考研考博-英語-上海商學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海商學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

AnotherfoodcropraisedbyIndians______strangetotheEuropeanwascalledIndiancorn.

問題1選項

A.whowere

B.thatwere

C.thatwas

D.whowas

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：印第安人種植的另一種對歐洲人來說很陌生的糧食作物叫作印第安玉米。橫線及strangetotheEuropean部分是修飾anotherfoodcrop的定語從句，根據(jù)anotherfoodcrop是不可數(shù)名詞確定用thatwas，C選項thatwas符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

問題1選項

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項inlinewith“與……一致”；B選項forthesakeof“為了”；C選項incaseof“以防萬一”；D選項attheriskof“冒著……的危險”。句意：我總是在早上較早離開家去上學______交通堵塞。根據(jù)語境，這里指早點出門是為了不想堵車，C選項incaseof“以防萬一”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（

）hope.

問題1選項

A.eternal

B.everlasting

C.ceaseless

D.infinite

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在這個國家多個地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)新油田使政府充滿無限的希望。

形容詞辨析。Eternal永恒的;everlasting永恒的，接連不斷的;ceaseless不斷的，不停的;infinite無限的，無窮的。

4.單選題

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

問題1選項

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Toomuch“太多”，為形容詞短語，修飾名詞；muchtoo“太······，非?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁ保瑸楦痹~短語，修飾形容詞或者副詞；somuch“這么”，副詞短語，放在動詞后修飾動詞，或者作形容詞短語修飾名詞；mushso這個短語不存在。句意：Flynn教授到達階梯教室時沒有看見一個學生。直到那時他才意識到他來得太早了。選項B符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone.Holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifyingqualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】現(xiàn)在度假比以前更有必要，因為現(xiàn)在一般人的生活不再像以前那樣豐富多彩，而且變得越來越單調。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在所想的休假。當然，某種方式的休息一直是人類生活節(jié)奏的一部分，但社會早期并不認為有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。節(jié)日足以滿足人們的需要。

隨著現(xiàn)代人的情緒日益緊張，加之工作要求高，強度大，所以在一年的日常工作中進行休假變得越來越有必要。休假成為調節(jié)和修整心態(tài)的必要手段。因此，在美國這個最緊張單調的國家里，度假已經成為家庭閑談的主要話題。

6.單選題

The（）forspeedingisafineofonehundredandfiftydollars.

問題1選項

A.penalty

B.benefit

C.criticism

D.remedy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項penalty“罰款，罰金”；B選項benefit“利益，好處”；C選項criticism“批評，考證”；D選項remedy“補救，療法補救”。句意：超速的懲罰是罰款150美元。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Justinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout:youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullofflatbicycletires,benttennisrackets.Deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom.

“Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?”hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.”

WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.

Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin.

“Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?”heasked.“Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI’mlateonthefirstdayit’llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear.”Kennylookedgenuinelyworried.

“Relax”,Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop.“Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well.Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote.”

Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings.

“That’samazing!”Kennysaid.“Ioweyouone.”Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.

1.WhyisJustin’sroomsuchamess?

2.Theword“pleaded”inParagraph1canbestbereplaceby

（

）.

3.InwhatwayisJustin’sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?

4.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?

5.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?

問題1選項

A.Healwaysforgetstoclean.

B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.

C.Hehasnotimetoclean.

D.Hesharesaroomwithhisbrother.

問題2選項

A.ignored

B.asked

C.pushed

D.begged

問題3選項

A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.

B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.

C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.

D.He’shadforaslongashecanremember.

問題4選項

A.Heoffersthemadvices.

B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.

C.Helistenstotheirproblem.

D.Heusedtheobjectsinhisbackpack.

問題5選項

A.JustinrememberedKenny’slockercombination.

B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin’sbackpack.

C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin’snotebook.

D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。問：為什么Justin的房間很亂，定位到文章第一段第二句Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullof…（他的座右銘是“永遠不要扔掉任何東西，你永遠不知道它什么時候會派上用場”。他的臥室里滿是……）可知原因是B“他從不扔掉任何東西”。A項“他總是忘記打掃”，C項“沒有時間打掃”，D項“他和他弟弟共享一個房間”，文中均未體現(xiàn)。

2.語義推測題。plead“懇求，乞求”；只有D項“懇求，乞求”與之意思相同，此外根據(jù)文章第一段所講內容，可以知道他的父母是懇求他清理房間，所以此處的pleaded可以用begged代替。A項“忽視”；B項“詢問；請求”；C項“推”均不符合。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問題：Justin的背包以何種方式被看作是房間的縮小版。定位到文章第三段第二句Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.（他喜歡把它想象成臥室的縮小版——一個存放他收集的許多物品的地方）可知答案為A“他把它當作存放物品的地方”。B項“他用它來裝書和運動器材”，文章未提及；C項“他父母叫他一直打掃”和D項“從他記事起他就一直帶著這個”，均不符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。問題：Justin是怎樣幫助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句“Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag…”（他從包里拿出筆記本和一支軟鉛筆……）可知他是用他包里的一些東西來幫助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的東西”為正確答案。A項“他給了建議”和B項“他把他的包借給了他們”，文中并未提及；C項“他傾聽了他們的問題”，文中他不僅僅傾聽了他們的問題，而且用行動幫助了他們，故C項錯誤。

5.細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后三句ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook…Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite…（Kenny寫的那一頁在筆記本的另一頁上留下了模糊的凹痕……儲物柜組合的數(shù)字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出現(xiàn)）可知答案為C“肯尼在賈斯汀的筆記本上留下了這個組合的凹痕”。A項“賈斯汀記得肯尼的儲物柜密碼組合”，B項“肯尼把紙片留在了賈斯汀的背包里”，D項“賈斯汀找到了寫著儲物柜密碼的紙片”，均不符合文意。

8.單選題

Romanliteratureneverceasedto（）influenceintheMiddleAges,andthisinfluencebecamemuchgreaterinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturieswhenmoreRomanworksbecameknown.

問題1選項

A.exert

B.practice

C.resist

D.stage

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。exert“運用，發(fā)揮，施以影響”；practice“練習”；resist“拒絕”；stage“舉行，上演”。句意：羅馬文學在中世紀的影響從未停止，這種影響在14和15世紀，當更多的羅馬作品被了解后，這種影響變得更大。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

Heusually（

）hisemotionsandappearscalm.

問題1選項

A.holdsup

B.holdsback

C.holdson

D.holdstight

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。holdup意為“舉起”；holdback意為“退縮，忍住，抑制住”；holdon意為“等一下，堅持不懈，握住”；holdtight意為“抓緊，抓牢，暫不行動”。

句意：他通常會控制自己的情緒，表現(xiàn)得很平靜。

10.單選題

Thereareavarietyofwaystothinkabouttheself.Twoofthemostwidelyusedtermsareself-conceptandself-esteem.Self-conceptgenerallyreferstothetotalityofacomplex,organized,anddynamicsystemoflearnedbeliefs,attitudesandopinionsthatpeopleholdaboutthemselves,whileself-esteemgenerallyreferstohowwefeelaboutorhowwevalueourselves.Thereisagreatdealofresearchwhichshowsthattheself-conceptis,perhaps,thebasisforallmotivatedbehavior.Itistheself-conceptthatgivesrisetopossibleselves,anditispossibleselvesthatcreatethemotivationforbehavior.Self-conceptisrelatedtoself-esteeminthatpeoplewhohavegoodself-esteemhaveacleardifferentiatedself-concept.Whenpeopleknowthemselves,theycanmaximizeoutcomesbecausetheyknowthatwhattheycanandcannotdo.Itwouldsee,then,thatonewaytoimpactself-esteemistoobeythesomewhatoutwornclineof“Knowtheyself.”

Thereareseveraldifferentcomponentsofself-concept:physical,academic,socialandtranspersonal.Thephysicalaspectofself-conceptrelatestothatwhichisconcrete:whatwelooklike,oursex,height,weight,andwhatkindofclotheswewear.Ouracademicself-conceptrelatestohowwellwedoinschoolorhowwellwelearn.Thesocialself-conceptdescribeshowwerelatetootherpeopleandthetranspersonalself-conceptdescribeshowwerelatetoothersupernaturalorunknownonanemotionalorspirituallevel.

Thoughself-reflection,peopleoftencometoviewthemselvesinanew,morepowerfulway,anditisthroughthisnew,morepowerwayofviewingtheselfthatpeoplecandeveloppossibleselves.Wedevelopandmaintainourself-conceptbytakingactionandthenreflectingonwhatwehavedoneandwhatotherstellusaboutwhatwehavedone.Wereflectincomparisontoourexpectationsandtheexceptionsofothersandtothecharacteristicsandaccomplishmentsofothers.Self-concept,thusisnotinnate,butisdevelopedbytheindividualthroughinteractionwiththeenvironmentandreflectingonthatinteraction.Thisdynamicaspectofself-conceptisimportantbecauseitindicatesthatitcanbemodifiedorchanged.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheideasof“knowthemselves”is（）.

3.Onecanconcludefromthetextthatbydevelopinggoodself-esteempeoplecan（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbeidentifiedastranspersonalself-concept?

5.Themostappropriatetitleforthetextwouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.theauthorbelievesmostbehaviorislearned,notinnate

B.theauthordoesn'tbelievethatone'sself-conceptcanchange

C.self-conceptandself-esteemareoftenmistakenforeachother

D.theauthorhasdoubtsabouttheideathatself-conceptsisthebasisforbehavior

問題2選項

A.critical

B.positive

C.neutral

D.mixed

問題3選項

A.improvetheirinteractionsimmensely

B.beginimprovingtheirbehavior

C.begintodevelopaclearself-concept

D.correctdeficienciesintheircharacter

問題4選項

A.Ourconceptofhowinterestedandwellwestudysupernaturaltopics.

B.Ourknowledgeofourstrangeintuitionaboutpeoples'feelings.

C.Ourunderstandingofhowwerelatetoagodwebelievein.

D.Ourunderstandingofourrelationshipwithotherpeople.

問題5選項

A.TheCharacteristicsofSelf-Concept

B.TheChangeabilityofSelf-Concept

C.Self-ConceptandSelf-Esteem

D.NewResearchonSelf-Concepts

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)原文第一段中說到theself-conceptis,perhaps,thebasisforallmotivatedbehavior.（自我概念也許是所有動機行為的基礎），最后一段，作者再提到

Self-concept,thusisnotinnate（因此，自我概念不是天生的），由此可知，大多數(shù)的行為都是習得的，并非與生俱來。因此A選項正確。

2.根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“...itisthroughthisnew,morepowerwayofviewingtheselfthatpeoplecandeveloppossibleselves.”可知，作者認為，只有了解了自己，人們才能發(fā)展出潛在的自我。所以作者對此的態(tài)度是正面的，積極的。選項B正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段“Self-conceptisrelatedtoself-esteeminthatpeoplewhohavegoodself-esteemhaveacleardifferentiatedself-concept.”可知，選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“thetranspersonalself-conceptdescribeshowwerelatetoothersupernaturalorunknownonanemotionalorspirituallevel.”超個人自我概念描述了我們如何在情感或精神層面與其他超自然或未知的事物相處。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文可知，本文主要是講自我概念的特征。選項A更符合要求。其他三個選項都只是文中的一部分。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

11.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Anaestheticsense,aninstinctforbeauty,isoneoftheuniversalattributesofhumanbeings.

（1）Whileatitslowestlevelaestheticappreciationismerelyofanthropologicalorsociologicalinterest,atitshighestlevel,perhaps,itduplicatesartisticcreationandexistsonthesameplane.Butcertainlythat“plane”ismulti-dimensional.

Manypossiblereasonswhyhumanbeingsareresponsivetobeautyandneedartintheirlivescanandhavebeenadduced.（2）

Myowntheoryisthatartconcentratesandchannelsemotionsandexperiencesthatwouldotherwisebeinchoateandunformedinthepsyche;thatistosay,itbringsintosharpfocusandgivesformtoshadowypromptings,conflictingemotions,andhalf-glimpsedimpressionsofuniversalsituationssuchaslove,loss,questionsoflife'soriginsandend,andsoforth,anditallowsustoseeandfeeltheseimpressionsclearlyandintently.

Judgingfromtheevidenceofthemedia,however,theemotionalnatureofaestheticpleasureisawell-keptsecret.（3）

Almosteverytimerunacrossamentionofaestheticsinthelargecirculationculturalorgansandopinionmagazines,thediscussioncentersaroundthedeepappreciationofartasart.It'sasiftheonlyaestheticpleasurethereisinpoetryorfictionormusicisintherecognitionoftechnicaldevicesandform.

Everythingthatmakesartapowerfulinstrumentinhumanlifeisdependentuponitsbeingamediumforlife,notathinginitself…（4）Whentheso-calledaesthetictemperamentwishestoexpelfromtheholycitadelallthatisextraneoustoart,itendsupactuallyreducingarttothedryabstractionofmathematics.No,itcannotbeemphasizedenough:poetryisnotwords,musicisnotnotes,paintingisnotbrushstrokes.Poetryisfeeling:allartisfeeling.Thequalitythatmakesapieceofartagreatworkissimplyandonlythedepthofitshumanity.Whiletechnicaldevices,formandgenrearethefleshandbonesofanart,emotionsareitssoul.

Ultimatelyallaestheticmoments,liketheartthatdrawsthemforth,areindividualistic…theaestheticmoment,then,requirestwoequalpartners.（5）

Theartistmustpresentanintrinsicallymovingsubjectuniversalinscope,andtheappreciatormustbringtotheworkthewillingsuspensionofdisbeliefandtheintelligenceandhumanitytoenterintotheartist'sworld.Sinceempathy,theabilitytoputoneselfintheshoesofanother,isthefoundationofthemoralsense,theaestheticmomentisalsoanethicalmoment.

【答案】1.雖然最低層次的審美鑒賞僅僅是出于人類學或社會學的興趣，但是最高層次的審美鑒賞卻可能復制藝術的創(chuàng)造且與它存在于同一水平上。

2.我的理論是藝術集中并引導情感和體驗，否則這些情感和體驗在心理上是不成熟和不成形的。

3.幾乎每次我在大量發(fā)行的文學機構和輿論雜志中偶然遇到提及的美學時，該討論都以作為藝術的深層次藝術鑒賞為中心。

4.當所謂的審美情趣希望去將一切與藝術無關的東西從神圣的審美大本營中驅逐出時，這實際上把藝術簡化為數(shù)學的枯燥抽象。

5.藝術必須呈現(xiàn)一個在范圍上廣泛適用的本質上動人的主題，而藝術鑒賞者必須在作品中表現(xiàn)出自愿的不相信，以及進入藝術家世界的智慧和人性。

12.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項paradox“悖論，反論；似是而非的論點；自相矛盾的人或事”；B選項junction“連接，接合；交叉點；接合點”；C選項dilemma“困境；進退兩難；兩刀論法”；D選項premise“前提，假定；（常復數(shù)）商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常復數(shù)）上訴各項”。句意：父母們經常面對這樣的兩難處境，是選擇做他們認為的對孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢，還是選擇對其放任自流。因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Thefutureofthiscompanywillbevery（

）iftheykeeplosingmoney.

問題1選項

A.rotten

B.foul

C.dreary

D.bleak

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項rotten“腐爛的、墮落的”；B選項foul“犯規(guī)的、邪惡的、污穢的”；C選項dreary“沉悶的、枯燥的；黯淡的”；D選項bleak“陰冷的；黯淡的、無希望的”。分析句子結構，主句是系表結構的句子，主語是“thefutureofthiscompany公司的前途”，空格部分是表語，根據(jù)if后面的意思“如果他們繼續(xù)虧本的話”可知，空格部分單詞意思為“黯淡的，沒有希望的”，句意為：如果他們繼續(xù)虧本的話，這家公司的前途將非常黯淡。故正確答案選D。

14.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

問題1選項

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。alterto表示“更改，改變”；A項enhance“增強”，B項revise“修正，校訂”，C項alternate“交替的，輪流的”，D項modify“修改，修飾”。句意：人們擔心嬰兒的基因會被改變以滿足父母的愿望。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項正確。

15.單選題

Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.

Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.

Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein（

）.

2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom（

）.

3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto（

）.

4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

問題1選項

A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake

B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.

C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity

D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.

問題2選項

A.theabsenceofacommonreligion

B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety

C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife

D.thecounterbalancetonarcissisticpersonality

問題3選項

A.exemplifythecontributionsmadebyancientpoets

B.illustratetheroleofsharedfantasiesaboutsociety.

C.showanidealstageofeternalsocialprogress

D.makeknownmythsofwhatasocietyoughttobe

問題4選項

A.control

B.concern

C.agreement

D.consideration

問題5選項

A.Trojan

B.totalitarian

C.Greek

D.American

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“美國社會最大的麻煩可能在于什么？”文章第一段第一句話提到“我們社會最痛心的是缺乏對‘社會是什么’以及‘社會生活應該是什么’這類問題的一致意見”（Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe）。選項A“對社會應該采取什么樣的形態(tài)缺乏一致性”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目所問的是“美國人的社會人格來源于什么？”文章第二段第三句話提到“美國是一個來自各個國家的移民組成的國家”（ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations）。選項B“美國社會由多種族組成”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“第一段提到荷馬史詩的目的是什么？”文章第一段最后一句話提到“因此現(xiàn)在的一致性只有通過對過去共同的理解才能獲得，就像荷馬史詩告知后來的人一致性對于希臘來說意味著什么，他們是依靠什么樣的想象和理想來生活以及構造社會的?！保ˋconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties）。選項B“說明共同的幻想對社會的重要性”符合題意。

4.詞義題。題目所問的是“consensus與哪個詞的意思最接近？”consensus在文章中出現(xiàn)多次，文章第二段第一句話mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry，根據(jù)句子中的common這個詞可以猜測consensus的意思是一個與之相近的名詞。四個選項中的單詞意思分別為：control“控制”；concern“擔心，憂慮”；agreement“同意，一致”；consideration“考慮，原因”，選項C符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘our’指的是什么？”從文章第三段第二句話可以看出，本段主要講述的是美國社會的問題，因此，our指的是“美國”。選項D符合題意。

16.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問題1選項

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當感覺自己處于一個發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時，科學家們變得非常興奮。故C選項正確。

17.不定項選擇題

Morethantwomillionfilmslieinstoreroomsaroundtheworld,someofthemsobadlydamagedthattheycannolongerbescreened.Ifnothingisdone,theycoulddisappearforgood,likehalfthefilmsmadeintheUSbefore1950.Butresearchpromisesanautomatedtechnique,torestoretheseoldfilmstotheirformerglory.

Filmscanbecleanedchemicallyorbyusingultrasound.Butthisistime-consumingandexpensive,andchemicalscanalsodamagetheoriginalfilms.Anotherapproachistodigitizethefilmandthencleanupthedigitalversionframebyframe—aterriblejob.WhenDisneycleanedupSnowWhiteforreleaseonDVD,forinstance,graphicartistsworkedinshiftson40computersdayandnightfor18weeks.

“Thesecomputer-aidedtechniquesremainveryexpensive,”saysSamiaBoukir,whostartedworkonanautomatedsystem,“onlyanautomatedsystemcanhopetosalvagethearchiveofdeterioratingfilms.”

Onceafilmhasbeenscannedin,thefirststageoftheprocessistofinddustspots.Theyusuallyoccuronlyonsingleframes,sothesystemlooksforsmallspotsthatarevisibleononeframeandabsentonitsneighbors.Thesoftwarerepairstheimagebysamplingtheunspoiltareaoftheimageontheadjacentframesandreplacingthedustspotwithanaverageofthesampledpictureelement.

Detectingscratchesismorecomplicatedbecausetheymayrunoverseveralframesandcanbeconfusedwithverticallinesthatarepartofthefilm.Butatelltalepatternoftengivesthemaway:scratchesarenormallycausedbythemechanicalpartsofaprojectorrubbingonthefilm,sotheytendtorepeatatregularintervals.

Thesystemlooksforaperiodicpatternofthistypefromframetoframe,predictingwhenitshouldoccurinthesubsequentframes.Havingidentifiedthescratchanditsduration,thesoftwarethenrepairsthedamagebytakingpictureelementfromundamagedframesbeforeandafterthescratch.Thissmoothingeffectavoidsanysharpedgesintherestoredimage.

Oncerestored,thedigitizedfilmscanbeviewedbyfuturegenerationswithoutriskingmoredamagetotheoriginalbyrunningitthroughaprojector.“Filmhasahundred-yearhistory,buttheknowledgeofhowtostoreitproperlyisonly15yearsold,”saysGodfreyPyeofSunsetDigital,aHollywood-basedcompany.

1.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.

2.WhatisSamiaBoukir’sattitudetowardsautomatedrestorationofthefilm?

3.Whatisthecharacteristicofthedistributionofdustspotsonthefilms?

4.Thefollowingstatementsisthereasonswhyscratchesarehardtobedetected.（）

5.Bysayingthat“withoutriskingmoredamagetotheoriginalbyrunningitthroughaprojector”,(L.1-2,Para.7)theauthormeansthat（）

問題1選項

A.therehavebeenmanymethodstocleanupthefilms

B.DisneyrepairedthedamageofSnowWhiteforprofit

C.chemicalcleaningandtheuseofultrasoundhavethesameeffect

D.cleaningdigitalizedfilmisconsideredfeasibleinfilmrestoration

問題2選項

A.Neutral.

B.Negative.

C.Positive.

D.Indifferent.

問題3選項

A.Thespotsareintheunspoiltareaoftheimage.

B.Thespotsareontheaveragesampledpictureelement.

C.Thespotscannotappearontwoadjacentframesatthesametime.

D.Thespotsareontheframethatisvisile.

問題4選項

A.Thescratchesappearatorderintervals.

B.Itiseasytodistinguishverticallinesandscratches.

C.Thescratchescanextendtoseveralframes.

D.Theshapeofscratchesisdifferentfromsomepartsofthefilm.

問題5選項

A.laterusemaynotcausenewdamagetothefilmsafterrestoration.

B.thereisnoenvironmentalriskinrepairingtheoriginalfilms.

C.therestoredfilmshaveperfectvisualeffect.

D.theprojectorhasthefunctionofprotectingtherestoredfilms.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推斷題。A項可以從第二段的“Anotherapproachisto…”得知，至少有三種方法來修復，因此正確，暫時保留；B項錯誤，確實是修復了白雪公主，但是并沒有說是否是為了收益；C項第二段中提到，“chemicalscanalsodamagetheoriginalfilms”也就是化學的方式可能會損壞，因此兩者不同，C錯誤；D項文章說了這種方法“shiftson40computersdayandnightfor18weeks”是非常大的工作量，很累人，因此不一定可行。答案為A。

第2題:作者態(tài)度題。從第三段他說“Thesecomputer-aidedtechniquesremainveryexpensive,”以及“onlyanautomatedsystemcanhopetosalvagethearchiveofdeterioratingfilms.”這兩句話可以看出，他是非常支持自動修復的，甚至認為這是唯一的方法來拯救老電影。因此答案為C。

第3題:細節(jié)推斷題。答案出處根據(jù)題干可以定位到第四段和第五段，第四段的第二句：Theyusuallyoccuronlyonsingleframes…意思是它們通常只出現(xiàn)在單幀上，因此答案為C，是這句話的轉述。

第4題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段，第五段第一句，“Detectingscratchesismorecomplicatedbecausetheymayrunoverseveralframes…thefilm.”意為“探測劃痕更為復雜，因為劃痕可能會覆蓋好幾幀，而且可能會與作為膠片一部分的垂直線混淆?！币虼烁嬖V我們劃痕可能延展到好幾幀，答案為C。

第5題:作者意圖題。句子字面含義為“數(shù)字化的膠片一旦被修復，就可以被子孫后代觀看，而不會因為通過放映機放映而對原膠片造成更大的損害?！蔽覀兛梢钥闯鲆馑际且坏┬迯秃昧?，之后就一勞永逸了，不用擔心會有其他的損壞，答案A為同義轉述，正確。

18.單選題

Conscience（）himdayandnightafterhesawthemiseriesotherchildwhichwascausedbyhismisdoingswithhisowneyes.

問題1選項

A.racks

B.persecutes

C.maltreats

D.abuses

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A:rack“折磨”；B:persecute“迫害”；C:maltreat“虐待”；D:abuse“濫用”。句意：在他看到其他孩子由于他的失誤所造成的痛苦之后，良心一直折磨著他。良心應和折磨搭配，因此A符合題意。

19.單選題

Nobodycan（

）herfrommarryinghim,forshealwayshasherownway.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.preserve

C.present

D.prevail

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。prevent“妨礙，制止”；preserve“保護，保養(yǎng)”；present“贈送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：沒人能阻止她嫁給他，因為她總是我行我素。根據(jù)上下文關系，可知答案A

20.翻譯題

該法案旨在對美國中小學進行教育改革并使所有兒童有機會得到高質量的教育。最終目標是確保無一人落后。由于此法案的實施，學校有更多的靈活性把資源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地參與孩子的教育。

【答案】答：

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-