考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州科技職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州科技職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B選項(xiàng)derive“源于；得自；獲得”；C選項(xiàng)elude“（尤指機(jī)智地，巧妙地）避開，逃避，躲避；使無(wú)法得到；使無(wú)法達(dá)到；使不記得；使不理解”；D選項(xiàng)evade“逃避；規(guī)避；逃脫”。句意：我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)我們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和投資者從中___的價(jià)值來(lái)判斷。本句表達(dá)“投資者從中獲得的價(jià)值”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Asaglobalinstitute,MobileStudies-connectspolicy-makers,practitionersandprofessorsofmobilemediaandcommunicationacrossculturesandcountries.Leveragingitscombinedacademicandindustrialexpertise,MobileStudiesoffersitsuniqueservicestothemobileworld.Interdisciplinaryandcomparativeinapproach,MobileStudies,sharesacademicresearchwiththemobileindustry,industryinsightswith-theacademiccommunity,andtimelyenlightenmentwiththemobilepublic.

Solution-orientedandindustry-based,ourstudiesfocusonidentifyingissuesandlocatingsolutionsbesidestheoreticalconstructionsandpolicyrecommendations.Interdisciplinaryandcomparative,theresultsofourstudiesaresharedthroughMobileCampus,co-organizedMobileWorkshopsandotherchannelstooffercustomizedcoursesandservicesfromdifferentperspectives.

Believeitornot,mostpeopledon'tbreathecorrectlyandthiscancontributetoafeelingoflethargy.Butbyusingthediaphragm-themusclethatinflatesanddeflatesthelungs—youinhaleandexhalemoreefficiently.Consciouslyrelaxyourjaw,throat,shouldersandupperchest.

AmusicshowfromHunanSatelliteTVnamedI'maSingerhasbeengainingpopularitysincetheheatfromVoiceofChinagraduallycooled.Theshowinvitesprofessionalmusicianstocompete.Ratherthanusingthetraditionallyunderdogs-become-famousformat,itisuptothe500audiencememberstodecidethefateofthestarsonstage.

Let'scheckouthowtheadaptionofaclassiclovesongtorock'n'rollintroduceustotheemotionalworldofrockmusic.

【答案】作為一家全球性機(jī)構(gòu)，移動(dòng)研究所將跨文化和國(guó)家的移動(dòng)媒體和傳播的決策者、實(shí)踐者和專家聯(lián)系起來(lái)。憑借其綜合的學(xué)術(shù)和行業(yè)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，移動(dòng)研究所為移動(dòng)世界提供了特殊的服務(wù)。運(yùn)用跨學(xué)科和比較的方法，它與移通信行業(yè)分享學(xué)術(shù)研究，與學(xué)術(shù)界分享行業(yè)見解，并適時(shí)啟發(fā)廣大移動(dòng)公眾。

以解決方法為導(dǎo)向，以產(chǎn)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)，我們的研究注重發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和找到解決方案，并提供理論建設(shè)和政策建議。利用跨學(xué)科和比較的方法，通過(guò)移動(dòng)校園、聯(lián)合舉辦的移動(dòng)研討會(huì)和其他渠道，我們的研究成果被分享（通過(guò)移動(dòng)校園、聯(lián)合舉辦的移動(dòng)研討會(huì)和其他渠道共享我們的研究成果），以便從不同的角度提供定制課程和服務(wù)。

不管你信不信，大多數(shù)人呼吸方式都不正確，這會(huì)讓人昏昏欲睡。但是通過(guò)橫膈膜——使肺部充盈和收縮的肌肉——你可以更有效地吸氣和呼氣。有意識(shí)地放松你的下巴、喉嚨、肩膀和上胸部。

隨著中國(guó)好聲音的熱度逐漸退去，湖南衛(wèi)視的一檔名為《我是歌手》的音樂(lè)節(jié)目越來(lái)越受歡迎。演出邀請(qǐng)?jiān)S多專業(yè)音樂(lè)人士參賽。與使用傳統(tǒng)的“草根到歌手”的模式不同，這檔節(jié)目中由500名觀眾來(lái)決定臺(tái)上明星們的命運(yùn)。讓我們來(lái)看看由一首經(jīng)典情歌改編成的搖滾樂(lè)如何將我們帶入充滿激情的搖滾樂(lè)世界中。

3.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.vanished突然消失；絕跡B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格前后語(yǔ)義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)____在高速公路旁的樹林里。”根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)義可知，丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里，C選項(xiàng)abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。

4.單選題

（）ofthischangeistheappearanceofthetwobooksunderreview.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Indicative

B.Suggestive

C.Symptomatic

D.Expressive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:Indicative“象征的；指示的；表明的”；B:Suggestive“提示的；暗示的”；C:Symptomatic“有癥狀的；癥候的”；D:Expressive“表示的，有表現(xiàn)力的”。句意：審查中的這兩本書的出現(xiàn)反映了這個(gè)變化。beindicativeof“指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句為表語(yǔ)前置，完全倒裝。因此A最合適。

5.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章回答了下列哪個(gè)問(wèn)題?’根據(jù)第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會(huì)問(wèn)：它是怎樣到達(dá)樹頂?shù)哪?？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚壓力理論解答了“水移動(dòng)到樹頂端的原因?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“水如何到達(dá)樹的頂端”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘第一段中提到的第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了什么?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動(dòng)到相當(dāng)高的高度。”確定B選項(xiàng)“植物的莖的細(xì)胞不能抽水”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘植物學(xué)家是如何知道根壓并不是推動(dòng)植物水分流動(dòng)的唯一力量的?’根據(jù)第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根壓完全不足以將水推到樹頂。此外，作為最高樹木之一的針葉樹，其根壓也低得異乎尋常。”確定A選項(xiàng)“一些非常高的樹木有微弱的壓力”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章支持下列哪個(gè)陳述?’根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根據(jù)目前為人們所接受的內(nèi)聚壓力的理論，水是被拉到上面去的?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變他們有關(guān)水在植物中移動(dòng)的理論”正確；也由此知A選項(xiàng)“水是被推到樹的頂端的”和C選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力把水吸到高大樹木的頂端”不正確，排除；根據(jù)第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但許多實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在殺死所有細(xì)胞的植物莖干中，水仍然可以移動(dòng)到相當(dāng)高的高度?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家己經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞能充當(dāng)泵”不正確。

6.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡(jiǎn)單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為公眾對(duì)于沖突的理解過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡(jiǎn)單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是，Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?！苯酉聛?lái)分別列舉了盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)待沖突的不同看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中，決策效能最常以財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)評(píng)估。高管們認(rèn)為，共識(shí)而不是沖突可以增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)?！笨芍麢C(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為共識(shí)能增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見（共識(shí)）”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營(yíng)利性組織中，決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來(lái)定義的?？紤]到滿足許多不同成員的復(fù)雜性和模糊性，高管們認(rèn)為沖突導(dǎo)致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?！笨芍诜怯詸C(jī)構(gòu)里人們可以表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which（

）thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)amplify“放大，擴(kuò)大”；B選項(xiàng)certify“證明”；C選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清，闡明”；D選項(xiàng)magnify“贊美，夸大”。

句意：這個(gè)文憑很重要，它能證明你已經(jīng)完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因?yàn)樗鼈兌加纱竽X控制。根據(jù)題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級(jí)，確定有more，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項(xiàng)nomore符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句子中的空格部分做賓語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)成分，故可排除D選項(xiàng)；“與……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，無(wú)“asthesameas”這種表達(dá)；二者的區(qū)別為：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)句意：消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價(jià)值相同?？芍狟選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Herman'ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto（）planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulate

B.fulfil

C.approve

D.flourish

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.formulate制訂；規(guī)劃B.fulfil實(shí)現(xiàn)（夢(mèng)想），履行（職責(zé)，義務(wù)等）

C.approve贊成，同意D.flourish繁榮，昌盛

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他______計(jì)劃的能力”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)詞義可知，空格處表示“制定”符合句意，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】赫爾曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他制定計(jì)劃的能力，這使工作有效地完成。

11.單選題

NearlyeverywriteronthephilosophyofcivilrightsactivistMartinLutherKing,itmakesaconnectionbetweenKingandHenryDavidThoreau,usuallyviaThoreau’sfamousessay.”CivilDisobedience"(1849).InhisbookStrideTowardFreedom(1958),KinghimselfstatedthatThoreau’sessaywashisfirstintellectualcontactwiththetheoryofpassiveresistancetogovernmentallawsthatareperceivedasmorallyunjust.However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,KingwouldnothaveagreedwithmanyotheraspectsofThoreau’sphilosophy,includingThoreau'sultimateacceptanceofviolenceasaformofprotest;second,anoveremphasisontheinfluenceofoneessayhaskepthistoriansfromnotingothercorrespondencesbetweenKing'sphilosophyandtranscendentalism."CivilDisobedience"astheonlyexampleoftranscendentalistwritingwithwhichKingwasfamiliar,andinmanyothertranscendentalistwritings,includingworksbyRalphWaldoEmersonandMargaretFuller,Kingwouldhavefoundideasmorenearlyakintohisown.

ThekindofcivildisobedienceKinghadinmindwas,infact,quitedifferentfromThoreau’sviewofcivildisobedience.Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.Whileheencouragedotherstoadoptsimilarprotests,hedidnotattempttomountanymassprotestactionagainstunjustlaws.IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.

However,King’swritingssuggestthat,withoutrealizingit,hewasanincipienttranscendentalist.Mosttranscendentalistssubscribedtotheconceptof“higherlaw”andincludedcivildisobediencetounjustlawsaspartoftheirstrategy.TheyofteninvokedtheconceptofhigherlawtojustifytheiroppositiontoslaveryandtoadvocatedisobediencetothestrengthenedFugitiveSlaveLawof1850.Inhissecondmajorbook,King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisverysimilartothetranscendentalists'discussionofhigherlaw.Inreferencetohowonecanadvocatebreakingsomelawsandobeyingothers,Kingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw”andanunjustlawasa“codethatisoutofharmonywiththemorallaw.”Thus,King’soppositiontotheinjusticeoflegalizedsegregationinthetwentiethcenturyisphilosophicallyakintothetranscendentalists9oppositiontotheFugitiveSlaveLawinthenineteenthcentury.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthemanideaofthepassage?

2.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsabout“CivilDisobedience”wouldtheauthorconsidermostaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingistrueofEmersonandFuller?

4.ThepassagesuggestswhichoneofthefollowingaboutThoreau?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Kingdifferedfrommosttranscendentalistsinthathe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.King’sphilosophywasmoreinfluencedbyThoreau’sessayoncivildisobediencethanbyanyotherwritingofthetranscendentalists

B.WhilehistoriansmayhaveoverestimatedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,Kingwasgreatlyinfluencedbyanumberofthetranscendentalistphilosophers.

C.Thoreau’sandKing’sviewsoncivildisobediencedifferedinthatKingwasmoreconcernedwiththesocialreformthanwiththeeconomicreformofsociety.

D.AlthoughhistorianshaveoveremphasizedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,thereareparallelsbetweenKing’sphilosophyandtranscendentalismthathavenotbeenfullyappreciated.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

B.ItwasnotKing’sfirstcontactwiththeconceptofpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

C.ItprovidedKingwithamodelforusingpassiveresistancetoeffectsocialchange.

D.Itcontainsanumberofideaswithwhichothertranscendentalistsstronglydisagreed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.SomeoftheirideaswerelesstypicaloftranscendentalismthanweresomeofThoreau’sideas.

B.SomeoftheirideasweremoresimilartoKing’sthanweresomeofThoreau's.

C.Theirideasaboutcivildisobedienceandunjustlawsareaswell'knownasThoreau’sare.

D.TheywouldhavebeenmorelikelythanThoreautoagreewithKingonthenecessityofmassprotestincivildisobedience.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasthefirsttodevelopfullythetheoryofcivildisobedience.

B.HisworkhashadagreaterinfluenceoncontemporarythinkersthanhastheworkofEmersonandFuller.

C.Headvocatedusingcivildisobediencetoforcethefederalgovernmenttochangeitspoliciesonwar.

D.Hisphilosophydoesnotcontainallofthesameelementsasthephilosophiesoftheothertranscendentalists.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposedviolenceasaformofcivilprotest.

B.believedthatjustlawshadaninherentmoralvalue.

C.showedmoreinterestedinreformingsocietythaninreformingtheindividual.

D.protestedsocialandlegalinjusticeinUnitedStatessocietyratherthanUnitedStatesforeignpolicy.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的中心句However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,...second.確定作者認(rèn)為大部分作家過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)梭羅與金思想上的聯(lián)系，并且忽略了金與其他先驗(yàn)論主義者的聯(lián)系。由此推斷出D選項(xiàng)‘盡管歷史學(xué)家過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)梭羅對(duì)金的影響，但金的哲學(xué)與超驗(yàn)主義之間存在著尚未得到充分認(rèn)識(shí)的相似之處?！_。

2.根據(jù)文章第一段，可知金的哲學(xué)思想是受到了梭羅的影響，這種影響帶到政治生活中即是：King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisKingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw馬丁路德金對(duì)公正和不公正法律的討論以及個(gè)人的責(zé)任指出有兩種類型的法律，公正和不公正;他把公正的法律描述為“符合道德法則的準(zhǔn)則”，所以A選項(xiàng)‘ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.它影響了金對(duì)不公正法律的消極抵抗的哲學(xué)。正確。

3.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句‘IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.與梭羅相反，金開始提倡使用大規(guī)模的公民不服從來(lái)影響社會(huì)體系內(nèi)的革命變革?！妥詈笠欢巍?..isverysimilartothetranscendentalists’discussionofhigherlaw.因此，馬丁?路德?金反對(duì)20世紀(jì)不公正的種族隔離合法化，在哲學(xué)上類似于19世紀(jì)超驗(yàn)主義者反對(duì)逃亡奴隸法?！茰y(cè)出D選項(xiàng)‘愛默生和福勒會(huì)比梭羅更贊同其非暴力反抗的大規(guī)?？棺h的必要性‘正確。

4.根據(jù)文章第二段AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.作為對(duì)墨西哥戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的抗議，梭羅拒絕交稅，但他不希望通過(guò)自己的行動(dòng)迫使國(guó)家政策發(fā)生改變?！笨芍狢選項(xiàng)’他主張用非暴力反抗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)迫使聯(lián)邦政府改變其政策‘正確。A，B皆為錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)。D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第二段“Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.梭羅和大多數(shù)先驗(yàn)論者一樣，主要對(duì)個(gè)人的改革感興趣，而金主要對(duì)社會(huì)的改革感興趣?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Myeyeshadbecome（）tothenowsemi-darkness,soIcouldpickoutshapesaboutseventy-fiveyardsaway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inclined

B.accustomed

C.vulnerable

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inclined“有……傾向”；B選項(xiàng)accustomed“習(xí)慣的，通常的”；C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已經(jīng)_____現(xiàn)在的半明半暗，所以我能辨認(rèn)出75碼外的形狀?？疾楣潭ù钆鋌eaccustomedto“習(xí)慣于”，這里表示的是習(xí)慣于這種半明半暗的狀況，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther（

）.Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.narroweddown

B.cooleddown

C.drivenhome

D.broughtabout

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。narrowdown意為“縮減，壓縮，減少”；cooldown意為“變涼，冷卻，冷靜”；drivehome意為“開車回家”；bringabout意為“導(dǎo)致，引起”。

句意：在昨天的會(huì)議上，我們的分歧進(jìn)一步縮小了。下一步是制定一個(gè)雙方都能接受的解決方案。

14.單選題

Theambulanceservicesworked（）haulingpeopletrappedinthebuildingtosafety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthedecline

B.onthecontrary

C.forachange

D.roundtheclock

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。onthedecline在衰退中；onthecontrary正相反；forachange為了改變一下；roundtheclock晝夜不停地，不知疲倦地。由ambulance以及后面的“haulingpeopletrappedinthebuildingtosafety.把困在樓里的人拉到安全的地方”可知急救車晝夜不停地運(yùn)輸被困人員。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：救護(hù)車服務(wù)不分晝夜地把困在大樓里的人拉到安全的地方。

15.單選題

Theconferencechairmanmadea（

）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessoftheafternoonsession.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.renewable

C.reversible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。interesting“有趣的”；renewable“可再生的”；reversible“可逆的，可撤銷的”；preliminary“初步的，開始的”。句意：在開始下午的主要議程之前，會(huì)議主席致了開幕詞。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；assure保證，擔(dān)保；ensure確保，使安全；secure保護(hù)，使安全。句意：牙醫(yī)自信的態(tài)度使我確信我是由可靠的醫(yī)生在診治。選項(xiàng)A和D不符合句意；選項(xiàng)Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that從句，意為使某人確信，符合句意；選項(xiàng)C發(fā)用法為ensuresth.tosb.，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccr