考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復(fù);shield與from庇護(hù),使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營(yíng)救。句意：應(yīng)該用塑料布把樹(shù)裹起來(lái),以防止風(fēng)和霜凍。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

The（）forspeedingisafineofonehundredandfiftydollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.penalty

B.benefit

C.criticism

D.remedy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)penalty“罰款，罰金”；B選項(xiàng)benefit“利益，好處”；C選項(xiàng)criticism“批評(píng)，考證”；D選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救，療法補(bǔ)救”。句意：超速的懲罰是罰款150美元。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.翻譯題

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible，asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytheroles.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryroles,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.

【答案】努力是關(guān)鍵。只有當(dāng)我們坦然面對(duì)人生中的困苦，才有幸?？裳浴Ｕ缛~芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我們于人生中所獲取的滿足取決于我們?cè)诙喔叩木辰缰羞x擇我們所愿意面對(duì)的艱難困苦。羅伯特?弗羅斯特談到“以苦為樂(lè)”時(shí)，應(yīng)該也是這種想法。廣告中宣傳的幸福觀的致命缺點(diǎn)便是它試圖宣傳幸福唾手可得。

我們即使玩游戲也會(huì)有困難。我們之所以需要它，是因?yàn)闆](méi)有困難便沒(méi)有游戲可言。游戲便是讓其中的樂(lè)趣沒(méi)有那么容易得到。游戲的規(guī)則便是將苦難武斷地強(qiáng)加于人。當(dāng)有人破壞了這些樂(lè)趣，也意味著他總是會(huì)拒絕遵守游戲規(guī)則。下棋時(shí)，如果你隨心所欲地去更改規(guī)則，這樣很容易贏。但是游戲的樂(lè)趣就在于能夠在遵守規(guī)則的前提下贏。如果沒(méi)有困難，也就沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣可言。

4.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。obscure“費(fèi)解的，不清楚的”；indefinite“不明確的”；dubious“可疑的，不可靠的”；intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”。句意：很少有人聽(tīng)懂教授的講課，因?yàn)橹黝}讓人費(fèi)解。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thenewfindings,reportedbyU.S.andUKscientistsintheJournalofEpidemiologyandCommunityHealth,suggestthatformaldehydeinfoodpackagingmay（）yourfood,butthatdoesn’tmakeitdangerous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.contemplate

C.denounce

D.disrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)contaminate表示“污染，弄臟”；B選項(xiàng)contemplate表示“沉思，注視”；C選項(xiàng)denounce表示“譴責(zé)，告發(fā)，公然抨擊”；D選項(xiàng)disrupt表示“破壞，分裂，瓦解”。由句意可知，這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明食品包裝中的甲醛可能會(huì)污染食物，因此contaminate的詞義最符合句意。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。表示人口密集應(yīng)該用densely，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe（

）usthathewouldtryashardaspossible.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insured

B.guaranteed

C.assumed

D.assured

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保，一般指對(duì)事物的品質(zhì)或人的行為作出“擔(dān)?！保籥ssume假定，設(shè)想；assure保證，擔(dān)保，使確信，一般指：使人對(duì)某事感到肯定或放心。

句意：被選中參加比賽讓他感到很自豪，并向我們保證他會(huì)盡他最大的努力。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen____,anditwillnotbealongprocess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consequently

B.approximately

C.principally

D.spontaneously

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.consequently因此B.approximately大約

C.principally原則上D.spontaneously自發(fā)地

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯

【解題思路】由because可知，前后兩句之間是因果關(guān)系。因此空格處所在分句“它會(huì)____發(fā)生”是前文“不可能說(shuō)它將如何發(fā)生”的原因。因此，D選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”符合原句語(yǔ)義邏輯，因?yàn)槭亲园l(fā)發(fā)生的，所以不清楚它將如何發(fā)生。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】不可能說(shuō)它將如何發(fā)生，因?yàn)樗鼘⒆园l(fā)地發(fā)生，并且不會(huì)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。

9.單選題

Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwill（）thebasicconceptofgeometrybeinglearned.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.believe

C.understand

D.observe

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Make“制作，使”；believe“相信”；understand“理解，明白”；observe“觀察”。句意：觀察一個(gè)6到9個(gè)月大的嬰兒，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何學(xué)習(xí)幾何學(xué)的基本概念的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldnot______theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reconcile

B.comply

C.coincide

D.resign

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reconcile調(diào)和；使和解B.comply遵從；服從

C.coincide同時(shí)發(fā)生D.resign辭職；辭去（某職務(wù)）

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句“他們決定離婚”可推知，他們的分歧沒(méi)有和解，空格處表示“和解”符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】由于這對(duì)夫婦的分歧無(wú)法得到和解，他們決定離婚。

11.翻譯題

(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影響的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.

【答案】1.正如我們所見(jiàn)，如今社會(huì)醫(yī)療保健的重點(diǎn)已從治療疾病轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)防疾病。

2.這個(gè)人沒(méi)有生病，甚至可能沒(méi)有患上任何特定疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是我們可以想象他可以更健康。

3.傳統(tǒng)上，醫(yī)學(xué)并沒(méi)有區(qū)分那些僅僅是“沒(méi)有生病”的人和那些身體非常健康并且注意身體特殊需求的人。

4.健康的人注意營(yíng)養(yǎng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們非常重視關(guān)注自身的身體狀況。

5.通過(guò)關(guān)注健康的生活方式和概念可以對(duì)人們面對(duì)日常生活挑戰(zhàn)的方式產(chǎn)生積極影響。

12.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin______tohisincome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto表示“與……成比例，與……相稱(chēng)”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)占他收入相當(dāng)大的比例。

13.單選題

Formostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoroflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesourstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportant,theindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacorner;thatbecausemoreworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.

Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromtheinequalityatwork.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.

Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility;theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirownandtheothers’workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theyhavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexperience.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,it’strueaboutworkthat（

）

.

2.Whatadvantagedomanagershaveovertheotherworkers?

3.Workingconditionsgenerallyremainbadbecause（

）.

4.Whatfrustratestheworkersinamodernsociety?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.one’shappylifelargelydependsonwhetherhisworkisrewarding

B.concentratingonyourworkisacounselwhenyouareindespair

C.peopleshouldtrytoavoidtheintolerableunfairnessofwork

D.dignitybecomesmoreandmoreimportantthanwork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theycancontrolotherpeople’slives.

B.Theycanmaketheirowndecisions.

C.Theycanworkatwhateverintereststhem.

D.Theycangettimeofftoattendcourses.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theworkerslosetheirintereststochangethem

B.fewpeoplecandecidewhattodoaboutthem

C.officeworkerswanttoprotecttheirpositions

D.managersdonotwanttochangethem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirworkinterfereswiththeirprivatelives.

B.Theyareincapableofdoingtheirworkproperly.

C.Theyfeeltheyarejustasmallandsubordinatepartofit.

D.Theirlivesarecomplicatedduetotechnologicaladvances.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Fortheforeseeablefuture...thesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.”在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的將來(lái),工作所能提供的物質(zhì)和精神回報(bào)以及工作環(huán)境,將繼續(xù)在決定生活所能提供的滿意度方面發(fā)揮重要作用。也就是說(shuō),一個(gè)人的幸福生活在很大程度上取決于他的工作是否有回報(bào)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第三段的三四句“Theirjobsengagetheirinterest...theothers’workinglives.”他們對(duì)自己的工作感興趣,能夠發(fā)揮自己的才能。他們能夠履行職責(zé);對(duì)自己和他人的工作有相當(dāng)大的控制權(quán)。由此可以推斷,經(jīng)理的優(yōu)勢(shì)就是可以自己做決定,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerableforthemselvesbythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.”他們所有的工作生活都是在一種他們認(rèn)為無(wú)法忍受的條件下度過(guò)的,而作出決定的人卻讓這種條件繼續(xù)下去。這里“作出決定的人”指的就是經(jīng)理,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段最后幾句,大多數(shù)人對(duì)自己的工作幾乎沒(méi)有控制權(quán);沒(méi)有個(gè)人發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。通常生產(chǎn)是如此設(shè)計(jì)的,工人只是技術(shù)的一部分。在辦公室里,許多工作都是例行公事,以至于工人們理所當(dāng)然地覺(jué)得自己只是官僚機(jī)器的齒輪。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

14.單選題

Theschemeshouldbeinoperationbytheendoftheyear,andcompanieswillbedisciplined,evendisconnected,ifthey（

）phoninganyconsumerswhosenamesappearontheregister.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stayon

B.waitup

C.indulgein

D.persistin

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)stayon“繼續(xù)停留”；B選項(xiàng)waitup“不睡而等候”；C選項(xiàng)indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項(xiàng)persistin“堅(jiān)持；固執(zhí)于”。句意：該計(jì)劃將在今年年底前開(kāi)始實(shí)施，如果企業(yè)······給登記在案的消費(fèi)者打電話，它們將受到處罰，甚至被切斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接?！捌髽I(yè)給消費(fèi)者打電話”這一行為要受到懲罰的話，應(yīng)是“執(zhí)著于打電話”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)increase“增加”；B選項(xiàng)prolongation“延伸”；C選項(xiàng)expansion“闡述”；D選項(xiàng)growth“成長(zhǎng)”。句意：未來(lái)的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)能在多大程度上延長(zhǎng)人類(lèi)的壽命?選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

TheBostonMarathonisanannualmarathonsportingeventhostedbythecityofBoston,Massachusetts,onPatriots’Day,thethirdMondayofApril.Begunin1897andinspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics,theBostonMarathonistheworld’soldestannualmarathonandranksasoneoftheworld’smostwell-knownroadracingevents.ThemarathonisoneoffivemembersoftheWorldMarathonMajors.

Theeventattractsanaverageofabout20,000registeredparticipantseachyear.Inthe100thrunningoftheBostonMarathonin1996,thenumberofparticipantsreached38,000.Whiletherearecashprizesawardedtothewinnersofthemarathon,mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall.

TheBostonMarathonwasoriginallyalocalevent,butitsfameandstatushaveattractedrunnersfromallovertheworld.Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.However,corporate-sponsoredcashprizesbegantobeawardedinthe1980s,whenprofessionalathletesbegantorefusetoruntheracewithoutcashawards.Thefirstcashprizeforwinningthemarathonwasawardedin1986.

WomenwerenotallowedtoentertheBostonMarathonofficiallyuntil1972.Roberta(Bobbi)GibbisrecognizedasthefirstwomantoruntheentireBostonMarathon(in1966).In1967,KathrineSwitzer,whohadregisteredas“K.V.Switzer”,wasthefirstwomantorunwitharacenumber.Shefinished,despiteacelebratedincidentinwhichraceofficialJockSempletriedtoripoffhernumbersandejectherfromtherace.In1996theB.A.Aretroactivelyrecognizedaschampionstheunofficialwomen’sleadersof1966through1971.

Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.However,foreigndominanceoftheraceisnothingnew.Between1946and1967onlyoneAmerican(JohnJ.Kelleyin1957)wonthemarathoninanerawhenFinlandandJapanwerethedistancepowerhouses.

TheBostonMarathonisopentoallrunners,maleandfemale,fromanynation,buttheymustmeetcertainqualifyingstandards.Toqualify,arunnermustfirstcompleteastandardmarathoncoursecertifiedbyanationalgoverningbodyaffiliatedwiththeInternationalAssociationofAthleticsFederationswithinacertainperiodoftimebeforethedateofthedesiredBostonMarathon(usuallywithinapproximately18monthsprior).Prospectiverunnersintheagerangeof18-34mustrunatimeofnomorethan3:10:59(3hoursand10minutes)ifmale,or3:40:59(3hoursand40minutes)iffemale;thequalifyingtimeisadjustedupwardasageincreases.Forexample,a40-44yearoldmalecanstillqualifywithatimeof3:20:59.Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.

BesidestheOlympictrialsandtheOlympicmarathons,BostonistheonlymajorAmericanmarathonthatrequiresaqualifyingtime.ThusformanymarathonerstoqualifyforBoston(to“BQ”)isagoalandachievementinitself,makingita“people’sOlympicevent”.

1.Thefirstmarathoncompetitionbegan（）.

2.Mostofmarathonerstakepartintheraceto（）.

3.Theoriginalprizeawardedforwinningthemarathonin1800swas（）.

4.WhydopeoplecriticizethatAmericacan’ttrainbetterprofessionalrunnersthansomeothercountries?

5.WhocanparticipateintheBostonMarathonwithoutaqualifyingtime?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inBoston,Massachusetts

B.onPatriots’Day,1897

C.in1896SummerOlympics

D.ahundredyearsago

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.achievesuccess

B.wincashprizes

C.attractaudience

D.winanolive-branch-wovenwreath

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moneysponsoredbycompanies

B.aprofessionalstatus

C.afloralcirclemadefromolivetrees

D.bravefame

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostwinnersoftheracecomefromforeigncountries.

B.BecauseFinlandandJapanwerethestrongteamswithqualityathletes.

C.BecauseAmericanprofessionalrunningisfarbehind.

D.BecauseonlyoneAmericanwontheracebetween1946and1967.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Malerunners.

B.Femalerunners.

C.Charityraisers.

D.Amateurrunners.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“firstmarathoncompetition”可以定位到第一段第二句inspiredbythesuccessofthefirstmodern-daymarathoncompetitioninthe1896SummerOlympics（受到1896年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)第一個(gè)現(xiàn)代馬拉松比賽成功的啟發(fā)），說(shuō)明第一次馬拉松比賽在1896年的夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上。因此C選項(xiàng)“在1896年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在馬薩諸塞州的波士頓”，B選項(xiàng)“1897年愛(ài)國(guó)者日”，D選項(xiàng)“一百年前”說(shuō)的是波士頓馬拉松比賽的情況，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Mostofmarathoners”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句mostoftherunnersparticipatefortheaccomplishmentofhavingruntheraceatall（大多數(shù)選手都是為了參加比賽的成就感而參加的），說(shuō)明大多數(shù)選手參賽的理由是為了獲得成就感。因此A選項(xiàng)“獲得成功”正確。B選項(xiàng)“贏得現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”，C選項(xiàng)“吸引觀眾”，D選項(xiàng)“贏得一個(gè)橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“originalprize”可以定位到文章第三段第二句Formostofitshistory,theBostonMarathonwasafreeevent,andtheonlyprizeawardedforwinningtheracewasawreathwovenfromolivebranches.（在歷史上的大部分時(shí)間里，波士頓馬拉松都是免費(fèi)的活動(dòng)，而贏得比賽的唯一獎(jiǎng)品是一個(gè)用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)。），說(shuō)明最初比賽的獎(jiǎng)品是橄欖枝花環(huán)。因此C選項(xiàng)“用橄欖枝編織的花環(huán)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“公司贊助的錢(qián)”，B選項(xiàng)“職業(yè)地位”，D選項(xiàng)“勇敢的名聲”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句Inrecentyears,criticshavepointedtothedominanceofforeign-bornathletesintheevent(especiallyrunnersfromKenya)tobacktheirargumentsthatAmericanprofessionalrunningislaggingbehindtherestoftheworldintermsofproducingqualityathletes.（近年來(lái)，批評(píng)人士指出在這項(xiàng)賽事中外國(guó)出生的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，尤其是來(lái)自肯尼亞的運(yùn)動(dòng)員占主導(dǎo)地位，以支持他們的觀點(diǎn)，即美國(guó)職業(yè)長(zhǎng)跑在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)員方面落后于世界其他地區(qū)。），說(shuō)明批評(píng)美國(guó)沒(méi)有好的職業(yè)長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員的原因是外國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)常在這項(xiàng)比賽上獲勝。因此A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)比賽的大多數(shù)冠軍都來(lái)自外國(guó)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榉姨m和日本是擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的強(qiáng)隊(duì)”，D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵?946年至1967年期間，只有一個(gè)美國(guó)人贏得了比賽”都是美國(guó)長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員落后于其他地區(qū)的表現(xiàn)之一，不能完整概括批評(píng)美國(guó)的原因，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的職業(yè)長(zhǎng)跑遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國(guó)家”，原文說(shuō)的是在培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)員方面落后于其他國(guó)家，而不是整體遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于其他國(guó)家，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“qualifyingtime”可以定位到第六段，第六段最后一句說(shuō)到Anexceptiontothequalificationrequirementisawardedto1,250runnerswhoraiseapre-determinedlevelofsponsorshipforofficiallydesignatedlocalcharities.（1,250名為官方指定的本地慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌得預(yù)先設(shè)定贊助金額的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可免除資格要求。），說(shuō)明為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款的運(yùn)動(dòng)員可以免除參賽資格要求。因此C選項(xiàng)“慈善募捐者”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，B選項(xiàng)“女運(yùn)動(dòng)員”，D選項(xiàng)“業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

17.單選題

Forsomepeoplebroughtupinthisperiod,thehabitsof（）dutylastedforthewholeoftheirlifetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.capricious

B.callous

C.filial

D.elusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。capricious“任性的”；callous“無(wú)情的，麻木的”；filial“孝順的”；elusive“難懂的；難捉摸的”。句意：對(duì)于這個(gè)時(shí)期長(zhǎng)大的一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，孝順長(zhǎng)輩的習(xí)慣伴隨他們一生。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Schoolchildrenoughttobe（）totheirparentsandteachers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alien

B.transient

C.obedient

D.current

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alien“外國(guó)的；相異的”；B選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的；路過(guò)的”；C選項(xiàng)obedient“服從的；孝順的”；D選項(xiàng)current“現(xiàn)在的；最近的”。句意：學(xué)齡兒童應(yīng)該……父母和老師。句中主語(yǔ)是Schoolchildren，由關(guān)鍵信息totheirparentsandteachers“對(duì)其父母和老師”要服從。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。placid表示“平靜的，溫和的”。A項(xiàng)calm“平靜的，沉著的”，B項(xiàng)seedy“多種子的”，C項(xiàng)hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D項(xiàng)fake“偽造的”。句意：從飛機(jī)上看，西部大草原的草原幾乎像平靜的大海一樣一成不變。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

20.單選題

China’s（

）culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indivisible

B.intelligible

C.intangible

D.inalienable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indivisible“分不開(kāi)的，不可分割的”；B選項(xiàng)intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C選項(xiàng)intangible“難以形容（或理解）的，無(wú)形的（指沒(méi)有實(shí)體存在的資本性資產(chǎn)）”；D選項(xiàng)inalienable“不可剝奪（或分割）的”。由culturalheritage（文化遺產(chǎn)）及語(yǔ)境可知選C。句意：中國(guó)的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)該通過(guò)加大努力保護(hù)瀕危藝術(shù)而得到更好的保護(hù)。

21.單選題

Theydidconsiderableworkto（）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.instruct

B.acquaint

C.impart

D.dictate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。acquaintsb.withsth.使某人認(rèn)識(shí)某事。句意：他們做了大量工作，使美國(guó)人民了解拉丁美洲的基本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

22.單選題

Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.Inthelastfifteenyears,whileexecutiveremunerationrose,taxesinthehighestincomebracketwentdown.Millionairesarenowcommonplace.

Amiabilityisnotaprerequisiteforrisingtothetop,andthereareanumberofchiefexecutiveofficerswithlegendarybadtempers.Itisnottheboss’sjobtoworryaboutthewell-beingofhissubordinatesalthoughthemanwithmanyenemieswillbesweptoutmorequicklyinhardtimes;itisthecompanyheworriesabout.Hisbusinesssavvyissupposedtobebasedonintimateknowledgeofhiscompanyandtheindustry,sohegoeshomenightlywithafullbriefcase.Attheverytop—andonthewayup—executivesareexceedinglydedicated.

TheAmericanexecutivemustbecapableofenoughsmalltalktogethimthroughthesocialpartofhisschedule,butheisprobablynotahighlyculturedindividualoranintellectual.Althoughhiswifemaybeontheboardofthesymphonyoropera,hehimselfhaslittletimeforsuchpursuits.Hisreadingmaylargelyconcernbusinessandmanagement,despiteinterestsinotherfields.Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.

Thesedays,heprobablyattemptssomeformofaerobicexerciseto“keeptheoldheartinshape”andforthesamereasongoeseasyonbutterandalcohol,andsubstancesthoughttocontributetotakinghighlystressedexecutivesoutoftherunning.Buthisdoctor’sadmonitionto“takeiteasy”fallsondeafears.Helikestowork.Heknowsthereareyoungermennippingathisheels.

Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.Americahasgreatfaithinindividualtalent,anddynamicandaggressiveexecutivesaresoindemandthatcompaniesregularlyraideachother’smanagerialranks.

1.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

2.Theterm“aerobicexercise”(firstlineinsecondlastparagraph)isakindof（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecangatherthat（）.

4.Forexecutives,accordingtothearticle,agolfcourseisaplacewhere（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.promotiondependsonamiability

B.chiefexecutivesdonotworkhardenoughatthetoplevel

C.itisthedutyofthechiefexecutivetolookafterthewell-beingofhissubordinates

D.achiefexecutiveisexpectedtoknowmoreabouthiscompanyandtheindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hallucinationexercise

B.physicalexercise

C.meditationexercise

D.entertainment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therearetoomanyaggressiveexecutives

B.individualtalentisnotessentialforacompany

C.thejobofan“executivesearchfirm”iscorporatehead-hunting

D.itisnotcommonforcompaniestoundermineeachother’smanagerialranks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycanconducttheirbusiness

B.theycanindulgethemselves

C.theycancultivatetheirmind

D.theycanexerciseaswellassocialize

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Executivestendtoignoredoctors’adviceandwarnings.

B.Executivesaresensitivetopressurefromtheyoungergeneration.

C.Allchiefexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.

D.Executivesarecarefulofwhattheyeat.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A,B,C均表述錯(cuò)誤；只有選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語(yǔ)義辨析題。根據(jù)原文句意可知，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)能夠“保持心臟健康”，由此可推測(cè)這是一種身體的鍛煉，選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Corporatehead-hunting,carriedonby“executivesearchfirms”,isagrowingindustry.”可知選項(xiàng)C與原文相符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“golf”定位到第三段最后一句“Golfprovideshimwithasportiveoutletthatcombineswithsomeusefulsocializing.”高爾夫不僅提供了一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所，還結(jié)合了一些有用的社交活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Itisnotunusualforchiefexecutivestocollectmillionsofdollarsayearinpay,stockoptions,andbonuses.”高管們每年通過(guò)薪酬、股票期權(quán)和獎(jiǎng)金能獲得數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元，這并不罕見(jiàn)。原文并沒(méi)說(shuō)所有的主管都年入百萬(wàn)，選項(xiàng)C表述太絕對(duì)，所以不正確。

23.單選題

Paulwasso______abouthisbaldnessthatheworeahat,whetheritwaswinterorsummer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-composed

B.self-conscious

C.self-confessed

D.self-confident

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.self-composed鎮(zhèn)定的，沉著的B.self-conscious難為情的，自己意識(shí)到的

C.self-confessed自動(dòng)坦白的，公開(kāi)承認(rèn)的D.self-confident自信的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由baldness（禿頂）可知，Paul對(duì)此是難為情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】保羅對(duì)自己的禿頂感到很難為情，無(wú)論是冬天還是夏天，他都戴帽子。

24.單選題

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthe