考研考博-英語-廣西生態(tài)工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西生態(tài)工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.unanimously

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。Instantaneously即刻，突如其來地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；spontaneously自發(fā)地；unanimously全體一致地。句意：雖然大多數(shù)夢顯然是自發(fā)的，但夢境可能是由外部影響引起的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。elevate"提升,舉起";facilitate"促進(jìn),幫助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激勵(lì)";provoke"驅(qū)使,激怒,煽動(dòng)"。句意：這篇論文將檢驗(yàn)有關(guān)聽力和第二語言習(xí)得的相關(guān)理論和研究成果,并找出有助于聽力的條件。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

Alcoholismanddrugaddictionhasalreadyreachedepidemicproportionsinthe21stCentury.Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety:forexamplethatpoorpeoplefrompoorneighborhoodsandethnicminoritiesaremorelikelytobeaddictedtoalcoholanddrugs.Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground.Anotherfactisthatdrugandalcoholrelatedcrimesareincreasingallovertheworld.

Therearemanyreasonswhyapersonmightfirsttrydrugs.Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.Peopletakedrugsandalcoholbecauseoftheelevatingorrelaxingeffectstheyhaveonthebodyotherwisepeoplewouldn’ttaketheminthefirstplace.

Butasthepersondevelopsahabit,thechemistryofthebrainstartstochangeandadapt,demandingmoreandmoreofthedrugasitresiststhediscomfortofwithdrawal.Thepersonbecomesanaddictandtheinitialmasonsfortakingthedrugsoonpaleinsignificanceastheneedfordrugsandoralcoholbeginstodominateeveryaspectoftheaddict’slife.Addictionsarelifelongillnessesthatareveryhardtotreat.Thedisturbingfactisthat1/3rdofpatientswhodoreceivetreatmentusuallyrelapsewithinoneyear.

Manyscientistsbelievethataddictionisrelatedtoourmostbasicinstinct,survival.Sincethebeginningoftimeourbrainhasevolvedtoensurethesurvivalofourspecies.Thebraincontrolsbehaviorbyrewardingactionsthatwillensuresurvivalofthespecies.Forexample,theintakeofnutrientssuchassugarsandfatsactivatetastereceptorsthatinturnactivatebrainrewardmechanisms.Theactivationofthesemechanismsproducescertainchangesintheindividualrangingfrombeinginamuchbettermoodtointensepleasureandeuphoria.Wearefarmorelikelytocontinuetoseekoutandeatthesenutrientsbecausethebrainrewardsusfortakingthenutrientsintothebodybyreleasingchemicalsthatmakeusfeelgood.

Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.

Butotherfarmoreharmfuldrugssuchasheroine,crackandcocainearebetteratactivatingbrainrewardsystems,producingafarmorepowerfuleffectcomparedtoafeelingofcalmnessorrelaxationaftereatingagoodnutritiousmeal.Theactivationismuchmoreintensecausingtheindividualtocravethedrugandtofocustheiractivitiesaroundtakingthedrug.Theabilityofaddictivedrugstostronglyactivatebrainrewardmechanismsandtheirabilitytochemicallyalterthenormalfunctioningofthesesystemscanproduceanaddiction.Howeversomepeoplebecomeaddictedwhileothersdonot.

Manypeopledrinkalcoholorsmokecannabisorevencocaineandotherillegaldrugsbutthisdoesnotnecessarilymakethemaddictsandnotalladdictshavethesameintensityofaddiction.Ithasbeenestimatedthatapproximately10%ofanypopulationofanycountrywilltendtohaveanaddictivenatureandbecomeaddictsofsomekind.Itistruethatthoughthatsomeraces,notablyNativeAmericanIndiansandEskimos,dotendtohavehigherratesofaddictionthanothersforreasonsthatarenotfullyunderstood.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhobecomeaddictsmaybehighlyintelligentandbeextremelymotivatedbutareunabletocontroltheiraddiction.Addictionisbynomeansdependentonintelligence.Someofthemostskilledandintelligentpeoplemightbecomeaddictseventhoughtheyarefullyawareofthedetrimentalnatureofcontinuingtotakedrugsoralcohol.

Thefactisthatstillwedonotknowwhysomepeoplebecomeaddictsandothersdonotalthoughtherearemanytheoriesthatreasonthatsomepeoplesimplyhavean“addictivepersonalitytype”—beingfarmoresusceptibletotherewardmechanismthatproducesaddiction—whileothersstillbelievethatitistheaddicts’lackofwillpowertorefrainfromtakingdrugsoralcohol.Thebiggestkillerthoughisaperson’sdenialofhisorhercondition,thattheybelievethattheydonothaveaproblem,donotseekhelpbutinsteadcontinuetheabuseuntiltheyhaveeitherlosteverythingordieasthebodycannotcopeandeventuallyshutsdown.

1.Inparagraph1,thewordmisconceptionsisclosestinmeaningto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whoismostlikelytobecomeaddictedtodrugsand/oralcohol?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,mostpeoplefirsttrydrugs,andalcoholbecause（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whymighttherebeaprobleminthebrain’snaturalrewardsystem?

5.Inparagraph7,thewordintensityisclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unprovedstatistics

B.wrongideas

C.truth

D.apprehension

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Onlypeoplewhohavethefinancialmeanstobuydrugsandalcohol.

B.Usuallyonlycriminals.

C.Addictiondoesnothaveapreference.

D.Anyonewhotriesdrugsandalcoholisimmediatelyaddicted.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnorealreason,itjusthappens

B.theyneedtoforgetaboutstress

C.everyonedoesit

D.peoplehavedifferentreasons

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausecaffeineisdangerousandstimulatesourmetabolism.

B.Peoplewillbecomeinstantlyaddictedtonicotine.

C.Someharmfulsubstancescanfoolthebrainintothinkingtheyaregood.

D.Somepeoplearenaturallymoreaddictivetodrugsalcoholthanothers.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.euphoria

B.level

C.result

D.desire

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。定位到文章第一段，Oneofthebiggestmisconceptionsaboutaddictionisthatitonlyaffectscertaingroupswithinsociety（關(guān)于成癮最大的誤解之一是，它只影響社會(huì)中的某些群體），wrongideas（錯(cuò)誤的想法）與misconception（誤解）意思最為接近，unprovedstatistics未經(jīng)證實(shí)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，真相事實(shí)，apprehension贊賞，因此選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位到文章第一段Thetruthishoweverthataddictionisblindtorace,colorandsocio-economicbackground（然而，事實(shí)是，上癮是無視種族，膚色和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的），意思就是上癮和經(jīng)濟(jì)、犯罪等是沒有直接關(guān)系的，而Addictiondoesnothaveapreference（上癮是沒有偏好的）與原文表達(dá)意義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。定位到文章第二段，Someofthesemightincludepeerpressurefromfriends,stressandpersonalitycharacteristics.（其中一些可能包括來自朋友的同輩壓力，壓力和個(gè)性特征）表明每個(gè)人都是有不同原因的，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。定位到文章第五段，Theproblemliesinthefactthattheserewardsystemsdonotonlyrewardtheintakeofharmlesssubstancessuchassugarsandfats.Somechemicalsactivatebrainrewardsystemsdirectly,bypassingthesensoryreceptorsmediatingnaturalrewards.Caffeine,alcoholandnicotineallactivatebrainrewardmechanismsdirectly.（問題在于，這些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)不僅獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)攝入無害的物質(zhì)，如糖和脂肪。一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)直接激活大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)，繞過調(diào)節(jié)自然獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的感覺感受器。咖啡因，酒精和尼古丁都能直接激活大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制）表明人類的大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)不能夠準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別攝入物質(zhì)是否有害，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.定位到文章第七段，…h(huán)avethesameintensityofaddiction…有相同上癮的程度，intensity意為程度，與level意義最為相近，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”,thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.D.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fighting,andsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.

Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oforevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderofhardnessandseethesocialsciencesasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialascomparedwiththerichrecordsofthesocialsystems,oreventhelimitedrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandhighlyinsecure.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause______.

2.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggestbecause______.

3.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystembecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable

B.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata

C.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences

D.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.newinformationisconstantlycomingin

B.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict

D.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到盡管我們對社會(huì)制度的認(rèn)識(shí)在許多方面不準(zhǔn)確，但也不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)徹底推翻（Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“關(guān)于社會(huì)制度的記錄更為可靠”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段第一句話提到我們對于天文宇宙（屬于自然科學(xué)）甚至地球地質(zhì)歷史的圖像形象都很容易發(fā)生受到革命性的變化，因?yàn)闀?huì)不斷有新的數(shù)據(jù)和理論出現(xiàn)來推翻之前的理論（Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,oforevenofearth'sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomesinandnewtheoriesareworkedout），由此可知自然科學(xué)之所以不斷變化是因?yàn)闀r(shí)刻有不同的理論出現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句話提到人類對于天文宇宙的記錄是非常有限的（Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatweseedistantthingsastheywerelongago,arelimitedintheextreme），所以人們對天文宇宙的了解很少。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Withourmagnificentnewcollegesoffurthereducation,thesuper-polytechnicsspringinguplikemushrooms,andourmuchvauntedincreaseofstudentsinfull-timeeducation,onevitalpointisbeinglefttousofeducationalthinking.Whatwillitearn?Because—sadasitmayseemtothosewhobelieveinits-mind-broadening,horizon-wideningandstaminatestingqualities—youcan'teateducation.Thereare39universitiesandcollegesofferingdegreecoursesinGeography,butIhaveneverseenanygoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised.OramIaloneinsuspectingthattheywillallreturntoteachGeographytoanothersetofstudents,whointurnwillteachmoreGeographyundergraduates?

OnlytenuniversitiescurrentlyofferdegreecoursesinAeronauticalEngineering,whichperhapsisjustaswell,inviewofthespeedwiththeaircraftindustryhasbeendispensingwithexcesspersonnel.Ontheotherhand,hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.Thereason?Universitymedicalschoolscanonlyfindplacesforhalforthosewhoapply.

ItseemstomethatthetimeisripefortheDepartmentofEmploymentandProductivityandtheDepartmentofEducationandSciencetogettogetherwiththeuniversitiesandproducearevisededucationalsystemthatwillmakeamoreeconomicuseofthewealthoftalent,applicationandindustrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.Theymightmakeastartbyreintroducingagenuine“General”CertificateofEducation.Inthedayswhenitmeantsomething,thiswascalledtheSchoolCertificate.Employerslikedit,becauseitindicatedproficiencyinEnglish,Arithmetic,ScienceandHumanities—inotherwords,thatyouhadanall-roundeducation.Youcoulduseitasaspringboardtohighereducation,butitactuallymeantsomethinginitself,ineveryindustryforchemicaltoclothing.

1.TheusefulnessofGeographycoursesisrestrictedmainlybecause（

）.

2.Incontrastwiththeaircraftindustry,hospitals

（

）.

3.“Industry”(Line4,Para3)means

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“noonewantstoknowabout”(Line5,Para.3)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therearenogoodjobsforGeographygraduatesadvertised

B.Geographygraduatescanonlybeteachers

C.GeographygraduatesarenotallowedtodothejobsrelatedtoGeography

D.Geographygraduatesarenotqualifiedformanyjobsduetothepoortrainingtheyreceivedinschool

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arefullofqualifiedpersonnel

B.havemorequalifiedpersonnelthanschools

C.needmorequalifiedpersonnelthantheycanget

D.needfewerpersonnelthanotherorganizations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.business

B.hardwork

C.trade

D.educationalsystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneknowsaboutthem.

B.Noonehastheideaoftheuseofthem

C.Thereisnointerestinordemandforthem

D.Thereisnouseinknowingaboutthem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“教育思想留給我們一個(gè)重要的問題。它能掙多少錢?對于那些相信教育能使人開闊思維、開闊視野、具備吃苦耐勞品質(zhì)的人來說這似乎很悲哀，因?yàn)榻逃⒉荒茏屇闾铒柖亲印！苯酉聛硪缘乩韺I(yè)的畢業(yè)生為例來說明這個(gè)問題，所以由此可以推斷，地理課程的實(shí)用性收到限制是因?yàn)榻逃膯栴}，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“hospitalcasualtydepartmentsthroughoutthecountryarehavingtoclosedownbecauseofthelackofdoctors.由于缺少醫(yī)生，全國各地的醫(yī)院急診室都不得不關(guān)閉?！庇纱丝芍t(yī)院需要比他們所能得到的還要更多的合格人員，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)下文的描述“industrycurrentlybeingfittedawayoncertificates,diplomasanddegreesthatnoonewantstoknowabout.目前，‘industry’正在提供沒有人想知道的證書、文憑和學(xué)位?！弊C書，文憑和學(xué)位都是涉及教育的，由此可推測“industry”指的是教育體系。

4.語義題。根據(jù)上一題可知，這里沒人想知道的是教育體系所提供的證書，文憑和學(xué)位。再根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，作者呼吁各部門一起改變現(xiàn)有的教育體系，并建議引進(jìn)真正通用的教育證書。說明人們對現(xiàn)在的教育體系所提供的證書，文憑和學(xué)位不感興趣而且也不需要。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

6.單選題

Inwhat（）toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.applies

B.accounts

C.attaches

D.amounts

【答案】D

【解析】辨析題。applyto應(yīng)用于；accountto對...做出解釋；attachto聯(lián)系；amountsto導(dǎo)致。句意：在最后一分鐘,

導(dǎo)致延遲處決的是委員會(huì)宣布應(yīng)急基金將使兩顆已使用多年的衛(wèi)星繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)consent“同意，準(zhǔn)許”；C選項(xiàng)abide“忍受”；D選項(xiàng)comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒絕遵守法律的人將受到懲罰。complywith意為“遵守”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Mostofthelocalpeopleinvolvedintheaffairhavebeen（）anddismissed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smuggled

B.prosecuted

C.saluted

D.thrived

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句中and連接空格和dismissed(解雇),因此B項(xiàng)prosecuted(檢舉，告發(fā))符合句意。

9.單選題

______aticketforthematch,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obtainingnot

B.Notobtaining

C.Nothavingobtained

D.Notobtained

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由后半句可知“他現(xiàn)在只能在家看電視”，即未買到比賽的票是既成事實(shí)，并且此事實(shí)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。主語he與動(dòng)詞obtain之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方擁有的是數(shù)百萬人的基因資料，而不是生物特征資料，會(huì)有什么不同呢?）可以推測出DNA信息為基因資料，指紋信息為生物特征資料，選B選項(xiàng)“生物特征識(shí)別的；基因的”；A選項(xiàng)“基因的；生物特征識(shí)別的”，C選項(xiàng)“基因的；基因的”，D選項(xiàng)“生物特征識(shí)別的；生物特征識(shí)別的”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分論述了貫穿金觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)于法醫(yī)DNA分型的三個(gè)誤解：首先，DNA分型只會(huì)引起罪犯的關(guān)注；第二，警方不會(huì)調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保護(hù)不被濫用；第三，從已知個(gè)體中收集更多的DNA樣本將破獲很多犯罪）可知A選項(xiàng)“普通人不會(huì)關(guān)心DNA分型”，C選項(xiàng)“警方不會(huì)調(diào)查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D選項(xiàng)“如果從已知的個(gè)體中收集更多的DNA樣本，很多犯罪將會(huì)被解決”和原文對應(yīng)；B選項(xiàng)“從個(gè)人身上收集的DNA樣本越多，偵破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一個(gè)關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明，而不是關(guān)于被捕者的法律地位）可知選A選項(xiàng)“是關(guān)于DNA取樣的法律地位的聲明”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于被逮捕者的法律地位的聲明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被簡單地看作是薩姆森訴加州案的自然結(jié)果，在這個(gè)案件中，基于假釋者作為有條件自由的主體地位的下降，在沒有搜查令或懷疑的情況下對他們進(jìn)行隨機(jī)搜查是合理的）可知C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)沒有搜查令就對假釋犯進(jìn)行隨機(jī)搜查的案件”錯(cuò)誤，薩姆森訴加州案才是一個(gè)沒有搜查令就對假釋犯進(jìn)行隨機(jī)搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在這段講述中，金并不是一個(gè)對基因隱私普遍不感興趣的宣言）可知D選項(xiàng)“是對基因隱私普遍不感興趣的聲明”和原文相悖。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果決定最高法院的問題是被逮捕者應(yīng)得到比“一般公民”更少的保護(hù)，那么似乎最高法院可以僅以這些理由作為其意見的依據(jù)。換句話說，最高法院可以說，“DNA檢測是對身體完整性的嚴(yán)重而重大的侵犯。但是，當(dāng)涉及到被捕者時(shí)，憲法允許國家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面。因此，《憲法》允許對被逮捕者進(jìn)行DNA取樣，盡管所涉入侵的情況很嚴(yán)重?！彼究梢詫⑦@一觀點(diǎn)作為只適用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的絕對例外加以隔離，并宣布守法公眾的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知選B選項(xiàng)“憲法允許對被捕者進(jìn)行DNA取樣”，原文所說是憲法允許國家以足夠令人信服的利益侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面，C選項(xiàng)“憲法允許國家侵犯身體隱私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A選項(xiàng)“DNA測試是對身體完整性的嚴(yán)重而重要的侵犯”和D選項(xiàng)“法院本可以僅以這些理由作為其意見的依據(jù)”是在最高法院的問題是被逮捕者應(yīng)得到比“一般公民”更少的保護(hù)的情況下成立，和題目相悖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disclosed“揭露的”；B選項(xiàng)created“創(chuàng)造的”；C選項(xiàng)disguised“偽裝的”；D選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別的”。句意：一個(gè)世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了革命性的理論，即夢是人們潛意識(shí)中欲望和恐懼……后的預(yù)示。A選項(xiàng)disclosed（揭露的）不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)created（創(chuàng)造的）不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Bycreatingvalue,apowerfulmessage,youcangetpeopletocometoyou,insteadoftryingto（

）themwithyourmessageandbrand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substantiate

B.authenticate

C.satiate

D.smother

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。substantiate“證實(shí)”；authenticate“鑒定”；satiate“充分滿足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通過創(chuàng)造價(jià)值和強(qiáng)有力的信息，你就能讓大家來到身邊，而不要嘗試用自己的信息和品牌讓來讓他們感到窒息。insteadof表轉(zhuǎn)折，而不要嘗試通過······可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)為貶義詞，故答案為D。

13.單選題

Themodernpoetshavegonebacktothefancifulpoemsofthe______poetsoftheseventeenthcenturyformanyoftheirimages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.transcendental

C.melancholic

D.metaphysical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)philosophical表示“哲學(xué)的”，B項(xiàng)transcendental表示“先驗(yàn)的，卓越的”，C項(xiàng)melancholic表示“憂郁的，抑郁的”，D項(xiàng)metaphysical表示“形而上學(xué)的，玄學(xué)派詩歌的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fancifulpoems（幻想的詩歌）可知，“玄學(xué)派詩歌的”符合語境。句意：現(xiàn)代詩人的許多意象又回到了十七世紀(jì)玄學(xué)詩人的幻想詩歌中。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Tradinginprivatesharesisgrowingrapidly,thoughit’shardto________exactnumbers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.boildown

B.pindown

C.turndown

D.countdown

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.boildown歸結(jié)，濃縮B.pindown確定，明確

C.turndown調(diào)低，調(diào)小D.countdown倒數(shù)，倒計(jì)時(shí)

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】空格處與下文的“exactnumbers（確切的數(shù)額）”構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓邏輯，it’shardtodosth.句式意為“很難做某事”，表示很難怎么樣確切的數(shù)額。though引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容所得出的某種預(yù)期應(yīng)與主句“內(nèi)部股票的交易正在迅速增長（growingrapidly）”之間存在相反的邏輯關(guān)系，說明該預(yù)期應(yīng)為“不清楚交易的增長情況”。通常來說只有確定了增長的數(shù)額，才能清楚交易的增長情況，由此可知從句部分所表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“很難確定確切的數(shù)額”。同時(shí)，由“exact（確切的）”也可推出應(yīng)該是“確定”一個(gè)具體的數(shù)額。pindown指準(zhǔn)確地表述或解釋某事物，因此B選項(xiàng)pindown“確定，明確”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)boildown“歸結(jié)，濃縮”指通過刪去不重要的部分使事物或信息變得更簡短精煉，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)turndown“調(diào)低，調(diào)小”指通過操作按鈕或開關(guān)等控制裝置來降低某物的音量、溫度等，不能和“確切的數(shù)額（exactnumbers）”進(jìn)行搭配；

D選項(xiàng)countdown“倒數(shù)，倒計(jì)時(shí)”指按從大到小的倒序數(shù)，可引申為密切注意在某一特定時(shí)刻或事件發(fā)生前還剩多少時(shí)間，不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】盡管很難確定確切的數(shù)字，但內(nèi)部股票的交易正在迅速增長。

15.單選題

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorld