考研考博-英語-天津體育學(xué)院運(yùn)動(dòng)與文化藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津體育學(xué)院運(yùn)動(dòng)與文化藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.asgroupsofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1960s

C.innocentinsanepatients’protest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段先是用DorotheaDix的事例引出美國心理健康運(yùn)動(dòng)啟蒙時(shí)期的發(fā)展，然后第二段談到了二戰(zhàn)以后精神疾病新的治療方法的進(jìn)步，隨后闡述了20世紀(jì)60年代以后美國精神衛(wèi)生保健發(fā)展的緩慢，以及精神病人失去了權(quán)利，最后討論到在司法的干預(yù)下，精神衛(wèi)生保健得到了一些積極的效果，但是還需要一些確保病人有良好護(hù)理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和審查機(jī)制。綜上所述，我們可知，整篇文章都是以歷史的角度來闡述美國的精神衛(wèi)生健康，所以A項(xiàng)“提供精神衛(wèi)生保健問題的歷史視角”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“提高公眾對精神病人困境的認(rèn)識”、C項(xiàng)“用精神病院的生動(dòng)描述使讀者震驚”和D項(xiàng)“描述精神疾病新療法的發(fā)明”都只是文章的一部分，屬于以偏概全。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

22.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對州醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)患者的態(tài)度可以用……來描述”。定位第一段最后一句Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.（精神病院變成了令人恐懼和壓抑的地方，病人的權(quán)利幾乎被遺忘），第二段第七句Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.（與此形成對比的是，精神病罪犯醫(yī)院里擠滿了被認(rèn)為是“瘋子”的人，他們經(jīng)常被嚴(yán)格地限制身體，并使用大劑量的鎮(zhèn)定劑，乖乖地待在自己的地方），以及第二段倒數(shù)第二句Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions（在許多州，他們被關(guān)押在可怕的機(jī)構(gòu)中），由frighteninganddepressing，obediently和horrendous這些詞可以看出，作者對州醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的患者是同情的態(tài)度，所以C項(xiàng)“理解和同情”正確。A項(xiàng)“僵硬和麻木”、B項(xiàng)“超然和中立”和D項(xiàng)“熱情和支持”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷，如果民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有引發(fā)對監(jiān)獄條件的調(diào)查，……”。定位到第二段第五句Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（當(dāng)時(shí)，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)帶領(lǐng)律師調(diào)查了美國的監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人比例相當(dāng)高，他們跟著囚犯進(jìn)入了唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機(jī)構(gòu)：精神病罪犯醫(yī)院），這里講到了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)帶領(lǐng)律師對美國監(jiān)獄進(jìn)行調(diào)查，他們進(jìn)入了比監(jiān)獄還糟糕的精神病罪犯醫(yī)院，接著就講到律師所看到的精神病罪犯的狀況，然后最后一句提到Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedWesboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.（在許多州，他們被關(guān)押在可怕的機(jī)構(gòu)中，這種不公正一旦暴露出來，勢必會(huì)震驚公眾，尤其是司法良知），綜合可推斷，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有引發(fā)對監(jiān)獄的調(diào)查是由于精神病罪犯醫(yī)院的狀況使其逃過了司法審查，D項(xiàng)“精神病院的狀況可能逃脫了司法審查”符合題意。定位到第一段第三句Bythemid-1800s,2stateshadestablishedasylums（到19世紀(jì)中期，已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)州建立了收容所）可知，A項(xiàng)“各州永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)為精神病患者建立收容所”表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。B項(xiàng)“主要精神疾病的新治療方法可能還沒有經(jīng)過測試”和C項(xiàng)“美國的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)在政治上是無效的”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主觀態(tài)度題。題干意思是“最后一段的基調(diào)可以用……來描述”。定位到最后一段首句Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.（司法干預(yù)確實(shí)產(chǎn)生了一些積極的效果，但人們越來越意識到，法院無法提供確保良好病人護(hù)理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和審查機(jī)制），由positive可知，這一段的態(tài)度是比較樂觀的，后面用了but轉(zhuǎn)折，可推知，最后一段基調(diào)是比較謹(jǐn)慎樂觀的，所以C項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎樂觀”正確。A項(xiàng)“過于情緒化”、B項(xiàng)“巧妙地欺騙”和D項(xiàng)“完全獨(dú)立”都不符合，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，由于……，精神病院的情況發(fā)生了根本性的變化”。定位第二段中的Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（當(dāng)時(shí)，民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)促使律師們調(diào)查了美國監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人人口不成比例，他們跟著囚犯進(jìn)入了唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機(jī)構(gòu)——精神病犯罪醫(yī)院），以及Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.（年輕的公益律師干部喜歡他們在精神病院的角色。律師們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)群體既被動(dòng)又容易爭取。畢竟，這些人不像罪犯，他們什么都沒做錯(cuò)。），可知，60年代早期，公民權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)促使律師調(diào)查美國的監(jiān)獄，后來又促使他們調(diào)查精神病院；在這些運(yùn)動(dòng)中，關(guān)注公眾利益的年輕律師們對精神病院很感興趣，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人震驚的現(xiàn)象。由此可知，精神病院狀況的改變是由于積極的年輕律師所起的作用，B項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)60年代活躍的年輕律師”正確。A項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)的一群憤怒的年輕人”是監(jiān)獄的犯人，和精神病院無關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。C項(xiàng)“無辜的精神病患者的抗議”屬于反向干擾，文中只提到監(jiān)獄的年輕人要求自己的權(quán)利，而精神病患者則是被注射鎮(zhèn)定劑，乖乖待在那里。D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)有力的法庭干預(yù)”屬于曲解原文，最后一段第一段提到的是judicialintervention（司法干預(yù)），并不是courtintervention（法庭干預(yù)）。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thisisadifficultjob,ifyoutryyourbest,youwilllearnhowtodoit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontime

B.behindtime

C.attimes

D.intime

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。ontime“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”；behindtime“遲到”；attimes“有時(shí)偶爾”；intime“及時(shí)”。本句意為“這是一份困難的工作，但只要你盡力，你就能很快學(xué)會(huì)的”，intime符合句意，表達(dá)“及時(shí)”的意思。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.翻譯題

正是因?yàn)椴煌５刈非筮M(jìn)取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來，如此連綿不絕，永無止境。對于往前看的人來說，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于瑣事且生命短暫，但我們生來就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會(huì)不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開始，而不是如何結(jié)束，在于我們的希冀。

【答案】Itisbecauseofthecontinuouspursuitofprogressthatwefeelhappyinourlife.Onethingalwaysleadstoanotherinanendlessseries.Forthosewholookahead,thereisalwaysanewworldinfront.Thoughwedwellonasmallplanet,engagedinchoresandashortlife,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.Whilethereislife,thereishope.Truehappinessliesinhowwebegin,nothowweend,inwhatwewantandnotwhatwehave.

4.填空題

Peopleareoften（1）whentheyseethatIhavefiveumbrellasintheroom.Thetruthisthattheyaren’tallmine.Severalvisitorshave（2）umbrellasintheoffice.Idon'tknowwhythis（3）

happening.MaybeIshouldputupa（4）bythedoorremindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo.

大意:當(dāng)他們看見房間里有5把傘的時(shí)候，通常會(huì)感到困惑。真相是，不是所有的雨傘都是我的。很多來訪者遺留到辦公室的。我不知道為什么一直會(huì)這樣。也許，我應(yīng)該在門口貼張便利貼，以提醒他們走的時(shí)候帶上雨傘。

【答案】1.puzzled

2.left

3.keeps

4.note

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)句中“當(dāng)他們看見房間里有5把傘的時(shí)候”推測,主句部分為:人們通常感到困惑。

2.詞匯題。句意:很多來訪者遺留到辦公室的。而且此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,即left。

3.詞匯題。句意:為什么這件事總在發(fā)生。空后為happening，因此填keep語義跟語法上都符合。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)后面的remindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo以及前面的putup推測此處應(yīng)填note(便利貼)。

5.翻譯題

據(jù)心理學(xué)家稱，樂觀和自信是健康的心理狀態(tài)所應(yīng)具備的要素。焦慮是一種心理問題，他源自對生活中的不確定因素的內(nèi)在恐懼，或者說是一種不安全感。繁榮的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中躁動(dòng)的消費(fèi)需求是某些人焦慮情緒產(chǎn)生的原因。名車、豪宅和優(yōu)越的生活被人們視為高檔的標(biāo)志。但是，由于多數(shù)人難以達(dá)到這樣的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有些人就會(huì)產(chǎn)生失落感。

然而，這種出于對金錢崇拜而產(chǎn)生的焦慮感并不具有代表性。對于多數(shù)人來說，引起焦慮的重要原因是高昂的房價(jià)、教育支出和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。人們生活在巨大的壓力之下，但是低廉并且增長緩慢的工資使他們看不到脫離困境的希望。有時(shí)似乎是機(jī)會(huì)多多，人們也會(huì)因此而產(chǎn)生焦慮。

【答案】Psychologistssaidthatconfidenceandoptimismaretheimportantelementsofahealthystateofmind.Nervousnessisamentalproblemandisresourcedfromaninneremotionalinsecurityoveruncertainfactorsinlife.Intheprosperousmarketeconomy,restlessconsumptiondemandsarethereasonforthenervousemotions.Brand-namecar,housesandsuperiorlifearethemarksofhigh-endlife.However,mostpeopletendtobedisappointedbecausetheycannotreachthislivingstandard.

Furthermore,suchnervousnessovermoneyworshipisnotrepresentative.Formostpeople,thenervousnessisresultedfromexpensivehouse,higheducationexpenditureandhighmedicalcost.Peopleliveunderthistremendouspressure,andtheycannotfindanyhopesofbeingliftedoutofthehardshipbecauseofthelowandslow-growingincomes.Sometimesthereseemstobemanyopportunities,butpeoplealsofeelanxiousaboutthis.

6.單選題

Incontrasttounmonitoredworkersdoingthesamework,（

）withoutexceptionidentifiedthemostimportantelementintheirjobsascustomerservice,themonitoredworkersandsupervisorsallrespondedthatproductivity（

）thecriticalfactorinassigningratings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which...are

B.who...was

C.that...were

D.which...is

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂一致。第一個(gè)空格指代前面句子中的名詞unmonitoredworkers。第二個(gè)空格處做賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，主語是productivity，因此只能用三單形式。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,[A]whereasourownhandwritingissomething[B]whichwe[C]almostalwaysknow.Webeginthenaturallearningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswe[D]goonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanyhourseveryday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.which

C.almostalways

D.goon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。在限制性定語從句中，先行詞是something等不定代詞時(shí)，要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。應(yīng)將B選項(xiàng)which改為that。

8.單選題

She（）toeveryonethatalthoughherfatherwasinjailshewasanupstandingcitizen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.venerated

B.veered

C.denounced

D.avowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B選項(xiàng)veer“使轉(zhuǎn)向；使順風(fēng)”；C選項(xiàng)denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)avow“承認(rèn)；公開宣稱；坦率承認(rèn)”。句意：她向所有人公開宣稱，盡管她的父親坐牢，但是她卻是一位正直的市民。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds―parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue（不斷積累）tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry（公民）.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney（includinglostwages）,isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits-astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylaws-governingchildren'swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

B.ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B.Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.去年春天，其中之一的澳大利亞放棄了這一可疑的區(qū)別，從2011年開始實(shí)行帶薪產(chǎn)假。我一點(diǎn)也不驚訝，這并沒有成為美國的新聞——我們現(xiàn)在是唯一一個(gè)沒有這樣的政策的富裕國家。”據(jù)此可知美國仍然沒有實(shí)行帶薪產(chǎn)假。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Infact,everystepoftheway,as（usually）Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.事實(shí)上，當(dāng)（通常）民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人試圖在法律中引入工作與家庭平衡的措施時(shí)，每一步都遭到了商業(yè)團(tuán)體的強(qiáng)烈反對?！睋?jù)此可知B項(xiàng)“遭到商業(yè)界的反對”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.正如耶魯大學(xué)法學(xué)教授安妮?奧爾斯托特（AnneAlstott）所指出的那樣，要證明父母支持子女的合理性，就必須將家庭定義為一種社會(huì)有利的單位，在某種意義上，社會(huì)必須為此買單?？芍狝nne教授認(rèn)為社會(huì)應(yīng)該支持parentalsupport，因?yàn)榧彝ナ菍ι鐣?huì)有利的單位，孩子良好的教養(yǎng)對社會(huì)有利。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“在美國，養(yǎng)育孩子的成本一直在增長?！焙虲項(xiàng)“美國應(yīng)該趕上其他發(fā)達(dá)國家?！币约癉項(xiàng)“孩子們需要持續(xù)的照顧”與Anne的觀點(diǎn)無關(guān)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.國家在管理兒童福利的大量家庭法律中認(rèn)識到這一點(diǎn)，但在履行社會(huì)強(qiáng)加的改變?nèi)松牧x務(wù)方面，父母幾乎得不到幫助?！睋?jù)此可知父母真正得到的來自該法律的幫助很少。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由第四段“Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry.把養(yǎng)育子女歸為沒有集體責(zé)任的個(gè)人選擇，不僅是忽視了良好養(yǎng)育的社會(huì)效益;實(shí)際上，它是在竊取這些福利，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)累積到整個(gè)社會(huì)，因?yàn)榻裉斓膬和瘜⒊蔀槊魈旄挥谐尚У墓??！睋?jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為良好養(yǎng)育能帶來社會(huì)效益，養(yǎng)育子女是社會(huì)的責(zé)任，是一種社會(huì)事業(yè)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。geton“上車；進(jìn)展”；getoff”脫下；下車“；getover”克服“；getin”進(jìn)入；陷入“。句意：經(jīng)歷一場棘手的離婚足以讓任何人放棄婚姻。但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段緊張而復(fù)雜的分手。句中but，因而存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明男性比女性更容易從分手中振作起來。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectsthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilynumbers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs？

2.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen（）

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）

4.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line4,Para.5)showsthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

B.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

C.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

D.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

B.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

C.areexposedtomorestress.

D.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.durableandfrequent.

C.irregularandviolent.

D.trivialandrandom.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

C.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？根據(jù)原文第一段的第二句Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen…（與男性相比，女性在面對壓力時(shí)特別容易患上抑郁癥和焦慮癥）以及第二段第一句Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.（對動(dòng)物和人類的研究表明，性激素會(huì)以某種方式影響應(yīng)激反應(yīng)，使處于壓力下的女性比處于相同條件下的男性產(chǎn)生更多的觸發(fā)化學(xué)物質(zhì)。）由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“從生理上來看，女性更容易受到壓力的影響”表述正確。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是：Dr.Yehuda的研究表明女性……。根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.（女性壓力大的原因除了是因?yàn)榧に卦黾訉?dǎo)致壓力大外，還因?yàn)樵黾恿嗽斐蓧毫Φ摹皺C(jī)會(huì)”。）由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)承受更多的壓力”正確。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，女性面臨的壓力往往是？根據(jù)第四段第二句…womenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.（女性所面臨的壓力更多是慢性或重復(fù)性的性質(zhì)。）由此可知，B選項(xiàng)的“持久的，頻繁的”符合原文表述。A選項(xiàng)“家庭內(nèi)部的，暫時(shí)性的”；C選項(xiàng)“不規(guī)律的，暴力的”；D選項(xiàng)“瑣碎的，偶然的”均不正確。

4.語義推斷題。題目問的是：“我生活在不停的支票支付中”是什么意思？根據(jù)原文第五段的內(nèi)容可知，Alvarez作為單身母親，有很大的生活壓力，她要照顧十幾歲的孩子，還要工作，付房租，付汽車費(fèi)用，還要還債務(wù)。由此可見，她的工資早已捉襟見肘，難以支撐家庭開支。選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是：這篇文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是？本文通過講述兩性在生理以及實(shí)際生活中的差異，描述了女性在壓力面前的表現(xiàn)，側(cè)重分析了女性壓力大的主要原因。A選項(xiàng)沒有集中于體現(xiàn)男女之間的差異，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)只是表明男女之間在壓力方面存在差異，并未側(cè)重表現(xiàn)女性要面對更多壓力；C選項(xiàng)表示只是屬于造成壓力的其中一個(gè)因素，不能概括文章全部內(nèi)容。因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenafineart.MaximeBocher,andeminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningofthiscentury,wrote:“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.”Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmostshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementsofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii,chords,sectors,tangents,diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegustoashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,notevenparalleled,and,Iwouldmakeboldtosay,nowevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse,nmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.Firstletusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverses.Hispoemfirstappealstothe