiàng)subjective“主觀的，個(gè)人的”。句意：既然海倫是我的妻子，我很難客觀地評(píng)價(jià)她的才能。Objective“客觀的”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思更相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Someanalystsconsidertheprocessofautomationasecondindustrialrevolutionwiththepotentialityforasocialupheavalthatmarkedthebirthofthefactoryacenturyandahalfago.Othersinsistitisjustanotherstepinindustry'sprogresstowardgreaterefficiency,nodifferentinitsbasicattributesfromanyofthetechnologicaladvancesthathavehelpedraiseAmericanwages,employmenttotalsandlivingstandards.

Congressionalinvestigations,puzzledaboutwhatactionthegovernmentshouldtake,havebeentoldbyunionleadersthatautomationthreatensmassunemploymentandbybusinessexecutivesthatitwillbringunparalleledprosperity.

Engineerssaythatpush-buttonfactoriesmayeventuallypermitaworkscheduleinwhichtheweek-endwillbelongerthantheweek.Educatorsseeallthisleisurepromotingascholasticrenaissanceinwhichculturalattainmentswillbecometheyardstickofsocialrecognitionforworkersandbossalike.Gloomierobserversfearthetrendtoward“inhumanproduction”willendbymakingmenobsolete.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Thepositionoftheauthoristo.

4.Whoseopinionindicatesthatautomationisagreatthreattosocialstability?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.robotsatwork

B.machinesvs.mankind

C.speculationsonautomation

D.ourrisingstandardofliving

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernmentfavorsautomation.

B.Industryhasmadegreatadvancesinthepast150years.

C.Engineersopposeautomation.

D.Morepeoplefavorautomationthanopposeit.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.presentunfavorableopinionsonautomation

B.convincethereadersofthebenefitsofautomation

C.presentdifferentopinionsonautomation

D.urgethegovernmenttopromoteautomation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Educators

B.Unionleaders

C.Someanalysts

D.Someobservers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了不同人對(duì)automation(自動(dòng)化)的看法，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段第一句話提到工程師們認(rèn)為自動(dòng)化的工廠可能最終會(huì)使那些能在一周內(nèi)完成的工作延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（Engineerssaythatpush-buttonfactoriesmayeventuallypermitaworkscheduleinwhichtheweek-endwillbelongerthantheweek），由此可以推測(cè)出工程師們對(duì)自動(dòng)化是持反對(duì)意見的，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.主旨大意題。作者客觀陳述了不同人對(duì)自動(dòng)化的看法，并沒有帶有自己的觀點(diǎn)或者評(píng)價(jià)，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到工會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)為自動(dòng)化會(huì)導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模失業(yè)（unionleadersthatautomationthreatensmassunemployment），而大規(guī)模失業(yè)肯定會(huì)影響社會(huì)安定，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomists---areatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...幾項(xiàng)研究表明，制造業(yè)以外也在發(fā)生類似的事情:...”也就是說，除了制造業(yè)，美國(guó)其他行業(yè)里工作時(shí)間也很長(zhǎng)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的時(shí)間更少，他們（孩子）可能會(huì)被長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趨勢(shì)，這僅僅是個(gè)巧合嗎?”由此可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的結(jié)果將會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪數(shù)量的增加。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“這些答案都不能真正解釋為什么美國(guó)的工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的下降趨勢(shì)已經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)，而其他地方卻沒有(盡管英國(guó)有跡象表明正在步美國(guó)的后塵)。也許文化差異——失敗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的最后避難所——正在發(fā)揮作用?！边@里提到文化差異的問題，但這并不是美國(guó)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家過去認(rèn)為，一旦工人掙到足夠的錢來滿足他們的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是為了擴(kuò)大基本需求，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.翻譯題

Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.

Negotiatingistheprocessofcommunicatingbackandforthforthepurposeofreachinganagreement.

Itinvolvespersuasionandcompromise,butinordertoparticipateineitherone,thenegotiatorsmustunderstandthewaysinwhichpeoplearepersuadeandhowcompromise,isreachedwithinthecultureofthenegotiation.

Inmanyinternationalbusinessnegotiationsabroad,Americansareperceivedaswealthy

andimpersonal.

ItoftenappearstotheforeignnegotiatorthattheAmericanrepresentsalargemultimillion-dollarcorporationthatcanaffordtopaythepricewithoutbargainingfurther.TheAmericannegotiator'srolebecomesthatofanimpersonalpurveyorofinformationandcash.

InstudiesofAmericannegotiatorsabroad,severaltraitshavebeenidentifiedthatmayservetoconfirmthisstereotypicalperception,whileunderminingthenegotiator’sposition.

Twotraitsinparticularthosecausecross-culturalmisunderstandingsaredirectnessandimpatienceonthepartoftheAmericannegotiator.Furthermore，Americannegotiators,ofteninsistonrealizingshort-termbenefits.Foreignnegotiatorsandmaybewillingtoinvesttimeinitforlong-termbenefits.

Inordertosolidifytherelationship,theymayoptforindirectinteractionswithoutregardforthetimeinvolvedingettingtoknowtheothernegotiator.

Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheoutcomesofnegotiationsandthesuccessfornegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.

【答案】國(guó)際貿(mào)易以及海外投資的增長(zhǎng)促使了對(duì)具有語言知識(shí)和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出現(xiàn)。

交流包括說服和妥協(xié)，但是為了使交流者參與其中任何一項(xiàng)，談判代表必須要了解在談判的文化中怎么說服他人以及怎么妥協(xié)。

在國(guó)外的談判者看來，美國(guó)人代表的一個(gè)資產(chǎn)幾百萬的公司可以支付任何費(fèi)用，不用討價(jià)還價(jià)。

尤其能夠?qū)е驴缥幕`會(huì)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)是美國(guó)談判者的直接了斷和沒耐心。

為了鞏固彼此之間的關(guān)系，他們通常會(huì)采用間接交流的方法，而不去計(jì)較用于了解對(duì)方談判者的時(shí)間。

11.單選題

Thereislikelytobetensionbetweenlandlordandtenant,betweenlargelandownersandimpecuniouspeasants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.petty

B.modicum

C.impoverished

D.frolicsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)petty“瑣碎的；小氣的；小規(guī)模的”；B選項(xiàng)modicum“（n.）少量，一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)impoverished“窮困的；用盡了的，無創(chuàng)造性的”；D選項(xiàng)frolicsome“嬉戲的，愛鬧著玩的”。句意：地主和佃戶之間、大地主和貧窮的農(nóng)民之間可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)緊張關(guān)系。impecunious“沒有錢的；貧窮的”。C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

21-25

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.35million.

B.34million.

C.25million.

D.20million.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Author,professoranddreamer

B.Writer,professorandinsomniac.

C.Author,psychologistandinsomniac.

D.Dramatist,psychologistandscientist.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepingin8-hourconsolidatedblocks.

B.Sleepingduringdaytime.

C.Goingtobedsoonafterdark.

D.Twoblocksof4-hoursleepwithawakingbreak.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyhaveunnoticeablesleepingpatterns.

B.Becausetheysleepverylittle.

C.Becausetheyareinsensitive.

D.Becausetheycan’tcomplain.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sleepishighlyvariable,andwearsoutwithage.

B.Fallingasleepisagradualprocess.

C.Sleepinglesswillhelpyouloseweight.

D.Peopleneedtosleepeighthoursaday.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】Ourcultureisobsessedwithsleep,andthelackofit,yetmanyofusdon’tknowsomebasicfacts.(21)Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia,andyetin2006only$20millionwasspentonresearch.(22)Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniacGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insomniac”.Shelearnedalmostallthereistoknowaboutsleepandthelackthereof.Herearefivecommonmythsabouthowwegetourshut-eyeandwhy:

1.HumansNeedEightHoursSleepaNight

Therearemanywaysofsleepingandfewculturessleepineight-hourconsolidatedblockslikewedo.Untiltheindustrialera,manyWesternEuropeansdividedthenightinto“thefirstsleep”andthe“secondsleep.”(23)They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.Infact,there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.

2.SleepIsn’tJustaBodilyFunction

Sleepisabiological,physiologicalsystem,akintothecardiovascularsystem,thenervoussystemandsoon.(25)Likeanyothersystem,itishighlyvariable,anditwearsoutandgetsmorefragilewithage.

3.AnimalsDon’tHaveSleepProblems

Insomniaoccursinanimalsandinsects,too,sortof.Technically,(24)insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.

4.FallingAsleepIsaGradualProcessNope

Instead,formostpeople,itswitchesonandofflikealightswitch.Butforinsomniacsandnarcoleptics,theswitchdoesn’tworkquitewell.Insteadtheyinhabitthespaceinbetweenneverentirelyawake,norentirelyasleep.

5.SleepingLessBurnsMoreCalories

Intheshortterm,yes,butsleepinglessprobablywon’thelpyouloseweight.Lackofsleepsuppressesournaturalappetite-depressants,whilefuelingappetite-increasers,oftenleadingtoweightgain.

21.Accordingtothetalk,approximatelyhowmanyAmericanssufferchronicinsomnia?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：Asmanyas35millionAmericansexperiencechronicinsomnia，所以答案為A。

22.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGayleGreen?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：Inthesixyearsthatauthor,professorandlifelonginsomniaGayleGreenspentresearchingandwritingherbook“Insonmniac”.答案為B。

23.Whichofthefollowingsleepingpatternsmightbethemostintunewithourinherentbiologicalsystem?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：there’ssomeevidencetosuggestthatthissleeppatternmaybetheonemostintunewithourinherentcircadianrhythms.而這里的thissleeppattern指的就是前一句話說的睡覺模式：They’dgotobedsoonafterdark,sleepforfourhoursthenwakeforanhourortwoduringwhichthey’dwrite,pray,smoke,havesexorevenvisitneighbors.因而符合這一睡覺模式的是C。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whyisitdifficulttomeasureinsomniainanimals?

【解析】此題為細(xì)節(jié)信息再現(xiàn)題。文章中提到：insomniaisdefinedasa“complaint,”andsinceanimalscan’tcomplain,it’sdifficulttomeasureinthem.所以答案為D。

25.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowingistrue?

【解析】此題可以用排除法，文章中提出五個(gè)常見的對(duì)睡眠的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)。B、C和D正是其中的三個(gè)，因而A為答案。

13.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。layout“展示，安排”；layoff“解雇”；laydown“放下，制定”；layaside“擱置；儲(chǔ)蓄”。句意：美國(guó)的石油公司已經(jīng)開始有壓力。提煉廠工人和石油設(shè)備員工都被解雇了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.翻譯題

人類社會(huì)滄桑巨變，國(guó)際舞臺(tái)風(fēng)云變幻。聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)歷了種種考驗(yàn)，走過了不平凡的歷程。盡管地區(qū)動(dòng)蕩和局部沖突時(shí)有發(fā)生，但是各國(guó)更加重視以談判解決爭(zhēng)端。

【答案】Withthetremendouschangesofhumansocietyandtheinternationalrelations,theUnitedNationshavealsoexperiencedextraordinaryprocessaftersundrytests.Althoughconstantregionalchaosstillexist,oftenconflicted,countriespaymoreattentiontoresolvedisputesthroughnegotiations.

15.單選題

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“決心做，溶解”；B選項(xiàng)“離職，委托”；C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用，施加影響”；D選項(xiàng)“憑借，訴諸”。句意：無論他有多生氣，他都絕不會(huì)（）武力。這里根據(jù)句子，詞義應(yīng)該選訴諸，所以答案選D。

16.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》?！迸c第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當(dāng)奇特。當(dāng)人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或?qū)χ委煹倪M(jìn)展表示滿意時(shí)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象，病情總是會(huì)惡化?！笨赏浦狣項(xiàng)“對(duì)弗洛伊德觀點(diǎn)的介紹”正確。其他三項(xiàng)都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對(duì)治療過程的反應(yīng)是相反的?！焙蛅heygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們?cè)谥委熯^程中病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”?？芍狝項(xiàng)與B項(xiàng)正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個(gè)令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對(duì)恢復(fù)的抗拒，而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動(dòng)機(jī)是非常困難的，他堅(jiān)持更明顯的解釋，即通過分析治療并不是對(duì)他的病例的正確治療”?？芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Formultinationalcorporations,taxplanninghasbecomeextremelycomplexaffairs.Ithasbeenstatedthatnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertise.Therefore，inadditiontohavingtheirownexperts,MNCsrelyonheavilyonlocaltaxexpertsandlegalcounsel.

Taxeshaveaveryimportantimpactonforeigndirectinvestmentdecisions.Taxeswilldeterminethefinancialstructureofsubsidiary，andtheywillinfluencepricingdecisions.Theymayalsoleadtotheformationofholdingcompanies.AnMNCmaydecidetoestablishabranchratherthanasubsidiarybecauseofagiventaxsituation.Theabsenceofataxtreatybetweenthecountryofawould-beinvestorandthenationwhereaforeigninvestmentistotakeplacemightleadtocancellationofinvestmentplans.Anunfavorabledepreciationallowancemaykeeptheforeigninvestorout.ThisunitwilldealwiththedifferenttaxsystemsintheworldandtheirimpactonanMNC’sglobalstrategy.

Basically,anytaxsystemcanbedividedintodirectandindirecttaxes.Corporateandindividualincometaxesaredirect，value-addedtaxes，salestaxes，andimportdutiesareindirecttaxes.Corporateincometaxes(taxesleviedonearning)varyamongtheindustrializednations.France,theUnitedStates,Holland,Canada,andGermanyhaveratesofaround50percent;Italy，theUnitedKingdomandJapanhaveratesofbetween36and40percent.

Lessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxratesinordertoattractforeigninvestment.Thus,Brazilhasarateof30percent,andIndonesiahasa40percenttaxrate.Acorporatetaxisleviedontaxableearnings.Taxableearningsaremoresignificantthanthetaxrateitself.Theydeterminewhatcanbedeductedbeforethetaxiscomputed;inotherwords,theseitemsaretaxdeductible.Countriesdiffergreatlyindeterminingtaxableearnings.Someallowaccelerateddepreciation,wherebytheasset(usuallytheplantorequipment)iswrittenoffatasubstantiallyhigherrateduringthefirstyearsthaninthelateryears.Thisallowsforsmallertaxableearningsintheearlyyears.Othercountriesallowtax-freeinvestmentreserves.Theseareusedatalaterstageforinvestmentinundevelopedareasofcountriesoraresentwhencountriesareinarecession.

ArecenttypeoftaxthathaswonrecognitionintheEuropeanCommonMarketisvalue-addedtax(VAT).Thisisanationalsalestaxleviedateachstageofproductionoratthesaleofconsumergoods.Thetaxisassessedinproportiontothevalueaddedduringthatstage.Generally,manufacturinggoods,suchasplantandequipment,havebeenexemptedfromthistax.Inmostcases,fooditemsalsohavebeenexempted.

HereisanexampleofhowVATworks.Atreeownerwhosellspartofatreetoalumbermillfor$1mustsetasidetencentsVATtopaytothegovernment.Thelumbermillprocessesthetreeintobuildingmaterialandsellsthewoodfor$3toalumberwholesaler.Themilladds$2invalue，andthussetsaside10percentoftheaddedvalue,ortwentycents,topaytothegovernment.AndsotheVATcontinuesuntilthefinalsale.

TheVATsystemoffersadvantages,suchasrebatesonexports.Profitableandunprofitablefirmsaretaxedalike,asthereisnopossibilityoftaxdeductionstodeterminetaxableincome.Abadlyruncompanyis,therefore,forcedtoimproveorgooutofbusiness.Further,VATiseasytocalculateandcollect.ButVATisoftenaccusedofhavingcontributedtoseriousinflationincountrieswhereitwasintroduced,notablyinWesternEurope.

1.Taxsystemscanbedividedinto________.

2.Onearrivesattaxableearningswhen________.

3.Thereasonnomultinationalcorporationpossessestheultimatetaxexpertiseisthat___________.

4.WhichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofaVATsystem?

5.Whydidthelessdevelopedcountriesusuallyhavelowercorporatetaxrates?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incometaxesanddirecttaxes

B.indirecttaxesanddirecttaxes

C.value-addedtaxesandsalestaxes

D.importdutiesandsalestaxes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alltax-deductibleitemshavebeensubtracted

B.accelerateddepreciationisallowedfor

C.tax-freeinvestmentreservesareallowedfor

D.assetsarewrittenoff

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anMNCisnotall