考研考博-英語-廣州華立科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州華立科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound______inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.disregarded

D.abandoned

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項vanish“消失，突然不見，成為零”，B項scatter“撒播，散開，散布”，C項disregard“忽視，無視，不尊重”，D項abandon“遺棄，離開，放棄”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格部分是動詞的過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，與Thelostcar“丟失的汽車”形成被動關(guān)系，四個選項中只有abandon符合語境。句意：Lee的那輛丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.翻譯題

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者無論在情感上還是在理智上都著眼于未來，而不是執(zhí)著于過去。他們渴望創(chuàng)新，積極開拓。他們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，他們想要前進(jìn)去創(chuàng)造新事物。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不僅提供指導(dǎo)也提供答案，不僅給予力量而且樂于奉獻(xiàn)，他們說話既根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，也根據(jù)他們對所面臨的問題和一起共事的人的理解。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者處事靈活而不武斷。他們相信的是團(tuán)結(jié)而不是隨波逐流。他們力圖在沖突中達(dá)成共識。

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在于讓人們始終盡顯其能，幫助他們最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛力，并激勵他們朝著共同的目標(biāo)而努力。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在必要的時候能做出正確的決斷。

一個好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，一個卓有成效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，是一個尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個尊重組織上各級員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也會得到他人的尊重。所有這些都會激勵大家共同努力。

3.單選題

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.

Sharkshavebeengivingglobalcommunicationscompaniesheadachessincethe1980s.AccordingtotheNewYorkTime,afewsharkteethwerefoundplantedinacableoftheCanaryIslandsin1985.Everyyear,morethan50repairsareneededonunderseatranscontinentalcommunicationlinesduetodamagefromwildlife,fishingtrawlersandearthquakes,TheGuardianreports.

Google’sreinforcedcableswillbeinstalledaspartofanew$300millionsystemconnectingtheUnitedStatestoJapan,accordingtoapressreleasefromprojectpartnerNEC.ItwillresultinanInternetconnectionthatrelaysinformationacrossthePacificOceanat60terabytespersecond.That’sgoodnewsforInternetusers,butmaybethesharkshaveahiddenreason:Perhapsthey’resimplyfedupwithfear-mongeringdocumentariesthatcasttheminanegativelight.

1.Whatdoes“thesame”inParagraph1referto?

2.WhatisemphasizedinParagraph2?

3.Whydosharksbitefiber-opticcables?

4.Itcanbelearnedthatsharks（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Thekillersmakingsnacksoutoftourists.

B.Theriskofgettingeatenbysharks.

C.Theundeservedreputationofsharks.

D.Thesmallchanceofsharkattacks.

問題2選項

A.Thedamagetocablescausedbysharks.

B.Thecostofunderseacablelines.

C.Thefunctionofunderwatercameras.

D.Thedevelopmentofunderseacables.

問題3選項

A.Theymistakecablesforfish.

B.Theylikebitingcable-shapedobjects.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutcables.

D.Theyenjoythetasteofcables.

問題4選項

A.likebothcoppercablesandfiber-opticcables

B.prefercoppercablestofiber-opticcables

C.areattractedtofiber-opticcablesonly

D.areattractedtocoppercablesonly

問題5選項

A.Sharksarenobloodthirstykillers.

B.Howsharkspicksignalsfromcables.

C.Sharksbenefitfromelectricalfield.

D.Fiber-opticcablesaresharks’prey.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義猜測題。由“Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.（盡管被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險非常小，但在全球范圍內(nèi)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的水下光纜卻并非如此。）”可知，雖然人類被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險很小，但是水下光纜被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險卻并非如此。所以thesame表示被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險。A選項“鯊魚拿游客當(dāng)點心”；C選項“鯊魚被冤枉的名聲”；D選項“被鯊魚攻擊的幾率很小”都與上下文不符，因此B選項“被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險”正確。

2.主旨大意題。第二段的最后一句話說到“GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.（據(jù)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界》報道，谷歌產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理丹?貝爾徹在波士頓的市場營銷會議上透露了他們的防鯊魚努力。）”，說明為了防止鯊魚對電纜的破壞，人們做了很多努力，所以該段落更側(cè)重于暗示鯊魚對電纜造成的破壞。B選項“海底電纜線路的費(fèi)用”在第二段沒有表現(xiàn)出來；C選項“水下相機(jī)的功能”第二段沒有提到；D選項“海底電纜的發(fā)展”第二段也沒有提到。因此A選項“鯊魚對電纜造成的損壞”正確。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.（人們猜測鯊魚會將光纖電纜發(fā)出的高壓磁輻射與魚類發(fā)出的信號相混淆。）”，所以鯊魚會咬電纜是因為錯把它們當(dāng)成了魚類。B選項“它們喜歡咬電纜形狀的物體”文中沒有提到；C選項“它們對電纜很好奇”；D選項“它們喜歡電纜的味道”都與原文不符，因此A選項“它們把電纜錯當(dāng)成了魚”正確。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.（有趣的是，鯊魚似乎不會被海底的舊銅電纜所吸引。）”，由此可知，鯊魚只被光纖電纜吸引。A選項“銅電纜和光纖電纜都喜歡”；B選項“更喜歡銅電纜而不是光纖電纜”；D選項“只被銅電纜吸引”都與原文意思相悖，因此C選項“只被光纖電纜吸引”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了鯊魚對電纜光纖的破壞。A選項“鯊魚不是嗜血的殺手”文中并沒有側(cè)重講解；B選項“鯊魚如何從電纜中接收信號”文章也沒有提到；C選項“鯊魚受益于電場”說法錯誤；D選項“光纖電纜是鯊魚的受害者”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated.

Theliversservedashighroadsofearliestcommerce.Tradersusedboatsmadeofbundlesofrushestotransportgrains,fruits,fibers,andtextilesfromonevillagetoanother,transformingtheriversintothecentralspinesofnascentcommercialkingdoms.Tradeexpandedsurprisinglywidely;wehaveevidencesuggestingthat,evenbeforetheestablishmentofthefirstEgyptiandynasty,goodswerebeingexchangedbetweenvillagersinEgyptandothersasfarasIran.

Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworldforexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina.Thehistoryofearlycivilizationhasbeenshapedtoaremarkabledegreebytherelationshipofhumansandrivers.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageistoexplain（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsocialeffectsdidtheunpredictabilityofwatersuppliesinMesopotamiahave?

3.Theearliestgeometersweresupportedprimarilyby（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheemergenceofcomplexcivilizationsintheMiddleEastwasdependentuponthepreviousdevelopmentof（）.

5.TheauthorreferstoemergingcivilizationsinIndiaandChinaprimarilyinordertoemphasize（）.

問題1選項

A.howclimaticchangesledtothefoundingoftheearliestrecordedcities

B.theinfluenceofriverlifeonthegrowthofearlycivilizations

C.someoftherecentfindingsofresearchersintoearlyhumanhistory

D.thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongseveralancientsocieties

問題2選項

A.Itledtowarfareoverwaterrightsamongrivalvillages.

B.Itencouragedcooperationinthecreationofwatermanagementsystems.

C.Itdrovefarmerstosettleinfertilegrasslandsfarfromtheuncontrollablerivers.

D.Ithadtheactualeffectofincreasingthepopulationthere.

問題3選項

A.mechanicalartisans

B.tradersandmerchants

C.farmlaborers

D.landowners

問題4選項

A.basictechniquesofagriculture

B.symbolicsystemsforwritingandmathematicalcomputation

C.toolsforconstructinghousesquicklyandeasily

D.amethodforstoringandtransferringwealth

問題5選項

A.theimportanceofwatertransportationinthegrowthofearlytrade

B.therelativelyadvancedpositionenjoyedbytheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

C.therapiditywithwhichsocialsystemsdevelopedintheMiddleEastspreadtootherplaces

D.thecrucialroleplayedbyriversinthedevelopmentofhumanculturesaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹河流對于文明和發(fā)展的作用。因此B項“河流生命對于早期文明發(fā)展的影響”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是:下列哪項是美索不達(dá)米亞中供水的不可預(yù)測性所產(chǎn)生的社會影響?第三段指出:Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown(這種努力需要大量人員的前所未有的合作。只有十幾戶家庭的小村莊容易受到經(jīng)濟(jì)沖擊，但是在年長村民的指導(dǎo)下，這些村莊可能會學(xué)著在建立協(xié)調(diào)的水治理系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行人力資源共享，這吋候鄉(xiāng)村的安全和穩(wěn)定性以及繁榮度都得到了提升。在新的合作下，美索不達(dá)米亞的文明之種正被播散開來)。故選B“它激發(fā)了水資源管理體系創(chuàng)新的相互合作”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞geometers定位至第四段:Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackoflandholdingsandboundariesinfieldsthatwereperiodicallyinundated(同樣，早期的測量和估算方法，以及幾何學(xué)的初期發(fā)展，都是因為需要記錄土地的所有權(quán)和記錄被周期性淹沒的土地邊界范圍而刺激發(fā)展的。因此，最初幾何學(xué)主要是為了記錄土地的所有權(quán)和實際情況而發(fā)展的)。故選D“土地所有者”。

4.判斷推理題。題干為:中東地區(qū)的復(fù)雜文明的出現(xiàn)主要依賴于之前的哪項的發(fā)展？第一段指出:AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchanged...JedtoamorecomplexandadvancedfromofcivilizationinbothEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture(隨著中東地區(qū)的氣候變化，出現(xiàn)的狀況導(dǎo)致了復(fù)雜和先進(jìn)的文明形式?！?dāng)美索不達(dá)米亞的幼發(fā)拉底河變得更干旱后，產(chǎn)生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了擁有先進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的移民。即中東地區(qū)的先進(jìn)文明的發(fā)展有依靠農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的支持),故選A“基本的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”。

5.作者意圖題。題干為:作者談及印度和中國的文明出現(xiàn)主要是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)什么？根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段:Similardevelopmentswereoccurringatmuchthesametimealongthegreatrivervalleysinotherpartsoftheworld—forexample,alongtheIndusinIndiaandHwangHoinChina(同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所產(chǎn)生的類似的發(fā)展，比如：印度西北部河流，中國的黃河)。因此,文章中談及印度和中國，是為了說明河流同樣在這些國家的發(fā)展中起到的作用,因此D項“在世界各地人類文化的發(fā)展中，河流發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵的作用”正確。

5.單選題

Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.

問題1選項

A.intears

B.invain

C.inturn

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項intears“流著淚”；B選項invain“無效”；C選項inturn“輪流；依次；反過來”；D選項inall“總共，合計”。句意：醫(yī)生的所有努力都是______，病人很快就死了。根據(jù)語境，醫(yī)生的努力沒有成功救回病人，invain“無效”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Hewillsimplynotlistentoanybody;heis_______toargument.

問題1選項

A.imperceptible

B.impervious

C.impassable

D.blunt

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項imperceptible“（小得）無法察覺的”；B選項impervious“無動于衷的，不受影響的；不能滲透的”；C選項impassable“不能通行的（尤指因路況惡劣或被阻斷）”；D選項blunt“直言的；不鋒利的”。句意：任何人的話他都不聽，他對爭論_______。根據(jù)語境，這里指他不受別人所說的話的影響，所以impervious“不受影響的”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

7.翻譯題

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

(10*1=10)

Theworldsoaksincolor.Nottheprimarycolorsofspring,brittleordelicate,thereds,yellowsandbluesofaudaciousorself-effacingflowers.Autumntakesallthecolorsofspringandblendsandsoftensthemrichlytointenseshadesofpurple,crimson,bronze,amberandmahogany,displayedeithertapestry-wisesidebyside,ormergedinrichnewtones.Thetreesareresplendentincopperandgold,whilecorn-stackscrouchingabovethestubblegleamdeepyellowinsunlight.Greenoblongsdefinedbyhedgesfleckedwithscarletberriescontrastwithneatly-furrowedploughlands.Andmoorlandisspreadwitharoyalmassedembroideryofpurpleheatherbankedamongradiantgorse.

【答案】世界沉浸在色彩之中。不是春天的原色，脆弱或嬌嫩，也不是大膽或謙遜的花朵的紅、黃、藍(lán)。秋天吸收了春天的所有顏色，并將它們豐富地融合和軟化為紫色、深紅色、青銅色、琥珀色和桃花心木等強(qiáng)烈的色調(diào)，或以掛毯的方式并排展示，或以豐富的新色調(diào)融合。樹木被銅色和金色染得金碧輝煌，而蜷伏在茬子上的玉米堆在陽光下閃著深黃的光。紅色漿果點綴的樹籬勾勒出的綠色長方形與整齊犁溝的農(nóng)田形成了鮮明的對比。高沼地上散布著紫色石南的皇家刺繡，鑲嵌在閃閃發(fā)光的金雀花中。

8.不定項選擇題

“Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Idon’tknowwhatitis.It’snotembarrassment.Nothat’snotit.Yousee,you’reputtingyourheadinanoose;that’swhatitseemstome.”Derek,anarmedrobberwithalongrecordofjobs,wastalkingabouthoisting(shop-lifting).“NoIjustcouldn'tdoit.Imeanjustgoinginthere.”Hepausedtotrytofundamoreexactwayoffixing;hisantipathy.“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.”

Itseemedafannywaytoputit.Pushingacoupleoftiesinyourpocketatashopwashardlythelastwordinextroversion,andevenabitonthediscreetsidewhencomparedtoallthatfiringofshotgunsandvaultingovercounterswhichmadeupthetypicalbankraid.

Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.Afterafewconversationswithprofessionalholsters,Irealizedthat“blatant”wasjustaboutright.

Nobodytookacoupleoftiestheytookthewholerack.Thefastmemberofthegangwouldwalkinniceandpurposefully.Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.Then,winesomebodyelsedivertstheassistantorprovidessomefortofmasking,thethirdmemberliftsthelot.

Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds,andtherearealwaysacoupleofsparebodiestoobstructanyonewhoseemstobegettingtoonearthecarrier.

Storedetectiveswhomoveforwardwithwell-foundedsuspicionsmaystillfindthemselvesclutchingemptyair.Storedetectiveswatchforthreemaingive-sways:anysortofloiteringwhichlooksdifferentfromtheusualhangingaroundandditheringthatcharacterizestherealcustomer;anycovertcontactbetweenindividualsshownnoothersignofknowingeachother;anyover-friendlinesstowardssalesstaffwhichmightbeactingasadistraction.“There’soneotherlittleangle”saidonedetective.“Ioftenpoproundthebackstairs;that’swhereyou’lloccasionallyfindoneofthem;tryingtorelaxandgetthemselvesintherightmoodbeforestartingthenextjob.”

1.Thebankrobberwouldn’tconsidershop-liftingbecause（）.

2.Thewritersexperienceledtothinkthatmostshop-lifters（）.

3.Theroleofthefirstmemberofthegangisto（）.

4.Professionalshop-liftersavoidbeingcaughtintheactby（）.

5.Potentialshop-liftersmaybeidentifiedwhenthey（）.

問題1選項

A.itwasbeneathhisdignity

B.thepenaltiesweretoohigh

C.itwasn’tchallengingenough

D.therisksweretoogreat

問題2選項

A.wereattheirteens

B.stolemodestamounts

C.usedviolentmethods

D.stoleforexcitement

問題3選項

A.convincethestaffhe’saseriousshopper

B.removediegoodsfromtheshelves

C.establishtheeasiestgoodstosteal

D.smooththepathforhisaccomplice

問題4選項

A.passinggoodsfromonetoanother

B.hidingbehindordinaryshoppers

C.racingforthenearestexit

D.concealinggoodsinordinarybath

問題5選項

A.seemunabletodecidewhattobuy

B.openlysignaltoapparentstrangers

C.areunusuallychattytoassistants

D.setofftowardsemergencyexits

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。銀行劫匪不會考慮去做商店小偷，因為，選項A“這有失尊嚴(yán)”；選項B“懲罰太重了”；選項C“不夠挑戰(zhàn)性”；選項D“太冒險了”，根據(jù)文章第一段中銀行劫匪拒絕商店偷竊時所說的話“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.我告訴你，這個太厚顏無恥了”，所以由此可以推斷出銀行劫匪不愿意去商店偷竊的原因是他覺得這種行為很無恥，有失身份與尊嚴(yán)，故正確答案為選項A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。作者的經(jīng)歷讓他認(rèn)為大部分的商店偷竊者……選項A“都是十幾歲的青少年”；選項B“偷適量的東西”；選項C“用很暴力的方法”；選項D“為了刺激而偷竊”，根據(jù)文章第三段中對于作者經(jīng)歷的描寫“Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.在我的印象里，商店偷竊還是十幾歲時候的記憶，從當(dāng)?shù)貓罂ろ樖帜脦装谙闾?。偷的不多，但是罪惡感深重”，由此可知選項A錯誤，這里的“十幾歲”指的是作者十幾歲時候的記憶，而不是商店偷竊的是十幾歲的孩子；選項C、D原文中沒有提到；故正確答案為選項B。

第3題:推理判斷題。團(tuán)伙中第一波成員是干什么的，選項A“使店員相信他是真正來買東西的”；選項B“把商品從貨架上移下來”；選項C“確定最容易偷的東西”；選項D“為他的同伙鋪路”。根據(jù)文章中對第一波進(jìn)入商店的人的描寫“Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.”可知他們的工作是準(zhǔn)備好要偷的商品，他們會利用一些小技巧使要偷的商品便于同伙來拿，為同伙提供方便，選項B、C所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容只是他們可能做的工作之一，并不能代替全部工作，選項A不是他們的工作，由此可知正確答案為選項D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。職業(yè)商店偷竊者通過什么行為來避免被抓住，選項A“將商品互相傳遞”；選項B“藏在普通顧客身后”；選項C“跑向最近的出口”；選項D“把商品藏在浴缸里”，根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds…如果距離門口的路程太長，那么就會有其他人來接力，商品不會在每個人的手中停留超過幾秒鐘”，可見他們用來避免被抓住的辦法就是傳遞偷到的商品，不讓警察逮住現(xiàn)行，故正確答案為選項A。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。有偷竊嫌疑的人什么時候能被確定，選項A“似乎不能確定要買什么”；選項B“公開對陌生人發(fā)出暗號”；選項C“通常跟店員有很多話講”；選項D“準(zhǔn)備朝著緊急出口跑”，根據(jù)最后一段中警察的話，有三種可能的跡象：第一種是在商店里閑晃，表現(xiàn)得跟普通顧客不一樣的；第二種是假裝互相不認(rèn)識偷偷摸摸的交頭接耳的；第三種是對店員表現(xiàn)得格外熱情的，所以可以排除選項A、B和D，正確答案為選項C。

9.單選題

Theresultmeansthatthe______worldchampionhasextendedhisleadinthisseason’schampionship.

問題1選項

A.tramping

B.loitering

C.reigning

D.strolling

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項tramping為動詞tramp的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“踩，步行”，B項loitering為動詞loiter的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“閑蕩，虛度，盤旋”，C項reigning為形容詞，表示“統(tǒng)治的，在位的，本屆的”，D項strolling為形容詞，表示“巡回演出的，消閑散步的”?？崭裉幦鄙僖粋€定語修飾worldchampion“世界冠軍”，由此可知，四個選項中只有C項符合語境。句意：這一結(jié)果意味著這位衛(wèi)冕世界冠軍在本賽季的錦標(biāo)賽中擴(kuò)大了領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

10.單選題

Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturespointingoutthatlazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplexreasonsthansimplewishtoavoidwork.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreseriousproblems.Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybeparalyzedbyafearoffailurethatpreventsfruitfulwork.Orothersortsoffantasiesmaypreventwork;somepeoplearesobusyplanning,sometimesplanninggreatdealsorfantasticachievements,thattheyareunabletodealwithwhatever“l(fā)esser”workisonhand.Stillotherpeoplearenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaremerelyprocrastinating—reschedulingtheirday.

Lazinesscanactuallybehelpful.Likeprocrastinators(拖延者),somepeoplemaylooklazywhentheyarereallythinking,planning,contemplating,researching.Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurredbychanceorwhilesomeonewas“goofingoff(游手好閑)”,Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohavesomeone“l(fā)azy”buildthecarorstovewebuy,particularlyifthat“l(fā)aziness”werecausedbytheworker’stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.Andsometimes,being“l(fā)ady”—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest-isgoodforanoverworkedstudentor,executive.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultotheathletewhoistryingtoohardorthedoctorwho’ssimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings,attheclinic.Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

2.Thepassagestatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingconclusiondoesthepassagesupport?

4.Thefinalparagraphis______.

5.Theword“devised”inPara.2means______.

問題1選項

A.lazinessisamoralsin

B.thereareadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C.lazinessindicatesdeep-seatedemotionalproblems

D.lazypeopledomorecarefulwork

問題2選項

A.lazinessisadisease

B.somelazypeopleareinsecure

C.lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful

D.agooddefinitionoflazinessisemotionalillness

問題3選項

A.Thewordlazinessissometimesappliedincorrectly.

B.Mostofthetimelazinessisavirtue.

C.Mostassemblylineworkersarelazy.

D.Mostinsecurepeoplearelazy.

問題4選項

A.somber

B.humorous

C.serious

D.trite(陳腐的)

問題5選項

A.formulate

B.understood

C.wrote

D.proved

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段講了懶惰是一種罪惡，第二段又指出懶惰也會起到很大的作用，說明本文主要講的是懶惰的壞處和好處。因此B選項“懶惰有好處也有壞處”最能概括文章主旨。A選項“懶惰是一種道德上的罪惡”，C選項“懶惰表明了根深蒂固的情感問題”，D選項“懶惰的人做的工作更仔細(xì)”均不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Theymaybesodistrustfuloftheirfellowworkersthattheyareunabletojoininanygrouptaskforfearofridiculeorfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.（他們可能非常不信任他們的同事，以至于無法參加任何小組任務(wù)，因為害怕被嘲笑或擔(dān)心他們的想法被竊取。），說明懶惰表明了一種根深蒂固的情感問題。因此D選項“對于懶惰的一個很好的定義是情感疾病”正確。A選項“懶惰是一種疾病”，B選項“一些懶惰的人沒有安全感”，C選項“懶惰的好處多于壞處”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后兩句Sobecarefulwhenyou’retemptedtocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextbook.（所以當(dāng)你想說別人懶的時候要小心。那個人可能正在思考、休息或計劃他或她的下一本書。），說明有時形容別人懶惰并不準(zhǔn)確。因此A選項“懶惰這個詞有時被錯誤地應(yīng)用”正確。B選項“大多數(shù)時候，懶惰是一種美德”，C選項“大多數(shù)裝配線工人都是懶惰的”，D選項“大多數(shù)沒有安全感的人都是懶惰的”在文中均沒有提及，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段可知，作者用一種輕松詼諧的筆調(diào)把懶惰和成功聯(lián)系起來說明懶惰有哪些好處，觀點十分新穎。因此B選項“幽默的”正確。A選項“陰沉的”，C選項“嚴(yán)肅的”，D選項“陳腐的”均不符合題意，所以A,C,D錯誤。

5.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“devised”可以定位到文章第二段第三句Newtonwasn’tworkingintheorchardwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.（當(dāng)牛頓被蘋果砸到，發(fā)明了引力理論時，他并不在果園里工作。），說明“devised”在文中是指“發(fā)明”的意思。因此A選項“發(fā)明”正確。B選項“理解”，C選項“寫下”，D選項“證明”均不符合題意，所以B,C,D錯誤。

11.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsoftensentences.EachsentencehasfourpartsunderlinedandlabeledA,B,CandD.IdentifytheonechoicethatisnotacceptedinstandardEnglishandmarkyourchoicebyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

21.Afew[A]naturallyelementsexistinsuchsmall[B]amountsthattheyareknown[C]mainlyfromlaboratory-made[D]samples.

22.[A]Tostaywarmincoldweather,cold-bloodedanimalsmustexpose[B]itselfto[C]asourceofwarmthsuchas[D]directsunlight.

23.Asevereillness[A]whereshewas[B]justnineteenmonthsold[C]deprivedHelenKeller[D]ofbothhersightandhearing.

24.In[A]thewild,teaplantsbecome[B]treesof[C]approximatelythirtyfeetin[D]high.

25.Formanycenturies,sailors[A]reliedonechoes[B]towarnthemof[C]anotherships,icebergs,orcliffsin[D]foggyweather.

26.[A]Itisthe[B]interactionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurintheirlives,[C]thatarethemainfocusof[D]socialpsychology.

27.Itistruethat[A]therotationoftheEarth[B]onitsaxisisresponsible[C]withthealternationofperiods[D]oflightanddarkness.

28.Oneofthemostdifficult[A]questions[B]indefiningsleep[C]is“What[D]isthefunctionsofsleep?”

29.Seven[A]ofplanetsrotateinthesamedirection[B]astheirorbitalmotions,[C]whileVenusandUranusrotateinthe[D]oppositedirection.

30.Thetongueis[A]capableofmany[B]motionsandconfigurationsandplays[C]avitalroleinchewing,[D]swallowed,andspeaking.

【答案】21.A

22.B

23.A

24.D

25.C

26.C

27.C

28.D

29.A

30.D

【解析】21.考查形容詞和副詞的運(yùn)用。將naturally改為natural；后面的elements“要素”為名詞。記憶點：形容詞修飾名詞，副詞大多用來修飾動詞。

22.考查代詞的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。將itself改成themselves；句中指代的對象是animals，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，代詞也同樣需要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

23.考查從句引導(dǎo)詞的使用。將where改成when；后面的shewasjustnineteenmonthsold，用來特定表示那個時間段，而時間狀語從句用when進(jìn)行連接引導(dǎo)。where主要表地點。

24.考查固定詞組搭配。將high改成height；“inheight”表示“在高度上”，是固定搭配。

25.考查代詞的搭配。將another改成other；因為后面的ships是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，而another后面接單數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)改為other。

26.考查主謂一致。將are改成is；整句的大體結(jié)構(gòu)為（It’s…that…）ratherthan作為插入語，不充當(dāng)居中主要成分，theinteractionbetweenpeople才是本句的主語，為單數(shù)，故從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)。

27.考查詞組的固定搭配。將with改成for；beresponsiblefor“對……負(fù)責(zé)”，為固定搭配。

28.考查主謂一致。將is改成are，主謂一致；oneof接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。后面的主語為questions，故此句的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。

29.考查定冠詞的用法。在planets前添加the；在本句中的planets是特指太陽系中的九大行星，因此，需要加入定冠詞the。

30.考查連詞的一致性。將swallowed改成swallowing；句中playavitalrolein+動名詞，and連接所有動詞的使用形式需要一致。

12.單選題

Theword“sophism”hasanunfavorableconnotationandmeansarguingdeceitfully,