考研考博-英語-北京交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京交通大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

中國人的年講究的就是一個團聚，正如中國知名作家馮驥才所講：春節(jié)是中國人的“情感時刻”。這一天無論你身在何處，回家團圓是唯一的主題，思鄉(xiāng)情感也要在這一刻得到宣泄。對于英國留學(xué)生們來說，春節(jié)回家的愿望，非要天時地利人和，多重因素都給力，才能夠得以實現(xiàn)。每年的春節(jié)大多在一、二月間，這個時候并不是學(xué)校的假期，留學(xué)生們無法脫身。

【答案】WhatChineseNewYearstressesisafamilyreunion.JustasFengJicai,afamousChinesewriter,haspointedout,theSpringFestivalisan“emotionalmoment”fortheChinesepeople.Whereveryoumaybethatday,returninghomeforafamilyreunionistheonlytopicofconversationandyourhomesicknessissuretobegotoffyourchest.ForoverseasChinesestudentsintheUnitedKingdom,theirwishofreturninghomeduringtheSpringFestivalcannotberealizedunlesseverythingisOKandmanyfactorsaregeliable.TheSpringFestivalfallschieflybetweenJanuaryandFebruary,duringwhichschoolshavenovacations,overseasstudentscannotleaveschool.

2.翻譯題

Passage1

肝臟是人體最大的腺體,它位于右上腹部。肝臟表面光滑,因血液供應(yīng)豐富而呈暗紅色。大約25%的心輸出量流向肝臟。肝臟有許多重要的功能：1)營養(yǎng)物(蛋白質(zhì)、碳水化合物和脂肪)、藥物和毒素的攝取、儲存和代謝。2)合成蛋白的產(chǎn)生和機體物質(zhì)的代謝。

Passage2

100多年前,世界上第一輛汽車的誕生讓人們感受到速度帶來的震撼。然而,汽車在給人類社會帶來便捷的同時,消耗了大量的石油,而且每天排放大量污染物,對人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴重危害。因此,研發(fā)節(jié)能與新能源汽車成為全球汽車業(yè)發(fā)展的主題。

Passage3

管理是一種社會職能,隱藏在習(xí)俗、信念等傳統(tǒng)里,以及政府政策和政治制度中,管理也是‘文化'。人與人的關(guān)系正代替人與自然或人與物之間的關(guān)系成為相互交往的首要方式。人文文化從科學(xué)尋找自信心、理智能意念；科學(xué)從人文文化吸取朝向人的情感、價值觀念。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

Theliveristhelargestglandinthebodyandislocatedintherightupperquadrantoftheabdomen.Itisglossyinappearanceanddarkredincolorfromtherichsupplyofbloodflowingthroughit.Approximately25%ofthecardiacoutputflowstotheliver.Itperformsmanyimportantfunctions:First,theuptake,storage,anddisposalofnutrients(protein,carbohydratesandfat),drugs,toxins.Second,theproductionofsyntheticproteinsandthemetabolismofsubstancesproducedbythebody.

Passage2

100yearsago,theworld'sfirstcarwasborntomakepeoplefeelthethrillofspeed.However,thecarbringconveniencetothehumansociety,itconsumesalotofoilatthesametime,anddischargelargequantitiesofpollutantseveryday,causingseriousharmtohumanhealthandecologicalenvironment.Therefore,thedevelopmentofenergy-savingandnewenergyautomobilehasbecomethethemeofglobalautomotiveindustrydevelopment.

Passage3

Managementisakindofsocialfunction,hiddenintraditionalcustom,faith,aswellasthegovernmentpolicyandpoliticalsystem.Managementisalsoa'culture'.Interpersonalrelationshipisreplacingtherelationshipbetweenhumanandthenatureorhumanandmaterialandbecometheprimarymodeofinteraction.Humanisticculturelookingforself-confidence,rationalideasfromscience;scienceabsorbinghumanemotionsandvaluesfromthehumanisticculture.

3.單選題

Therearefewapplications（）opportunitiesthanrobots.

問題1選項

A.likely

B.morelikely

C.mostlikely

D.muchlikely

【答案】B

【解析】句意:很少有電子應(yīng)用軟件比機器人更可能對未來就業(yè)機會造成恐慌。

考查固定搭配。belikelyto可能做…。這里加入了more，用了比較級，表示“更可能”。

4.單選題

Allthingsintheuniverseareinterrelatedand（）witheachother.

問題1選項

A.intervene

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.interact

【答案】D

【解析】intervene干涉，插入；interfere妨礙，打擾；interrupt闖入，打斷；interact相互影響，相互作用。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指世界上所有的事物都是相互聯(lián)系，相互影響的。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

Adegreeof____betweennursesandpatientsandtheirrelativescanbeconsideredanadvantageinconvincingpeopletovolunteerasdonors.

問題1選項

A.estrangement

B.adversary

C.hostility

D.intimacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項estrangement“疏遠；失和”；B選項adversary“對手；敵手”；C選項hostility“敵意”；D選項intimacy“親密”。句意：護士和患者及其親屬之間的____程度有利于說服人們成為志愿捐贈者。根據(jù)后文beconsideredanadvantage“被認為是一種優(yōu)勢”，可推斷護士和患者及其親屬之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是好的，D選項intimacy“親密”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

6.單選題

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

問題1選項

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞序。當(dāng)名詞前有多個形容詞做定語時，這些形容詞的排序為：限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等）+表示觀點的描述性形容詞+形狀、大小、長短、高低+年齡、新舊+顏色+國籍、地區(qū)+物質(zhì)材料+中心詞。translucent（半透明的）指顏色，marble（大理石）指物質(zhì)材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心詞，因此選B。

句意：這位年輕的藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)造了半透明的大理石雕像。

7.單選題

Whenwedrovealong,wesawheavywispsofsmokefromfactorychimneys（）upintotheair.

問題1選項

A.ascending

B.fluctuating

C.spiraling

D.charging

【答案】A

【解析】ascendupinto...為固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。這里指煙囪里的煙升向天空，選項A正確。

8.單選題

TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication—butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.

Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.

Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsorwhatwascertainlyastormytime.

Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.

Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.

Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWordsHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicunder?

controlsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.

Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,heightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.

It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.

Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士氣的講話）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.

Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyoulanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.

Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.

1.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?

3.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”？

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.

B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness

C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication

D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext

問題2選項

A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems

B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics

C.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speeches

D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.

問題3選項

A.toconvincepeopleinadebate

B.informpeopleatapresentation

C.toadvisepeopleatwork

D.toentertainpeopleatawedding

問題4選項

A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.

B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort

C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.

D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.

問題5選項

A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.

B.Theymanyusesofpublicspeaking

C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.

D.Therulesofpublicspeaking

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到演講的功能：說服、啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等等，而這些是其他手段無法替代的，選項C符合題意。

2.文章第八段提到這不僅僅是在世界論壇的公開演講中扮演著重要角色（It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole），選項A“世界論壇上的演講可以為世界性問題提供有效方案”表述不正確，符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到了演講詞的各種功能，比如說服或啟發(fā)，通知、致敬、娛樂等，或者只是介紹某人某事或接受某事。選項C“在工作中給人建議”不是演講的功能，符合題意。

4.文章最后一段Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast提到為了精彩的演講，有一些規(guī)則可以很好的利用，必須學(xué)習(xí)并且練習(xí)以前的演講。選項D符合題意，“精彩的演講來源于練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)”

5.文章開頭提及推特、博客、郵件這些交流方式，但是這些都無法取代演講這個話題（Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunicationbutnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech）。接著介紹了演講的作用，比如說服或啟發(fā)、通知、致敬、娛樂等。最后提到演說能力不是天生的，而是需要通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)才得到的。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,（）byDr.SamuelJohnson,wasthefirstrealattemptasasystematicandinterestinglywrittensurveyofEnglishusage.

問題1選項

A.constructed

B.composed

C.compiled

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:construct“構(gòu)造，建造；創(chuàng)立”；B:compose“構(gòu)成；寫作”；C:compile“編輯”；D:collect“收集；募捐”。句意：英語詞典是由塞繆爾?約翰遜博士編譯的，是第一次真正作為一個系統(tǒng)且有趣的書面研究英語的嘗試。結(jié)合語境，此處表示編輯英語詞典，故C為正確答案。

10.單選題

Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould（）.

問題1選項

A.descend

B.decline

C.deteriorate

D.depress

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項descend“下降”，多指從高處落向低處；B選項decline“衰退”，多指數(shù)量，質(zhì)量或價值的下降；C選項deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；D選項depress“壓抑，使沮喪”。根據(jù)句意：總有一天，軟件可以很好地翻譯書面語和口語，以至于對通用第二語言的需求可能會減少。這里是指需求減少，所以選項B最恰當(dāng)。

11.單選題

Theteachersaidthathewouldn’ttolerate______lateeveryday.

問題1選項

A.formetoarrive

B.mearrived

C.metoarrive

D.myarriving

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞用法。句意：老師說他不能容忍我每天遲到。toleratesth.意為“忍受某事”；toleratedoingsth.意為“忍受繼續(xù)做相同的事”；toleratetodosth.意為“忍受做另一件事”，所以D選項myarriving作賓語符合題意。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Ineverexpectedyouto（）atthemeeting.Ithoughtyouwereabroad.

問題1選項

A.turnaround

B.turnon

C.turndown

D.turnup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我從未料到你會出現(xiàn)在會議中。我以為你在國外。

考查短語辨析。。turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身；turnon升起；turndown拒絕；減少turnup出現(xiàn)、露面。因此D項符合句意。

13.單選題

IsthistheTVsetwhichyouwish（

）?

問題1選項

A.tohaveitrepaired

B.torepairit

C.tohaverepaired

D.willberepair

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句的用法。句中which引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞theTVset從句中有一個固定用法havesth.repaired“修復(fù)某物”，可知which指代theTVset在從句中充當(dāng)被修理的賓語。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Menoftenwaitlongertogethelpformedicalproblemsthanwomen,and（

）,womenliveaboutsixyearslongerthanmenonanaverage.

問題1選項

A.insteadof

B.constantly

C.consequently

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，前后構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，前面是因，后面是由此產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，所以選項C符合語境。

15.單選題

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”；transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；transmission“傳送，播送”；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：他親自參與重要的商務(wù)會議。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Edisontestedmorethanonethousandmaterialstoseeiftheycould（）electriccurrentandglow.

問題1選項

A.bring

B.make

C.carry

D.produce

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：愛迪生測試了一千多種材料，看它們是否能攜帶電流并發(fā)光。選項C最符合語境。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.

ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm“intellectualproperty”referstoallcategoriesofintellectualpropertythatarethesubjectofSectionIthrough7ofPartII.

MembersshallaccordthetreatmentprovidedforinthisAgreementtothenationalsofotherMembers.Inrespectoftherelevantintellectualpropertyright,thenationalofotherMembersshallbeunderstoodasthosenaturalorlegalpersonsthatwouldmeetthecriteriaforeligibilityforprotectionprovidedforintheParisConvention(1967),theBerneConvention(1971),theRomeConventionandtheTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits,wereallMembersoftheWTOmembersofthoseconventions.AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinParagraph3ofArticle5orParagraph2ofArticle6oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(the“CouncilforTRIPS”)

Criminallawisdistinctivefortheuniquelyseriouspotentialconsequencesoffailuretoabidebyitsrules.Everycrimeiscomposedofcriminalelements.Anelementofacrime(collectivelycalledelementsofcrime)isabasicsetofcommonlawprinciplesregardingcriminalliabilitythat,withfewexceptions,constitutetheessentialelementstoprovethatthedefendantcommittedacrimeunderUnitedStateslaw.Thejurymustbeconvincedbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedeachelementoftheparticularcrimechargedbeforedecidingonaguiltyverdict.Thecomponentpartsthatmakeupanyparticularcrimevarydependingonthecrime.Thebasiccomponentsarementalstate(Mensrea),conduct(Actusreus),concurrenceandcausation.However,thetwonecessaryelementsthatmustcoexistforacrimetoexististhatthedefendantmusthavecommittedanactandthatactmusthavebeencommittedintentionally.

【答案】各成員均必須實行本協(xié)定中的規(guī)定。各成員可以但并無義務(wù)，在其法律中實施比本協(xié)定要求更廣泛的保護，只要此種保護不違反本協(xié)定的規(guī)定。各成員有權(quán)在其各自的法律制度和實踐中確定實施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的適當(dāng)方法。

在本協(xié)定中，“知識產(chǎn)權(quán)”一詞系指屬于本協(xié)定第二部分第1節(jié)至第7節(jié)中的所有類別的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。

各成員應(yīng)根據(jù)本協(xié)定的規(guī)定給予其它成員以國民待遇。對于相應(yīng)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，其它成員的國民被認為是符合《巴黎公約（1967）》、《伯爾尼公約（1971）》、《羅馬公約》和《關(guān)于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》中所規(guī)定的保護資格標準的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成員似乎都已加入了這些公約。任一運用了《羅馬公約》第五條第3款或第6條第2款規(guī)定的可能性的成員，均應(yīng)根據(jù)這些條款的預(yù)告，通知“與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)理事會（TRIPS理事會）”。

刑法因未能遵守其規(guī)定導(dǎo)致的無可匹敵的嚴重潛在后果而是與眾不同的。每項罪行由犯罪要素構(gòu)成。一項罪行的一個要素（共同地被稱為犯罪要素）是一套基本的關(guān)于刑事責(zé)任的普通法法則，而這些法則極少例外地構(gòu)成了證明被告在美國法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在確定一項有罪裁定之前，陪審團必須無疑地確信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一個要素。組成任何特定罪行的構(gòu)成要素依據(jù)罪行而變化?；镜囊厥切睦頎顟B(tài)（犯罪意圖），行為（犯罪行為），同時發(fā)生和起因。然而，對于一項罪行存而必須并存的兩個必要要素是被告一定要犯下一個罪行且那個罪行是故意犯下的。

18.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

問題2選項

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

問題3選項

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在北美哪里可以找到許多最好的恐龍標本？錄音中提到，如今可以在美國和加拿大一些大城市的自然歷史博物館里看到許多最好的標本，因此D選項“大城市的自然歷史博物館”與錄音原文一致，因此正確。A選項“地勢低洼的科羅拉多河沿岸”；B選項“國家恐龍紀念遺址”；錄音開頭提到，美國猶他州和科羅拉多州是恐龍骨骼的發(fā)掘地，如今被稱為DinosaurNationalMonument，并不是標本保存的地方，因此A選項和B選項均可排除；C選項“美國和加拿大的邊界沿線”，錄音中提到了美國和加拿大，但并未提到邊界，因此不正確。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問很多人看到坑壁里巨大的骨骼時會想到什么？錄音中提到，許多人看到巨坑中的恐龍骨骼，認為是一些自然災(zāi)害使得一大群的恐龍葬身在這片區(qū)域，B選項“一些自然災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)一群恐龍死亡”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項“火山爆發(fā)使得整個動物群滅絕”和D選項“整片地區(qū)一定是被洪流淹沒的”表述過于絕對，錄音中均沒有明確的信息可以證明，因此可排除；C選項“這個巨坑應(yīng)該小心保存下來用作恐龍研究”在錄音中未提及，因此不選。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestaboutthelargenumberofdinosaurbonesfoundinthepit?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話人對于在巨坑中發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量恐龍骨骼有什么看法？錄音中提到，大部分遺骸可能是順著河流向東漂流而下，最后留在了一個淺灘上。A選項“它們順著河流向東漂流而下”正確。B選項“它們被深埋在沙子里達數(shù)百萬年之久”和C選項“它們是棲息在當(dāng)?shù)氐目铸埖墓趋馈痹阡浺糁胁]有提及；D選項“它們是死于火山噴發(fā)的恐龍的遺骸”最具有干擾性，主要是利用錄音中的volcanicexplosion設(shè)置干擾，錄音中雖然明確提及火山噴發(fā)可能造成大群恐龍死于巨坑之中是其他人的觀點，并不是說話人的觀點，因此可排除。

19.單選題

Duringpregnancy,thebloodcarriesessential____andoxygentothedevelopingbabyandcarriesawaywaste.

問題1選項

A.nutrients

B.nuisance

C.initiatives

D.ration

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文語義。A選項nutrients“營養(yǎng)物；養(yǎng)分”；B選項nuisance“損害；麻煩事”；C選項initiatives“倡議”；D選項ration“配給量，定量”。句意：在懷孕期間，血液攜帶必要的____和氧氣給發(fā)育中的嬰兒，并帶走廢物?？崭裨~與氧氣并列，都是嬰兒需要地東西，A選項nutrients“營養(yǎng)物；養(yǎng)分”最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

20.單選題

Lawyersoftenmakehigher（）fortheworkthantheyshould.

問題1選項

A.bills

B.charges

C.costs

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項bills“賬單”；B選項charges“費用”；C選項costs“成本”；D選項prices“價格”。句意：律師經(jīng)常收取比他們應(yīng)得的更高的費用。makechargesfor是固定搭配，意思是“對……收費；索價”。因此B選項正確。

21.單選題

Theadvertisingindustryhasresortedtoself-regulationinaseriousefforttocurtailnotonlybadtastebutalsomisrepresentationanddeceptionincopyandillustrations.

問題1選項

A.avert

B.deny

C.exclude

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:廣告業(yè)通過加強自律努力清除印刷制品與各類插圖中的低俗內(nèi)容、失實報道與欺騙信息。

avert:避免，防止。deny:否認，拒絕。reduce:減少，降低，縮小。curtail:縮減，縮短。故D項與題意一致。

22.單選題

IunderstandyourhobbyisphotographyandI’vegotajobthat（

）interestyouinmy

company.

問題1選項

A.may

B.can

C.might

D.could

【答案】A

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。這四個選項中表示的可能性由大到小依次為cancouldmaymight。can表示一般和理論上的可能性；could表示“能力”或“可能性”，并且表示比較委婉客氣地提出問題或表達看法；may表示一種可能性；might表示的可能性極小。前半句“我知道你的興趣是攝影”這是一種事實，這份工作之間讓他對公司感興趣存在可能性。故A項正確。

23.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythatthey

represent.

問題1選項

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實的小說，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實。選項A符合題意。

24.單選題

BillGatesisnottheonlyAmericanentrepreneurwithbusinessplantosavetheworld.D.Therearethousands.ConsiderSteveKirsch,whohadjustturned35whenhehadeveiythingeverythinghecouldwant.Adobe,thesoftwaregiant,hadjustpurchasedoneofhisstartups,Eframe.,ThesalemadeKirschveryrich,withashareinaprivatejet,anestateinCalifornia’sLosAltosHillsandaburningquestion:whattodowiththerestofa$50millionfortune?Afterafewyearsofdolingoutmoneytotraditionalcharities—hisalmamater,theUnitedWay—Kirschgotambitious.Hesetuphisownfoundationtobenefit“everyone”,fundingresearchoneverythingfromcancertonear-earthobjects."“Itisguaranteedthatwewillbehitbyanasteroidsometimeinthefuture,，”perhaps“beforeweendthisphoneconversation.”Kirschexplains.“Itwouldcostseveralbillionlives,andwecansavethoselivesfor$50million,whichislessthanthecostofaprivatejet.Icallitenlightenedself-interest.”

Americanphilanthropyisn’twhatitusedtobe.Gonearethedayswhenoldmoneywasdoledoutbybureaucratsfrommahogany-paneledrooms.Morepeoplearegivingoutmoremoneythaneverbefore,atmuchyoungerages,andtoamuchwidervarietyofcauses.In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving.Thenumberofprivatefoundationsrosefrom22,000in1980to55,000today.Theynowdoleoutabout$23.3billionayear,a700percentincreasesince1980.Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.VanessaKirsch,presidentandfounderoftheentrepreneurialcharityNewProfitInc.,says,“There’sthisnewbreedofsocialentrepreneurscomingoutofHarvardBusinessSchoolorfaileddot-coms,andthey’resaying,'‘Iwanttomakebigthingshappen.’”’’

Theiroutlookisincreasinglyglobal,intheGatesmold.D.Theshareoffundingthatthe1,000largestfoundationsdevotetointeractionalcausesjumpedfrom11.3percentin1999to16.3percentin2000.AndwhiletheU.S,governmentisoftencriticizedforstingyforeignaid(wellunder1percentofGNPeachyear),thesamecan’tbesaidofprivatedonors,whonowgiveaway2.1percentofU.S.GNPeachyear.“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo.IfyouwereinEngland,itisthenobility.Americansdon’tthinkit’senoughtosay,‘Igaveattheofficewithtaxes.’”’’

Tobesure,businessandphilanthropyareoldbedfellowsintheUnitedStates.TheRockefellers,theCarnegiesandtheFordssetthemold.D.ButmanywerewhatMarkDowie,authorof“AmericanFoundations:AnInvestigativeHistory,，”calls“s.o.b.B.s”—patronsof“symphonies,operas,ballets,”and“museumsandhospitalswhererichpeoplegotodie.”Thenewfoundationsaremorelike“quasi-publictrusts—progressiveinstitutionsofchange,”arguesDowie.

ThenewmoversandshakersofAmericancharityaremorelikelytobeflashyTVtitanslikeTedTurner.ThestoryofhowTurnergaveawayabillionisafoundinglegendofthisclass.InacabonhiswaytomakeaspeechattheUnitedNations,thecabletitan,sickofofficialU.S.reluctancetopayU.N.dues,decidedtoponyupI$1billionhimself.ThisshamedWashingtonandinspiredimitators.“Itisalotmorepersonality-orientedinthiscultureofnewwealth.,”saysEllenDadisman,vicepresidentoftheCouncilonFoundations.“It’ssortoflikewealthmeetsPeoplemagazine.”

InSiliconValley,thenewfashioniscalled“venturephilanthropy”,Accordingtoonesurvey,

83percentofvalleyhouseholdsgivetocharity,comparedwith69percentnationally.Buttheypreferto“invest”,not“give”.Andtoattract“investors”,fund-raiserspromisehands-onmanagementofthenonprofitstheysupport.Theydemandseatsontheboard,setperformancegoalsandplananexitstrategyincaseexpectationsaren’tmet.“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”Itmaybeinvasive,butifitworks,itcouldhelpsavetheworld.D.Evenfromasteroids.

1.WhydoestheauthorintroducesomeAmericanmillionairesatthebeginningofthepassage?

2.TheauthormentionsRonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessas______.

3.Theexpression“whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity”fromthesentence“Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.”(Para.A.2)means______.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromScottWalker’scomment(Para.A.3)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.TointroducetherapidgrowthofAmericanmillionaires

B.Toshowhowtheybecomemillionaires

C.Todisplaytherelationshipbetweenbusinessandphilanthropy

D.Toexplaintheirchangingattitudetowardscharities

問題2選項

A.RonaldReaganwasthethenAmericanPresident

B.hiscallwasseverelycriticizedbythepublic

C.RonaldReaganfirstunderstoodthesignificanceofprivatefoundations

D.hiscallreceivedmixedresponsesbutpointedthewayforphilanthropy

問題3選項

A.whoruncharitiesinthesamewayastheyrunbusinesses

B.whoupholdtheprinciplesofbusinessinmanagingcharities

C.whomanagethemoneytheysendtocharities

D.whothinkphilanthropistsshouldreceivetraining

問題4選項

A.CharitiesinEuropeancountriesarerunbythegovernmentaldepartment

B.AmericashouldearnestlylearnthepracticeofcharityfromFranceandSweden

C.EuropeancountriesshouldlearnfromAmericancharity

D.TheconceptofAmericancharityisdifferentfromthatofEuropeanones

問題5選項

A.Charitieswillbecomeprofitablebusinessesinthefuture

B.MorepeopleinSiliconValleygivemoneytocharity

C.Managementofcharitiesisrequiredtoundergochanges

D.Foundationsarebeginningtocheckhowthecharitiesarerunning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章主要講述了很多億萬富翁投身于慈善事業(yè)，開啟了慈善事業(yè)的新的模式，因此選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁用私人慈善機構(gòu)來取代政府的捐贈引起了自由派的嘲笑和捐贈狂潮（In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving），由此可知對他的做法褒貶不一，因此選項D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁私人慈善機構(gòu)代替政府捐贈之后，捐贈狂潮涌現(xiàn)，他們很多都是資本