考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津交通職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津交通職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

The（

）windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevailing

B.controlling

C.reigning

D.persisting

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B選項(xiàng)controlling“控制欲強(qiáng)的”；C選項(xiàng)reigning“統(tǒng)治的”；D選項(xiàng)persisting“堅(jiān)持”。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)盛行的風(fēng)來(lái)自東北方向。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople’snutritionalstandardshavearisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendsaretwowhichhaveanadverseeffect.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichhastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsanddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce-bysuggestion-averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson’shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto（

）.

2.Advertisementsareaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintsbecause

（

）.

3.Paragraphs2and3explain

（

）.

4.InParagraph4theauthorillustrates

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.distinguishbetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyoftenwatchadsonTV

B.theyaremorelikelytobuythedrugsadvertised

C.theygenerallyleadasedentarylife

D.theydon’ttaketosportsandeasilycatchcolds

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatgoodthingsarenotwithoutsideeffects

B.whycleveradvertisingissopowerful

C.whyinmodemtimesself-medicationisstillpracticed

D.whypeopledevelopfaultywaysoflife

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonsforkeepingmedicinesathome

B.people’sdoubtabouttakingdrugs

C.whyitmaybeworsetotakedrugsbyoneself

D.thepossibleharmsself-medicationmaydotopeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-medication

D.Self-treatment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察推理判斷。文章第一段第一句occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving提到偶爾的自我治療已經(jīng)成了人們正常生活中的一部分，接下來(lái)又提到了由于近百年來(lái)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使得制藥跟買藥的現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越普遍，這些都是說(shuō)明自我治療已經(jīng)有一段很長(zhǎng)的歷史了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaintssuchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime提到廣告人將目標(biāo)定在那些得感冒或者咳嗽的人身上，因?yàn)榈眠@些小毛病的人都愿意在短時(shí)間內(nèi)自行買藥治療，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第二段提到科技進(jìn)步帶動(dòng)了醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，但是醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步又產(chǎn)生了兩個(gè)不利的影響，一是各種醫(yī)藥廣告盛行甚至導(dǎo)致過(guò)度服用藥物，二是久坐不動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，人們不愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)、過(guò)度飲食、抽煙等各種不好的生活習(xí)慣。文章第三段主要講述了聰明的廣告人針對(duì)有需要的人打廣告。這兩段講述了由于生活習(xí)慣，由于廣告的影響，人們?cè)敢馊ベI藥物自行治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文章第四段主要講述了自我治療是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致情況更遭：Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought，列舉出了很多情況，比如購(gòu)買的藥物可能有不恰當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧⑹褂谜邥?huì)依賴這些藥物、使用者可能過(guò)去食用等等。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察主旨大意。文章第一段講述了自我治療的歷史；第二段講述了自我治療出現(xiàn)的原因；第三段講述了廣告商對(duì)自我治療產(chǎn)生的影響；第四段講述了自我治療有可能會(huì)引發(fā)的問(wèn)題。由此可知，全文都是在講述自我治療。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Ihavelongbelievedthattroublebetweentheracesisseldomwhatitappearstobe.Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.AndIthinkpartofourconcernoveritcomesfromthefactthatithasthefeelofarelapse,illnessgoneandcomeagain.Butifweareseeingthesamesymptoms,Idon’tbelievewearedealingwiththesameillness.Foronething,Ithinkracialtensiononcampusistheresultmoreofracialequalitythaninequality.

HowtolivewithracialdifferencehasbeenAmerica’sprofoundsocialproblem.Forthefirst100yearsorsofollowingemancipationitwascontrolledbyalegallyapprovedinequalitythatactedasabufferbetweentheraces.Nolongeristhisthecase.Oncampusestoday,asthroughoutsociety,blacksenjoyequalityunderthelaw—aprofoundsocialadvancement.Nostudentmaybekeptoutofaclassoradormitoryoranextracurricularactivitybecauseofhisorherrace.Butthereisaparadoxhere.Onacampuswheremembersofallracesaregathered,mixedtogetherintheclassroomaswellassocially,differencesaremoreexposedthanever.Andthisiswherethetroublestarts.Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.Thesefeelingscouldliehiddeninthehome,infamiliarneighborhoods,insimplerdaysofchildhood.Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.Onourcampuses,suchconcentratedmicro-societies,allthatremainsunresolvedbetweenblacksandwhites,alltheoldwoundsandshamesthathaveneverbeenaddressed,presentthemselvesforattention-andpresentouryouthwithpressurestheycannotalwayshandle.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,（）.

2.Nowadaysracialtensiononcampusmostprobablystartswith（）.

3.Thephrase“comingintotheirown’’onLine8ofParagraph2probablymeans（）.

4.Whenyoungadultsentercollegeforthefirsttime,（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehavemisunderstoodthecausesofracialtension

B.peopledon’tunderstandthecausesofracialtension

C.racialtensionkeepsthesametypicalpatterninhistory

D.racialtensiononcampusisthesameasracialtensioninsociety

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.racialinequality

B.suddenawarenessofracialdifferences

C.whiteracism

D.racialinteractionandcompetition

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.enteringtheirownhomes

B.showingtheirownvalues

C.enteringtheirowncolleges

D.havingtheirownproblems

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theybringfreedomandexplorationtocampus

B.theysufferfromracialinequalityanddifferences

C.theybringwiththemfear,anxietyandotherfeelings

D.theysufferfromcompetitionsinbigexams

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.racialinequalityinAmericansociety

B.racialtensioninAmericansociety

C.racialequalityoncampusandinsociety

D.thecausesofracialtensiononcampus

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.校園種族矛盾與美國(guó)永恒的種族沖突的經(jīng)典模式-白人種族主義與黑人抗議是相同的?！笨芍N矛盾在歷史上有相同的模式。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人們誤解了種族緊張的原因”以及B項(xiàng)“人們不理解種族緊張的原因”是對(duì)“Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.在我第一次與學(xué)生交談后，不難看出校園里的種族緊張是一個(gè)誤傳自身的問(wèn)題?！钡那?。D項(xiàng)文中未提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.但大學(xué)校園,因其結(jié)構(gòu)為社交和成人水平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)——大型考試，宿舍，“大量混合”是另一回事。我認(rèn)為校園種族主義源于種族差異和校園環(huán)境之間的摩擦，校園本身致力于社交和平等?？芍缃裥@種族矛盾是源于社交和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttime…對(duì)于每一個(gè)不同種族的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們都是第一次離開(kāi)家來(lái)到大學(xué)…由此可知年輕人是第一次離開(kāi)家進(jìn)入大學(xué)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.對(duì)于每一個(gè)不同種族的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們都是第一次離開(kāi)家來(lái)到大學(xué),他們給這個(gè)自由，探索和平等的地方帶來(lái)了深深的恐懼和焦慮，以及還未完全發(fā)展的種族羞恥感，憤怒和內(nèi)疚感?！笨芍贻p人第一次進(jìn)入大學(xué)時(shí)，他們帶去了恐懼，憤怒，內(nèi)疚等感情。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要分析了校園種族矛盾的原因，即在一個(gè)微型的社會(huì)里（校園里）種族平等使以前未解決的問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在更加明顯地暴露出來(lái)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

4.單選題

IX.ForensicAppraisal

Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.

Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.AccordingtotheconventionalunderstandingofSBS,theapplicationofrotationalaccelerationanddecelerationforcestotheinfant’sheadcausesthebraintorotateintheskull.Abruptdecelerationallowscontinuingbrainrotationuntilbridgingveinsarestretchedandruptured,causingathinlayerofsubduralhaemorrhageonthesurfaceofthebrain.Retinalhemorrhageswerethoughttoresultfromasimilarcausalmechanism.Mostsignificantly,thetriadofsymptomswasbelievedtobedistinctlycharacteristicofviolentshaking.

Despiteitslingeringpresenceinthepopularimagination,thescientificunderpinningsofSBShavecrumbledoverthepastdecadeasthemedicalestablishmenthasdeliberatelydiscardedadiagnosisdefinedbyshaking.Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace,doctorsarenowinwidespreadagreementthatSBSisanunhelpfulcharacterization,andthatthepresenceofretinalhemorrhagesandsubduralhematomacannotconclusivelyprovethatinjurywasinflicted.

Althoughitmaybetemptingtoconcludesimplythatscienceevolves,andleavetheinquirythere,thestoryismorecomplex;anobjectlessoninscientificoverreachingandthechallengeofcorrection.

AnumberofforcescoalescedtotransformSBSfromacertaindiagnosisintoitscurrentstateofflux.Mostimportantly,inthemid-tolate-1990s,medicalresearch,includingtheSBSliterature,becamesubjecttoaheightenedlevelofscrutiny.Thenewevidence-basedmedicinestandardsrequireddoctorstoderivetheirresearchfrommethodsthatarescientificandstatisticallyrigorous.Thechangetriggeredareviewoftheevidencesupportinganumberofareasofmedicine,andincludedacomprehensiveefforttoexaminethescienceunderlyingSBS.

Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.

83.OnelearnsfromtheparagraphsthatSBSis___.

84.Thepresenceofthefollowingsyndromesmakesthedoctorsbelievethatababywasshakenhard,except___.

85.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thefollowingstatementisNOTcorrect___.

86.Onecanforeseethataftertherecentresearchresultbasedonevidence,___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adiseasethatcanbecaughtbyababy

B.asyndromethatcourtsusetochargeadefendantforababy’sdeath

C.asyndromethatdoctorslookattodeterminethecauseofababy’sdeath

D.anewdiscovery

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thebabywaslessthanoneyearold

B.retinalhemorrhaging

C.subduralhematoma

D.cerebraledema

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

B.thepreviousconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBSwasnotcorrect

C.theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinadifferentresult

D.themedicalliteraturepublishedafter1998containedadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusion

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theprosecutionofSBSdefendantwillnolongerexist

B.thepastconvictionofSBSwilldefinitelybeannouncedtobeerror

C.therewillprobablybechallengetopastconvictionforcorrection

D.doctorsaregoingtoabandonthetermSBS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】83.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句Asacategoricalmatter,thescienceofShakenBabySyndrome(SBS)cannolongersupportafindingofproofbeyondareasonabledoubtintriad-only(三聯(lián)征)cases—caseswhichrepresentasignificantnumberofSBSprosecutions.（作為一個(gè)絕對(duì)的問(wèn)題，嬰兒搖晃綜合征的科學(xué)不再支持在三聯(lián)征案件中無(wú)可置疑地找到證據(jù)——這些案件代表了大量SBS起訴）以及最后一段Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination:themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS.（將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)顯著的決定：1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知SBS是用來(lái)控訴被告造成嬰兒死亡的一種綜合征，選B選項(xiàng)“法庭用來(lái)指控被告造成嬰兒死亡的一種綜合癥”；A選項(xiàng)“一種可以被嬰兒傳染的疾病”，B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生通過(guò)觀察確定嬰兒死亡原因的一種綜合癥”和D選項(xiàng)“一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)”原文未涉及，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

84.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段第一句Inthepast,themerepresenceofretinalhemorrhaging,(視網(wǎng)膜出血)subduralhematoma(硬膜下血腫),andcerebraledema(腦水腫)wastakentomeanthatababyhadbeenshakenhardenoughtoproducewhatwereconceptualizedaswhiplashforces.（在過(guò)去，僅僅存在視網(wǎng)膜出血、硬膜下血腫和腦水腫就被認(rèn)為是嬰兒受到了足夠大的震動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生了所謂的鞭打力）可知B選項(xiàng)“視網(wǎng)膜出血”，C選項(xiàng)“硬膜下血腫”以及D選項(xiàng)“腦水腫”這些癥狀的存在使醫(yī)生相信嬰兒被用力搖晃，不符合題意，排除；A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒不到一歲”原文未涉及，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

85.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知A選項(xiàng)“1998年以前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法得出確定的結(jié)論”和B選項(xiàng)“先前關(guān)于與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面的結(jié)論是不正確的”描述正確，最后一段開(kāi)頭Theapplicationoftheevidence-basedframeworktotheSBSliteratureresultedinaremarkabledetermination（將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)顯著的決定），結(jié)合下文可知這個(gè)顯著的決定和以往的內(nèi)容不同，因此C選項(xiàng)“將循證框架應(yīng)用于SBS文獻(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了不同的結(jié)果”描述正確；D選項(xiàng)“1998年之后出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了足夠的科學(xué)證據(jù)來(lái)得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論”在最后一段未提及，屬于過(guò)度推斷。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

86.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句Putsimply,herechangehasraisedtherealpossibilityofpasterror.（簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，這里的變化增加了過(guò)去錯(cuò)誤的真正可能性）以及最后一段最后一句themedicalliteraturepublishedpriorto1998containedinadequatescientificevidencetocometoafirmconclusiononmostaspectsofcausation,diagnosis,treatment,oranyothermatterspertainingtoSBS（1998年之前出版的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)包含了不充分的科學(xué)證據(jù)，無(wú)法就與SBS有關(guān)的因果關(guān)系、診斷、治療或任何其他問(wèn)題的大多數(shù)方面得出堅(jiān)定的結(jié)論）可知最近的研究結(jié)果可能會(huì)讓過(guò)去的定罪產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑，選C選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)對(duì)過(guò)去的定罪提出質(zhì)疑”，A選項(xiàng)“SBS被告的起訴將不復(fù)存在”和B選項(xiàng)“SBS過(guò)去的定罪肯定會(huì)被宣布為錯(cuò)誤”屬于過(guò)度推斷，排除；第三段Althoughnosinglenomenclaturehasemergedinitsplace...（雖然沒(méi)有一個(gè)單獨(dú)的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)代替它……）只能推斷出沒(méi)有另外的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)代替SBS，無(wú)法得知SBS是否會(huì)被醫(yī)生放棄，D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生們將放棄術(shù)語(yǔ)SBS”不符合原文，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thechildrencouldnot（

）laughingatthesightofthemonkeyssittingcross-leggedwithacigaretteinhismouth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventfrom

B.refrainfrom

C.leaveoff

D.holdonto

【答案】B

【解析】句意:看見(jiàn)猴子嘴刁香煙盤腿而坐的時(shí)候，孩子們?nèi)滩蛔《夹α恕?/p>

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。preventfrom防止,阻止,預(yù)防;refrainfrom忍住,抑制;leaveoff停止,中斷;holdonto保持住,抓住不放。因此B符合句意。

6.單選題

（）sentfromFloridaforallthechildreninCabinSix.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acrateoforangeswere

B.Acrateoforangewere

C.Acrateoforangewas

D.Acrateoforangeswas

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。acrateof“一箱；一筐”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化要看有多少crate，多于一箱的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；被修飾的名詞的變化還要看這個(gè)名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果可數(shù)且為單/復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的用單/復(fù)數(shù)。題中orange“橘子”為可數(shù)名詞。句意：從佛羅里達(dá)寄來(lái)了一箱橘子給6號(hào)船艙的所有孩子。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒裝句用法。根據(jù)句意，前半句與后半句均表示否定含義，因此后半句用nor引導(dǎo)。nor后應(yīng)接倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Thepurchaseofahouseandacarhasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkers,alongwithholidaysoverseas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aspiration

B.inspiration

C.attraction

D.tenacity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aspiration“渴望；抱負(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)inspiration“靈感；鼓舞”；C選項(xiàng)attraction“吸引力；引力”；D選項(xiàng)tenacity“韌性；固執(zhí)”。句意：買房買車已經(jīng)成為新一代白領(lǐng)的······，當(dāng)然還有去國(guó)外度假。句中的“買房買車”、“去國(guó)外度假”符合“渴望”的內(nèi)容。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thereisaboystudentdownstairs（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wantstoseeyou

B.whomwantstoseeyou

C.whichwantstoseeyou

D.hewantstoseeyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為boystudent，表示人，一般用that或who，故排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。當(dāng)therebe開(kāi)頭的句子，其主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句?？墒÷躁P(guān)系代詞。句意：樓下有一個(gè)男學(xué)生想見(jiàn)你。故A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ifallthevirusesontheplanetweretodisappear,aglobalcatastrophewouldsupervene,andthenaturalecosystemsoftheearthwouldcollapse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.ensue

C.disperse

D.hamstring

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.contaminate污染；弄臟B.ensue接著發(fā)生；因而產(chǎn)生

C.disperse分散，散開(kāi)D.hamstring妨礙；使不能正常工作

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thenaturalecosystemsoftheearthwouldcollapse（地球的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將會(huì)崩潰）可知，該句說(shuō)的是因?yàn)樗械牟《鞠Ф嗬^產(chǎn)生的后果，那么aglobalcatastrophewouldsupervene表示的是“全球性的災(zāi)難將會(huì)發(fā)生”，supervene在句中表示“發(fā)生”的意思，B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】如果地球上所有的病毒都消失了，一場(chǎng)全球性的災(zāi)難將會(huì)發(fā)生，地球的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)將會(huì)崩潰。

11.單選題

Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury（）whatheatis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mandidknow

B.didmanknow

C.manknew

D.didn'tmanknow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝。notuntil位于句首時(shí),

句子要倒裝,

即將助動(dòng)詞提前。結(jié)構(gòu)為Notuntil+助動(dòng)詞+（主句）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);antagonism對(duì)抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意：雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對(duì)抗對(duì)立和猜疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Investigatorsbelievethefirewascausedby（）electricalwiring.Theysaidthebuilding’swiringhadnotbeendonebyaprofessionalelectrician.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sober

B.faulty

C.prompt

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sober“清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)faulty“錯(cuò)誤的”；C選項(xiàng)prompt“敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)fussy“愛(ài)挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認(rèn)為火災(zāi)是由錯(cuò)誤的電線引起的。他們說(shuō)，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的。本句表示錯(cuò)誤的電線布線。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto（）whatcouldhavehappened.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rehearse

B.reiterate

C.reinforce

D.reenact

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞辨析。rehearse“排練”；reiterate“重申”；reinforce“增強(qiáng)”；reenact“重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他們倆都注視著犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)技術(shù)人員對(duì)各種纖維取樣、裝袋、去除灰塵、提取指紋、拍照，并且試圖重現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生的事情。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart.excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography'sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonorPoppaintingduringthe1960's.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity——inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,the19lbcenturydefendersofphotographystressedthatphotographywas（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someseriouscontemporaryphotographersmaketheclaimthattheirphotographs

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

B.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

C.anartcomparabletopainting

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld

B.canbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhocoulddevotetotheactivity

C.areimportantbecauseofthesubjectbutnottheresponsesoftheviewers

D.exhibitthesameprinciplesusedinpainting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansasart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modernartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)心的是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Throughoutthenineteenthcentury，thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.整個(gè)19世紀(jì)，攝影的辯護(hù)都是力爭(zhēng)將攝影確定為藝術(shù)”和第二段中“Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.具有諷刺意味的是，雖然已經(jīng)確鑿無(wú)疑被認(rèn)為是一種藝術(shù)，但許多攝影家認(rèn)為把攝影稱之為美的藝術(shù)是矯揉造作或名不副實(shí)的。”以及全文在講“在不同的歷史背景下，當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影是藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”確定C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史的背景中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘據(jù)作者說(shuō)，19世紀(jì)攝影的捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.為了反駁攝影是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的沒(méi)有靈魂的機(jī)械復(fù)制的指責(zé)，攝影家斷言：恰恰相反，攝影是觀看事物的一種特有形式，是對(duì)普通視覺(jué)的一種背離，是一種與繪畫(huà)有同樣價(jià)值的藝術(shù)?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“一種堪比繪畫(huà)的藝術(shù)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，一些嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師聲稱他們的照片……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自己——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，作者最可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一個(gè)……？’根據(jù)第二段中“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.它表明了他們對(duì)現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加給他們的藝術(shù)概念是多么地想當(dāng)然：藝術(shù)越好，它對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大。”確定D選項(xiàng)“一種現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，顯示了試圖顛覆藝術(shù)盛行的現(xiàn)代主義趨勢(shì)”正確。

16.翻譯題

中國(guó)民族自古以來(lái)從不把人看作高于一切，在哲學(xué)文藝方面的表現(xiàn)都反映出人在自然界中與萬(wàn)物占著一個(gè)比例較為恰當(dāng)?shù)牡匚唬墙y(tǒng)治萬(wàn)物的主宰。因此我們的苦悶，基本上比西方人為少為??；因?yàn)榭鄲灥膹?qiáng)弱原是隨欲望和野心的大小而轉(zhuǎn)移的。農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)的人比工業(yè)社會(huì)的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。況且中國(guó)古代素來(lái)以不滯于物，不為物役為最主要的人生哲學(xué)。

【答案】Sinceancienttimes,theChinesenationalitieshaveneverthoughthumanbeingstobesuperiortoanyotherspecies.Theirperformancesinbothphilosophyandliteraturereflectthatmanoccupiesarelativelyappropriateproportionwithallothercreaturesinthenaturalworld,ratherthanbeingthedominantruler.Therefore,generallyspeaking,oursufferingisbasicallylessthanthatofwesternpeople,fortheintensityofone’sdepressionliterallychangesalongwith