考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津城建大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津城建大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifwe（

）ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofraw

materials.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。diffuse“擴(kuò)散”；diminish“減少”；terminate“使終止，使結(jié)束”；preclude“排除，妨礙”。句意：如果我們結(jié)束與那個(gè)國(guó)家的關(guān)系，我們必須尋找其他原材料提供國(guó)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Someoftheonlineservicesarefree,whileothers（

）acharge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.cashier

C.coincide

D.collect

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”；B選項(xiàng)cashier“開(kāi)除，解雇”；C選項(xiàng)coincide“同時(shí)發(fā)生，相符，一致”；D選項(xiàng)collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，由Someoftheonlineservicesarefree（一些在線(xiàn)服務(wù)是免費(fèi)的）可知其它一些是收費(fèi)的，因此選D。句意：有些在線(xiàn)服務(wù)是免費(fèi)的，有些則收取費(fèi)用。

3.單選題

Lungcancerhasnowexceededbreastcancerasa____killerofAmericanwomen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preliminary

B.primary

C.potential

D.physical

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.preliminary初步的B.primary主要的

C.potential潛在的D.physical身體的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】修飾語(yǔ)與被修飾語(yǔ)的搭配

【解題思路】空格前后語(yǔ)義為“肺癌已經(jīng)超過(guò)乳腺癌成為美國(guó)女性的____殺手”?？崭裉幩钤~修飾的對(duì)象為“殺手”，根據(jù)句意，原文指的是，肺癌是美國(guó)女性去世的可能原因，C選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的”符合原文前后搭配。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的”，與“殺手（killer）”搭配不當(dāng)；

B選項(xiàng)primary“主要的”，原文沒(méi)有足夠的語(yǔ)義說(shuō)明，肺癌是美國(guó)女性死亡的主要原因，而只要她們可能因肺癌去世就可以說(shuō)“潛在原因”，因此，C選項(xiàng)更合適；

D選項(xiàng)physical“身體的”，與“殺手（killer）”搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】肺癌已經(jīng)超過(guò)乳腺癌成為美國(guó)女性的潛在殺手。

4.單選題

Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suit

B.furnish

C.regard

D.cater

【答案】D

【解析】cater?for為固定搭配,指迎合...,其他三個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)都是及物動(dòng)詞,不能直接跟介詞for。句意：人口稠密的地區(qū)是傳染病的滋生地。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.

1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?

2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.

B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.

C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.

D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.1846

B.1847

C.1848

D.1869

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.（作為該地區(qū)的自然地理中心，芝加哥成為一個(gè)巨大交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的十字路口）可知A選項(xiàng)“它位于生產(chǎn)區(qū)的中間”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.（1847年，密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系統(tǒng)在芝加哥相連，同年，伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運(yùn)河通車(chē)）可知伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運(yùn)河于1847年正式開(kāi)通，因此選B。

6.單選題

Scientistshavelongarguedwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.Inothermoraljudgments,brainimagingshows,regionsinvolvedinfeeling,notthinking,ruletheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasoverturnedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.Thatbringsustohypocrisy,whichisalmostridiculouslyeasytobringoutinpeople.

Inanewstudy,psychologistDavidDeStenoinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandstrangeroneoftwotasks:aneasyoneorahardone.Theneveryonewasasked,howfairlydidyouactfrom“extremelyunfairly”(1)to“extremelyfairly”(7).Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignments,andjudgedthatperson'sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show:87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguythedifficultone.Hypocrisy,however,showedupwithbellson:everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviorlessstrictly—onaverage,4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimself.

Thegapsuggestshowhypocrisyispossible.Whenwejudgeourownmisbehaviorslessharshly,DeStenosaid,itmaybebecause“wehavethisautomatic,gut-level(本能)instincttopreserveourself-image.Inourheart,maybewe'rejustnotassensitivetoourownimmoralbehaviors.Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.”

Totesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisy,DeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeradifficultone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractions,theyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thistactickeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelse,anditworked:hypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’，strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengaged,we’releftwithgut-levelreactions,andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.

Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourmisbehaviorsharshly,moralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstincts,whicharetoughertochangethanthinking.“Sinceit’sacognitiveprocess,wehavevolitional(意志的)controloverit,arguesDeSteno.Thewaytochangeheartsandmindsistofocusontheformer:appealtoourbetterangelsinthebrain’semotionareas,andtellcircuitsthataregoingthroughcognitivedistortionstoexcuseinourselveswhatwecondemninotherstojustshutup.

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,brainimagingisproofof（

）.

2.Theconclusiondrawnfromthefirstexperimentisthatpeople

（

）.

3.DeStenoattributesthesubjects’behaviorstothefactthatthey

（

）.

4.Thesecondexperimentprovesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionalbasisofmoraljudgments

B.emotion-drivenhypocrisy

C.reason-drivenhypocrisy

D.theEnlightenmentnotion

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.prefereasytasks

B.likepickingfaultsofothers

C.demandbothbenefitsandreputation

D.arehypocriticalinnature

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areself-centered

B.areinsensitivetomisbehaviors

C.haverealizedthatitcoststobemoral

D.havereasonedthathypocrisyisbeneficial

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.selfishnessistheresultofcognition

B.humanaremoralandfairbynature

C.moraljudgmentsaremadebycognition

D.judgmentsbyintuitionarereliable

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直在爭(zhēng)論，偽善是由情感驅(qū)動(dòng)還是由理性驅(qū)動(dòng)。在其他道德判斷中，大腦成像顯示，情緒在道德判斷中所起的作用所涉及的是情感而不是思維的區(qū)域，顛覆了啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀念。這給我們帶來(lái)了偽善，這在人身上幾乎是可笑的。可知腦成像是道德判斷的情感基礎(chǔ)，因此選A。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段介紹了心理學(xué)家們做的實(shí)驗(yàn)：實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象給自己和陌生人分配任務(wù)，并為自己和別人分配的公平性打分。得到的結(jié)果是：一方面，無(wú)私的現(xiàn)象完全沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，人們都為自己選擇了輕松的任務(wù)而把難的任務(wù)分給別人。另一方便，偽善倒是大張旗鼓地出現(xiàn)了，人們對(duì)自己的自私行為比對(duì)別人的自私行為更為寬容。因此從第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論是人們既要利益又要維護(hù)形象，選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Peoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoral,sinceitletsyouavoidcriticismandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob（人們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，看起來(lái)道德是值得的，因?yàn)樗梢宰屇惚苊馀u(píng)和內(nèi)疚。但更好的是，在不付出實(shí)際道德代價(jià)的情況下，表現(xiàn)得很有道德——比如給自己分配一份艱苦的工作）可知D選項(xiàng)“有理由認(rèn)為偽善是有益的”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplejudgedtheirown(selfish)behaviorasharshlyastheydidothers'...andweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers（人們像對(duì)待別人一樣嚴(yán)厲地判斷自己（自私的）行為……我們直覺(jué)地和同樣譴責(zé)自己和他人的不良行為）可知B選項(xiàng)“人的本性是道德的和公平的”符合題意。

7.單選題

2.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在對(duì)話(huà)中說(shuō)到難以入眠是因?yàn)镸yearsarealwaysringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。

8.單選題

Inthepackedhall,thepeoplesittingclosetome（

）meintothecomerlittlebylittle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dragged

B.drew

C.frightened

D.wedged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。drag“拖拉；拖曳”；draw“畫(huà)；拉；吸引”；frighten“使驚嚇；嚇?！?；wedge“楔入；擠進(jìn)”。句意：在擁擠的大廳，緊挨著我坐的人逐漸將我擠進(jìn)了角落。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereusedtobeathreathereyearsago,（

）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tit

B.usedn’tit

C.didn’tthereuseto

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反義疑問(wèn)句。Therebe句型的反義疑問(wèn)句必須用there進(jìn)行反問(wèn)，若be動(dòng)詞前沒(méi)有其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞修飾，則反義疑問(wèn)句用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式，如be動(dòng)詞前有其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞修飾，則反義疑問(wèn)句用該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式。本題的反義疑問(wèn)句部分為：usedn’tthere或didn’tthere，因此選D。句意：幾年前這里曾經(jīng)有過(guò)威脅，不是嗎？

10.單選題

Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise.Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.

Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.

1.Theword"spas"(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto（

）.

2.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor

（

）.

3.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?

4.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout

（

）.

5.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sportsactivities

B.placesforphysicalexercise

C.recreationcenters

D.athletictrainingprograms

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepromotionofaerobicexercise

B.enduranceandmusculardevelopment

C.theimprovementofwomen'sfigures

D.betterperformanceinaerobicdancing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Positive.

B.Indifferent

C.Negative

D.Cautious

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.howwelltheycoulddoinathletics.

B.whattheirhealthconditionwaslike

C.whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthem

D.whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slife

B.maywellaffectthehealthofthetrainees

C.willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocome

D.contributestohealthimprovementsaswell

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。"spas"所在句為::Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalizeonthisemerginginterestinfitness...(隨著上百萬(wàn)人投入到有氧操運(yùn)動(dòng)中，數(shù)以千計(jì)的healthspas在全國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展開(kāi)來(lái)，企圖在這場(chǎng)健身熱潮中獲利)。因此spas應(yīng)該指某場(chǎng)所,排除A、D。而文章討論的主題是健身運(yùn)動(dòng)而不是娛樂(lè)休閑，故答案選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)“健身鍛煉場(chǎng)所”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts(他們關(guān)注的不是有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，而是旨在培養(yǎng)男性愛(ài)好者肌肉質(zhì)量、力量和耐力的重量訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目),這里的their指的早期健身場(chǎng)所。因此選B“耐力和肌肉發(fā)育”。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章指出:Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits(這些健身場(chǎng)所井沒(méi)有從這場(chǎng)熱潮中獲得很好的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益因?yàn)獒t(yī)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，體重訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目對(duì)健康的益處很少（就算有的話(huà)）)。由此可見(jiàn)，醫(yī)學(xué)觀點(diǎn)（也就是醫(yī)生的觀點(diǎn)）對(duì)weighttraining的態(tài)度應(yīng)該是非常消極的，可以選擇C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞physicalfitnesstests定位至最后一段:Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics(過(guò)去，多數(shù)健康測(cè)試通常包含肌肉力量和耐力項(xiàng)目，這不是出于對(duì)健康的考慮，而是因?yàn)檫@些因素與體育競(jìng)技成績(jī)相關(guān)),因此選A“了解他們?cè)隗w育競(jìng)技中能獲得怎樣的成績(jī)”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell(然而最近有證據(jù)表明，主要用來(lái)提升肌肉力量和耐力的訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目對(duì)健康也是有好處的)。因此選D“負(fù)重訓(xùn)練對(duì)健康也是有好處的”。

11.單選題

Thedirectionwereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

ThomasAlvaEdison（）inventionsusingelectricityduringhislongcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.patentedwithmany

B.patentedformany

C.waspatentedmany

D.patentedmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查及物動(dòng)詞辨析?！皃atented”（取得……的專(zhuān)利權(quán)）為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不需要添加介詞，因此可排除A、B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“waspatentedmany”屬于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是主動(dòng)發(fā)明專(zhuān)利，因此D選項(xiàng)“patentedmany”符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。句意：托馬斯?阿爾瓦?愛(ài)迪生在他漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯中獲得了許多用電發(fā)明的專(zhuān)利。

13.單選題

Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseit（

）boththeoldandtheyoung.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.immerses

D.indulges

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)facilitate“促進(jìn)；幫助”；B選項(xiàng)fascinate“使著迷”；C選項(xiàng)immerse“沉浸；使陷入”；D選項(xiàng)indulge“滿(mǎn)足；沉溺；放任”。句意：馬戲團(tuán)一直都很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗芡瑫r(shí)……老年人和年輕人。馬戲團(tuán)能使老年人和年輕人都“著迷”，從而受歡迎。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Aremarkmaybecompletely（

）whenitispassedonthroughdifferentmouths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distorted

B.restored

C.recovered

D.misled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distort“歪曲，扭曲”；restore“修復(fù)，恢復(fù)”；recover“恢復(fù)，重新獲得”；mislead“誤導(dǎo)”。句意：當(dāng)一種說(shuō)法被不同人講述后會(huì)完全被扭曲。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)onthegroundof“因?yàn)椤保籅選項(xiàng)onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C選項(xiàng)inthelightof“鑒于”；D選項(xiàng)onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會(huì)已______處于解體。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指奴隸社會(huì)快要解體了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastoneear,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthinkthat’swhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthegovernmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededanincomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaveragepovertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomeforanon-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentoftheworker’snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernmentbenefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlytooldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthroughillness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurancepaymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-povertyprogram,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordonotgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvariousreasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructureofthesociety,butIdon’tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewillperhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,itperhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeopleinmostothercountries.

1.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause（）.

2.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesinadifficulthealthsituationchieflydueto（）.

3.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Para.2,Line6)torefertothosewhoare（）.

4.Theword“eligible”(Para.3,Line4)issynonymouswith（）.

5.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,tosomedegree,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

D.automation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthosebelowthepovertyline

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段說(shuō)到了原因“Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear…”，不僅汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量大，平均家庭持有量也很大，這就是原因。B選項(xiàng)“超過(guò)四分之一的家庭擁有兩輛車(chē)”由“morethanaquarterhavetwoeach”得出。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題要求找出“一千萬(wàn)美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的健康狀況很糟糕”的主要原因。文章第二段第三句說(shuō)到“Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor”，長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)應(yīng)被視為主要因素，C選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:3.詞義推測(cè)題。第二段是在說(shuō)造成一千萬(wàn)美國(guó)人健康狀況糟糕的原因，且說(shuō)到失業(yè)是主要因素，關(guān)鍵詞所處句子只是個(gè)例子，為了說(shuō)明上一句中“十分之九的失業(yè)是由工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的自動(dòng)化造成的”，說(shuō)明thedisplaced就是指由自動(dòng)化導(dǎo)致失業(yè)的人。A選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.詞義推測(cè)題。該詞出現(xiàn)在第三段第三句中“AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsizebelowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram”，本句表示“根據(jù)《社會(huì)保障法》，貧困線(xiàn)以下的家庭……從特別福利計(jì)劃中獲得福利”，既然是《社會(huì)保障法》中的條款，則保障的對(duì)象應(yīng)為貧困線(xiàn)以下的家庭，及這些家庭是“有資格的”，D選項(xiàng)worthy“配得上的；值得的”更合適。

第5題:5.推理判斷題。本題問(wèn)的是美國(guó)人比大多數(shù)其他國(guó)家人生活更好的原因，這一結(jié)論出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段最后一句，其前面一句給出了原因“socialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblemsoffeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline”，社會(huì)福利項(xiàng)目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的衣食住行問(wèn)題，D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)福利項(xiàng)目在一定程度上解決了貧困人口的問(wèn)題”符合文意。

17.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot______closeexamination.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faceupto

B.makeupto

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)faceupto“勇敢地面對(duì)”，B項(xiàng)makeupto“接近，奉承”，C項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”，D項(xiàng)lookupto“尊敬，崇拜”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞falsebanknotes“假鈔”和closeexamination“仔細(xì)檢查”可知，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：雖然這些假鈔騙過(guò)了很多人，但它們并沒(méi)有經(jīng)得起仔細(xì)的檢驗(yàn)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Myadviceisthatyou’llhavetoovercomeyour___ifyouwanttobecomeanurse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.humanitarianism

B.loftiness

C.squeamishness

D.compassion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“humanitarianism”，意為“人道主義”；B選項(xiàng)“l(fā)oftiness”，意為“高尚，驕傲”；C選項(xiàng)“squeamishness”意為“易惡心的，神經(jīng)質(zhì)”；D選項(xiàng)“compassion”，意為“同情，憐憫”。句意：如果你想成為一名護(hù)士，我的建議是你必須克服你的易惡心，因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“whimper”，意為“抽泣，吹口哨”；B選項(xiàng)“whim”，意為“心血來(lái)潮，突發(fā)奇想”，C選項(xiàng)“whirl”，意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)，回轉(zhuǎn)”，D選項(xiàng)“whistle”，意為“口哨，汽笛聲”。句意：最后，小男孩去上學(xué)了，并沒(méi)有多少抗議的念頭。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Becauseof（）waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incomprehensible

B.incomparable

C.inconceivable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incomprehensible“費(fèi)解的，無(wú)限的”，B項(xiàng)incomparable“無(wú)比的，不能比較的”，C項(xiàng)inconceivable“不可思議的，難以置信的”，D項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”；根據(jù)后文“這對(duì)夫婦相處起來(lái)有些困難”可知，D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：由于生活方式不相容，這對(duì)夫婦很難相處。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Oneminute.

B.Fifteenminutes.

C.Halfanhour.

D.Fiveminutes.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlast?

M:Justashortwhile.

W:Aminute,5minute,halfanhour?

M:Oh,nothalfanhour.

W:Howlongdoesitlast?

M:Aboutaquarterofanhour.

Q:Howlongdoesthemansaythepainlast?

【解析】男人最后說(shuō)的是“aquarterofanhour”,即15分鐘。故選B。

22.單選題

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（）availablethesedays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人電腦對(duì)普通人來(lái)說(shuō)不再遙不可及，現(xiàn)在電腦很容易買(mǎi)到。

考查副詞辨析。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；instantly立即地;readily容易地輕而易舉地；quickly迅速地。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

23.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople’scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker’shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerica.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreaterextent?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon’tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon’tsmoke

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon’tharmthem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking

B.Non-smokersmaydieofsecondhandsmoking

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaresickmoreoften

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease

C.Itwillinfluencetheirfuturelife

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后一句話(huà)提到美國(guó)每年大約有五萬(wàn)三千人死于二手煙（TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke），由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到點(diǎn)燃的香煙產(chǎn)生的煙霧含有許多不同的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)（Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals），接著提到即使不吸煙的人體內(nèi)也含有大量有害的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)（Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies），由此可知不吸煙的人之所以受吸煙人的影響是因?yàn)樗麄兾肓擞卸練怏w，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章講述了二手煙的危害，選項(xiàng)A“不吸煙的人被迫吸入二手煙”、選項(xiàng)B“不吸煙的人由于吸入二手煙而喪命”、選項(xiàng)C“我們所有人或多或少都會(huì)受到二手煙的影響”都能在文章中體現(xiàn)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章并沒(méi)有提到吸入二手煙的不良影響與精神疾病有關(guān)，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段最后一句話(huà)提到對(duì)于那些父母都吸煙的家庭中的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)甚至更高（Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

24.單選題

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichaltertheway