考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Reductioninoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but（

）andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。reluctantly“不情愿地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；impulsively“有推動(dòng)力的”；anxiously“不安地，憂慮地”。句意：海外政府開支有所減少，但是比現(xiàn)在所期望的要勉強(qiáng)并且緩慢。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Ididn’treadtheblurb;I（）straightintothefirstchapter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dived

B.ran

C.plunged

D.read

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)diveinto“迅速把手伸入；投入；一心投入；跳入（指的是跳水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)作，運(yùn)動(dòng)員的那種頭朝下的）”；B選項(xiàng)runinto“遭遇，陷入；撞上，撞到；偶然遇見”；C選項(xiàng)plungeinto“投入；跳入（主要指暴力一些的進(jìn)入，比如車失控沖進(jìn)水里；人郁悶地把頭埋進(jìn)冷水盆里）；突然或倉促地開始某事；猛沖；使突然陷入；縱身投入”；D選項(xiàng)readinto“曲解；加上另外的意思于；隱藏某種意義”。句意：我沒有讀簡介，直接倉促地開始讀第一章。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

ThemodernworldonlyrecentlyreachedtheYanomano,anativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin.Shelteredbythickrainforest,theYanomanolivedaself-containedexistenceuntilgoldwasdiscoveredintheirjunglehomeland.Minersflockedintotheforests,cuttingdowntreesandbringingdiseaseandshotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway.Injustsevenyearsfromtheearly1980s,thepopulationfellby20percent.

HandsAroundtheWorld,anativeAmericanculturalassociation,saystheYanomanoarebelievedtobethemostculturallyintactpeopleintheworld.Theywearloincloths,usefiresticksanddecoratetheirbodieswithdyefromaredberry.Theydon’tusethewheelandtheonlymetaltheyuseiswhathasbeentradedtothembyoutsiders.WhenaYanomanodies,thebodyisburnedandtheremainingbonescrushedintoapowderandturnedintoadrinkthatislaterconsumedbymournersinmemoryofthedead.

AHandsAroundtheWorldreportsaysthatinSouthAmericanotonlyaretheculturesandtraditionsindangerofdisappearing,butsometribesareindangerofextinction.“TheYanomanoareawell-knowntribethatisrapidlylosingitsmembersthroughthedestructionofWesterndisease,”thereportsays.Beforeillegalgoldminersenteredtheirrainforest,theYanomanowereisolatedfrommodemsociety.

TheyoccupydensejunglenorthoftheAmazonRiverbetweenVenezuelaandBrazilandarecataloguedbyanthropologistsasneo-Indianswithculturalcharacteristicsthatdatebackmorethan8000years.Eachcommunitylivesinacircularcommunalhouse,someofwhichsleepupto400,builtaroundacentralsquare.

ThoughmanyYanomanomenaremonogamous,itisnotunusualforthemtohavetwoormorewives.AnthropologistsfromtheUniversityofWisconsinsaypolygamyisawaytoincreaseone’swealthbecausehavingalargefamilyincreaseshelpwithhuntingandcultivatingtheland.Thesemarriagesresultinashortageofwomenforothermentomarry,whichhasledtointer-tribalwars.

EachYanomanomanisresponsibleforclearinghislandforgardening,usingslash-and-humfarmingmethods.Theygrewplantains,atypeofbananaeatencooked,andhuntgameanimals,fishandanaconda(南美熱帶蟒蛇)usingbowsandarrows.

19.MinersflockedintotheforestandshotthoseYanomanowho____.

20.TheorganizationcalledHandsAroundtheWorldbelievesthatculturally,theYanomanoistheworld’s____.

21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoanAmericanculturalassociationreport?

22.Theunderlinedword“monogamous”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans____.

23.____causedtheYanomanotohaveinter-tribalwars.

24.WecaninferfromthepassagethatitisimperativeforustoprotecttheYanomanobecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shelteredinthickrainforest

B.wouldnotleavetheirjunglehomeland

C.livedaself-containedexistence

D.wouldstandintheirway

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostprimitivepeople

B.mostbackwardpeople

C.mostadvancedpeople

D.oldestpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.InSouthAmerica,theculturesareonthevergeofextinction.

B.InSouthAmerica,thetraditionsareonthevergeofextinction.

C.InSouthAmerica,theYanomanocansurviveextinction.

D.InSouthAmerica,sometribesareonthevergeofextinction.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havingonewife

B.havingtwoormorewives

C.havingonechild

D.havingtwoormorechildren

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrompolygamy

B.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrompolygamy

C.Theshortageofwomenresultingfrommonogamy

D.Thedifferenceinwealthresultingfrommonogamy

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.itisaculturallymostintactpeople

B.itisaprimitivepeopledeepinjungle

C.itisanativepeopleoftheAmazonbasin

D.itisprimitivepeopleindangerofdisappearing

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

【解析】19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

MinersflockedintotheforestandshotthoseYanomanowho____.礦工們涌進(jìn)森林射殺了那些____的Yanomano（亞諾瑪諾人）。

A.shelteredinthickrainforestA.躲在茂密的熱帶雨林中

B.wouldnotleavetheirjunglehomelandB.不會(huì)離開他們的叢林家園

C.livedaself-containedexistenceC.過著自給自足的生活

D.wouldstandintheirwayD.會(huì)阻礙他們

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞MinersflockedintotheforestandshotthoseYanomano可定位到原文第1段第3句，該句講到“礦工們涌入森林（Minersflockedintotheforests），砍伐樹木，帶來疾病，射殺那些不愿讓開的亞諾瑪諾人（shotthoseYanomanowhowouldnotgetoutoftheway）?！庇纱丝芍?，D選項(xiàng)wouldstandintheirway“會(huì)阻礙他們”表述正確，standintheirway與notgetoutoftheway屬于同義替換。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“躲在茂密的熱帶雨林中”、C選項(xiàng)“過著自給自足的生活”，均可定位到原文第1段第2句，該句講到“在茂密的熱帶雨林的庇護(hù)下（Shelteredbythickrainforest），亞諾瑪諾人過著自給自足的生活（livedaself-containedexistence），直到在他們的叢林家園發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金?！庇纱丝芍?，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)是在介紹亞諾瑪諾人之前的生活，而不是介紹他們被射殺的原因；

B選項(xiàng)“不會(huì)離開他們的叢林家園”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。

20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheorganizationcalledHandsAroundtheWorldbelievesthatculturally,theYanomanoistheworld’s____.這個(gè)名為HandsAroundTheWorld的組織認(rèn)為，從文化上講，亞諾瑪諾人是世界上____。

A.mostprimitivepeopleA.最原始的民族

B.mostbackwardpeopleB.最落后的民族

C.mostadvancedpeopleC.最先進(jìn)的民族

D.oldestpeopleD.最老的民族

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HandsAroundtheWorld和culturally定位到原文第2段第1句，該句講到“美國本土文化協(xié)會(huì)HandsAroundtheWorld表示，亞諾瑪諾人被認(rèn)為是世界上文化保存最完整的人（themostculturallyintactpeople）。”本段后面的部分都在具體的介紹亞諾瑪諾人的文化，他們“穿腰布，用火棒，用紅漿果染料裝飾身體”，不會(huì)制造金屬，火葬，骨灰被制成飲料供哀悼者引用，以紀(jì)念死者。綜上所述，原文指該協(xié)會(huì)認(rèn)為亞諾瑪諾人的原始文化保存得最完整，本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有A選項(xiàng)“最原始的民族”最符合原文表述。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均不符合原文。

21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoanAmericanculturalassociationreport?根據(jù)美國文化協(xié)會(huì)的報(bào)告，下列哪項(xiàng)是不正確的？

A.InSouthAmerica,theculturesareonthevergeofextinction.A.在南美洲，這些文化瀕臨滅絕。

B.InSouthAmerica,thetraditionsareonthevergeofextinction.B.在南美洲，這種傳統(tǒng)正瀕臨滅絕。

C.InSouthAmerica,theYanomanocansurviveextinction.C.在南美洲，亞諾瑪諾人可以從滅絕中幸存下來。

D.InSouthAmerica,sometribesareonthevergeofextinction.D.在南美洲，一些部落正處于滅絕的邊緣。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞anAmericanculturalassociationreport以及選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞InSouthAmerica和thevergeofextinction，可定位到原文第3段第2句，該句說到“亞諾瑪諾是一個(gè)著名的部落，由于西方疾病的破壞，他們的成員正在迅速流失（rapidlylosingitsmembers）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“在南美洲，亞諾瑪諾人可以從滅絕中幸存下來”表述不正常，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)，可定位到原文第3段第1句，該句說到“一份美國文化協(xié)會(huì)HandsAroundtheWorld的報(bào)告稱，在南美洲，不僅文化和傳統(tǒng)（culturesandtraditions）面臨消失的危險(xiǎn)（indangerofdisappearing），而且一些部落（sometribes）也面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)（indangerofextinction）?！庇纱丝芍?，原文提到南美洲的文化、傳統(tǒng)以及一些原始部落都瀕臨滅絕，A、B、D選項(xiàng)均表述正確。本題要求選擇的是表述不正確的一項(xiàng)，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theunderlinedword“monogamous”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans____.第五段中下劃線的單詞“monogamous”的意思可能是____。

A.havingonewifeA.有一個(gè)妻子

B.havingtwoormorewivesB.有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子

C.havingonechildC.有一個(gè)孩子

D.havingtwoormorechildrenD.有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的孩子

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測題。

【解題思路】句中前后信息銜接：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefifthparagraph定位到原文第5段，該段第1句提到“雖然（Though）許多亞諾瑪諾男人____，但亞諾瑪諾男人有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子（twoormorewives）并不罕見（notunusual）?！备鶕?jù)Though推斷，前后分句之間存在讓步關(guān)系，而后一個(gè)分句說亞諾瑪諾男人有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子不罕見，那么前一個(gè)分句應(yīng)該說的是沒有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子。由此可知，monogamous的意思應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)妻子”。另外，monogamous中mono的意思是“單一的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子”，與原文意思相悖，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)孩子”，原文指的是妻子，不是孩子，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的孩子”，原文指的是妻子，不是孩子，屬于無中生有。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

____causedtheYanomanotohaveinter-tribalwars.____導(dǎo)致了亞諾瑪諾部落間的戰(zhàn)爭。

A.TheshortageofwomenresultingfrompolygamyA.一夫多妻導(dǎo)致的婦女短缺

B.ThedifferenceinwealthresultingfrompolygamyB.由一夫多妻造成的財(cái)富差異

C.TheshortageofwomenresultingfrommonogamyC.一夫一妻導(dǎo)致的婦女短缺

D.ThedifferenceinwealthresultingfrommonogamyD.由一夫一妻造成的財(cái)富差異

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inter-tribalwars定位到倒數(shù)第2段最后一句。該句提到“這些婚姻（Thesemarriages）導(dǎo)致了可供其他男性結(jié)婚的女性短缺（ashortageofwomen），這導(dǎo)致了部落間的戰(zhàn)爭（whichhasledtointer-tribalwars）?！庇纱丝芍瑢?dǎo)致部落間戰(zhàn)爭的是女性短缺，而女性短缺是由這些婚姻（Thesemarriages）造成的。因此，我們需要知道“這些婚姻（Thesemarriages）”到底是指什么。倒數(shù)第2段前兩句說到“雖然許多雅諾瑪諾男人只有一個(gè)妻子，但他們有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子并不罕見?！薄巴箍敌链髮W(xué)的人類學(xué)家說，一夫多妻制（polygamy）是一種增加財(cái)富的方式，因?yàn)榇蠹彝ビ兄卺鳙C和耕種土地?！庇纱送茢啵辉谏贁?shù)的男性為了增加財(cái)富，娶了兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的妻子（即一夫多妻），導(dǎo)致了可供其他男性結(jié)婚的女性短缺，從而引發(fā)了部落間的戰(zhàn)爭。因此，A選項(xiàng)“一夫多妻導(dǎo)致的婦女短缺”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“由一夫多妻造成的財(cái)富差異”，主要原因是婦女短缺，而不是財(cái)富差異，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“一夫一妻導(dǎo)致的婦女短缺”，造成婦女短缺的不是一夫一妻，而是一夫多妻，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“由一夫一妻造成的財(cái)富差異”，造成戰(zhàn)爭的不是“財(cái)富差異”，造成財(cái)富差異的也不是“一夫一妻”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WecaninferfromthepassagethatitisimperativeforustoprotecttheYanomanobecause______.我們可以從文章中推斷，我們必須保護(hù)亞諾瑪諾人，因?yàn)開___。

A.itisaculturallymostintactpeopleA.它是一個(gè)文化上最完整的民族

B.itisaprimitivepeopledeepinjungleB.這是一個(gè)生活在叢林深處的原始人

C.itisanativepeopleoftheAmazonbasinC.它是亞馬孫盆地的土著民族

D.itisprimitivepeopleindangerofdisappearingD.它是瀕臨滅絕的原始人

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本題問的是“為什么保護(hù)亞諾瑪諾人勢在必行”，imperative的意思是“緊迫的；至關(guān)重要的”。雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的表述都符合原文，但是只有D選項(xiàng)提到了“瀕臨滅絕（indangerofdisappearing）”，這才是他們需要保護(hù)，且急需保護(hù)的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)也是對亞諾瑪諾人的正確表述，但這3點(diǎn)并不能解釋“為什么保護(hù)亞諾瑪諾人勢在必行”。

4.單選題

Herfacewasafair（）toherdisposition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mark

B.indication

C.preface

D.index.

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:mark“斑點(diǎn)；記號；成績”；B:indication“指示；象征”；C:preface“序言，引語”；D:index“索引；＜數(shù)＞指數(shù)；指示；標(biāo)志”。句意：她的臉是顯示她氣質(zhì)的一個(gè)很好的指標(biāo)。根據(jù)語境和句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hisintelligenceandexperiencewillenablehimto（）thecomplicatedsituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.settledown

C.intervenein

D.interferewith

【答案】A

【解析】copewith處理,應(yīng)對；settledown定居；intervenein干預(yù),插手；interferewith干擾,妨礙。句意：他的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)將使他能夠應(yīng)付復(fù)雜的局面。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

IftheCommissionfinds,afternoticeandopportunityforhearing,thatanypersonisviolating,hasviolated,orisabouttoviolateanyprovisionofthistitle,oranyruleorregulationthereunder,theCommissionmaypublishitsfindingsandenteranorderrequiringsuchperson,andanyotherpersonthatis,was,orwouldbeacauseoftheviolation,duetoanactoromissionthepersonkneworshouldhaveknownwouldcontributetosuchviolation,toceaseanddesistfromcommittingorcausingsuchviolationandanyfutureviolationofthesameprovision,rule,orregulation.Suchordermay,inadditiontorequiringapersontoceaseanddesistfromcommittingorcausingaviolation,requiresuchpersontocomply,ortotakestepstoeffectcompliancewithsuchprovision,rule,orregulation,uponsuchtermsandconditionsandwithinsuchtimeasthecommissionmayspecifyinsuchorder.Anysuchordermay,astheCommissiondeemsappropriate,requirefuturecomplianceorstepstoeffectfuturecompliance,eitherpermanentlyorforsuchperiodoftimeastheCommissionmayspecify,withsuchprovision,ruleorregulationwithrespecttoanysecurity,anyissuer,oranyotherperson.

【答案】在通知和一個(gè)聽訊機(jī)會(huì)后，如果委員會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何人正在、已經(jīng)或即將去違反這個(gè)法令的任何條款、或其下的任何規(guī)則或規(guī)章，那么該委員會(huì)可能發(fā)布其調(diào)查結(jié)果，且提出一個(gè)指令，其要求這個(gè)人和任何其它人（這個(gè)人因其知曉或本應(yīng)知曉的會(huì)導(dǎo)致如此違反的一個(gè)行為或疏忽而現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)硎谴祟愡`反的一個(gè)原因）停止犯下或造成此類違反和任何對同樣條款的將來違反。除需要一個(gè)人停止犯下或?qū)е乱粋€(gè)違反之外，如此的指令可能要求這類人，依據(jù)該委員會(huì)在如此的指令中可能規(guī)定的條款和條件以及時(shí)間期限，去遵守或采取措施去實(shí)現(xiàn)遵守如此的條款，規(guī)則或規(guī)章。就任何擔(dān)保人、發(fā)行者或任何其它人而言，任何如此的指令可能，如同該委員會(huì)認(rèn)為恰當(dāng)?shù)哪菢?，要求以后永久地或在該委員會(huì)可能規(guī)定的時(shí)間段內(nèi)遵守或采取措施去實(shí)現(xiàn)遵守如此的條款、規(guī)則或規(guī)章。

7.單選題

It（

）atleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.entitlesyouto

B.providesyou

C.suppliesyoufor

D.givesyouto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)entitlesyouto“給你……權(quán)”；B選項(xiàng)providesyou“提供你”；C選項(xiàng)suppliesyoufor“為你提供”；D選項(xiàng)givesyouto“給你”。句意：當(dāng)你鏡框和鏡片都買了的話，它會(huì)給你鏡框或者鏡片半價(jià)的折扣。這里答案選A，只有當(dāng)你鏡框和鏡片都買，你才有半價(jià)權(quán)利。provide后面不能接雙賓語，所以不選；give可以接雙賓語，所以不需要加to；supply一般與with或者to搭配，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

ThelargestmeteoriteondisplayisintheAmericanMuseuminNewYorkCity（）over34tons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anditweighs

B.itweighs

C.itsweightis

D.whichitweighs

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知，前面句子已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞is，而選項(xiàng)中均有謂語動(dòng)詞weigh，因此前后謂語所在的句子之間需要用并列連詞and連接，故選A項(xiàng)。句意：最大的隕石在紐約的美國博物館展出，重量超過34噸。

9.單選題

Wecan（

）aconclusionfromthesefactswehavecollected.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalize

B.nominate

C.label

D.integrate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。generalize意為“概括，歸納”；nominate意為“提名，任命”；label意為“貼標(biāo)簽于”；integrate意為“(使)合并，成為一體”。

句意：我們可以從收集到的這些事實(shí)中歸納出一個(gè)結(jié)論。

10.單選題

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的；中意的”；B選項(xiàng)engaged“使用中的；占線的”；C選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的”；D選項(xiàng)prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之間總是存在著______和宗教性的爭議。根據(jù)語境，D選項(xiàng)prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“爭議”比較合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的爭議是遲早的事。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thegovernorsaidhewould（

）judgmentuntilhereceivedthecommittee’sreport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withstand

B.withhold

C.scrutinize

D.ferret

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。withstand意為“經(jīng)受，承受”；withhold意為“拒給，扣留”；scrutinize意為“仔細(xì)檢查”；ferret意為“搜出，查獲”。

句意：州長說，他將在收到委員會(huì)的報(bào)告后才做出判斷。

12.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:Saltisbadforyou—regardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship，”USCongressmanNealSmithnoted,betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.’’Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureunderwentnochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation，”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Foranaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissaltallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayesJr.admitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.’’Infact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium,obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium),genericpredisposition,stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy，”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon’tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（

）

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（

）

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（

）

4.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth.

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders.

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases.

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople.

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure.

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient.

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt.

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt.

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease.

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thatthesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thattheoriginofhypertensionisnowfound.

C.Thatthemoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Thatsaltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的文章意思，以及第三句中的“directrelationship”，可以得出選項(xiàng)C最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容，試驗(yàn)中一半的高血壓患者在食用低鹽食品時(shí)血壓有所降低，可以推斷出低鹽飲食可以作為治療高血壓患者的一個(gè)方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，充足或者稍微過量的攝入鹽，會(huì)拯救更多的人，而不是只會(huì)害死人，不可能建議所有人群都禁止食用食鹽。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)文章意思，A選項(xiàng)中的理論并未得到證實(shí)，B和D選項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。用排除法可知，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.填空題

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith（1）E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto（2）groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.語法題?？疾椴欢ü谠~。第一個(gè)空格后的“official官員”為單數(shù)知第一個(gè)空格應(yīng)填一個(gè)不定冠詞a或an,再由EU的發(fā)音“[，i:'ju:]"中第一個(gè)字母為元音發(fā)音知第一個(gè)空應(yīng)填“an”。

2.語義題。句意:探討天津地區(qū)地下水污染防治對策

14.翻譯題

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday'smediaandtechnologybrawl—iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD—wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it'sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit'sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.(1)Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfotechisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday'sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.(2)SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn'texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It'snosurprise,ofcourse.(3)Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision'sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

(4)Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople~over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumers.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe'dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe'reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

(5)NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.B.White,whoin1938wrote,"Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure."Westilldon'tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese

【答案】（1）當(dāng)你設(shè)法弄清消費(fèi)信息技術(shù)將向何處發(fā)展以及這對社會(huì)意味著什么時(shí)，要記住這個(gè)重要的核心事實(shí)：人們只是想看更多的電視節(jié)目。

（2）就像其他每個(gè)消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品公司做的那樣，索尼公司在最近的消費(fèi)類電子產(chǎn)品展會(huì)上推出大量產(chǎn)品，這些產(chǎn)品是用來把網(wǎng)絡(luò)視頻放到電視上。在同時(shí)舉行的麥客世界展會(huì)上，蘋果公司總栽史蒂夫?喬布斯推出具有同樣功能的蘋果電視。

（3）從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在，基本而明顯的事實(shí)是處理器的功能不斷提高和帶寬的不斷增大，而預(yù)言家們已經(jīng)自信地預(yù)測了這一天。正如他們自信地預(yù)言它的含義：傳統(tǒng)的電視節(jié)目會(huì)被替代。

（4）實(shí)際情況卻正好相反。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代有其他多種選擇，我們美國人如今看的無聊電視卻比以往任何時(shí)候都多，這就說明了問題。

（5）關(guān)于電視，沒有人比著名的《紐約人》雜志評論家E.B.懷特的評價(jià)更恰當(dāng)。他在1938年寫道：“我們的好壞將取決于電視,這一點(diǎn)我敢肯定?！?/p>

15.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（

）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occasionally“偶爾地，偶然”；B選項(xiàng)simultaneously“同時(shí)地”；C選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；D選項(xiàng)promptly“迅速地，立即”。根據(jù)togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth（來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)）及句意可知A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯，表示捋頭發(fā)這個(gè)動(dòng)作偶爾做。句意：在打字時(shí)，海倫有一個(gè)習(xí)慣，偶爾停下來捋一下她又長又飄逸的頭發(fā)。

16.單選題

Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.excel

C.aim

D.gaze

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)workat“從事于，致力于”；B選項(xiàng)excelat“突出，擅長于”；C選項(xiàng)aimat“目的在于”；D選項(xiàng)gazeat“盯住，凝視”。根據(jù)句意可知，填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“為什么有些人擅長數(shù)學(xué)，而有些人擅長藝術(shù)或排球?”選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

17.單選題

"Toomanychildstarsgrowuptobeunhappyadults.Hehastobecautiousandnot（）himselffromreallife.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceal

B.camouflage

C.insulate

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”；B選項(xiàng)camouflage“偽裝，掩飾”；C選項(xiàng)insulate“隔離，使孤立”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“使…模糊不清，掩蓋；隱藏”。句意：太多的童星長大后都并不快樂。他必須小心謹(jǐn)慎但不能將自己隔離現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。這里選C項(xiàng)“insulate”比較合適，insulateoneselffromreallife表示“將自己隔離現(xiàn)實(shí)生活”。

18.單選題

Thecentipedehaspoisonclawsonthefirstsegmentofitsbody（

）todefenditselfandtokillitsprey.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andtheseuses

B.alsousesthese

C.thesealsoused

D.andusesthese

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知句子的主語為Thecentipede，謂語是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列謂語，has和uses為句子的謂語部分。句意：蜈蚣身體的第一節(jié)有毒爪，用來自我保護(hù)和殺死獵物。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.單選題

Doyourchildrenworrythattheymightfeelpressureto（）yourhero’simage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.catchupwith

B.addupto

C.comeupwith

D.liveupto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)catchupwith“趕上；逮捕；處罰”；B選項(xiàng)addupto“總計(jì)達(dá)”；C選項(xiàng)comeupwith“提出；想出；設(shè)法拿出（所需錢款）”；D選項(xiàng)liveupto“符合；做到”。句意：你的孩子是否擔(dān)心他們會(huì)對（）你心目中英雄的形象感到壓力?根據(jù)語境，liveupto“符合；做到”搭配hero’simage“英雄形象”比較合理。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.

Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.

Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.

Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.

Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.

1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould

（

）.

3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attention.

B.watchfulness.

C.survey.

D.opinion.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.

B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.

C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.

D.requiresadifferentdefinition.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.isstillprevailing.

B.canrarelybeseen

C.iswadingfast

D.requiresadifferentdefinition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.

B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.

C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.

D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitsculture

B.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends

C.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationships

D.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，“observation”指的是上文所提及的認(rèn)為大多數(shù)美國人和加拿大人友好，禮貌和樂于助人的觀點(diǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，邊境地區(qū)人們的生活通常是單調(diào)乏味的，所以他們喜歡招待旅行者或陌生人，因?yàn)檫@些陌生人和旅行者不僅帶來了消遣，還帶來了外部世界的消息。也就是說，給他們的生活帶來了些許改變，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A表述太片面；選項(xiàng)B和D在文中沒有提及。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS...”招待陌生人的古老傳統(tǒng)在美國仍然非常盛行。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.”到美國旅游的人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)并不罕見，但并不總是能夠正確的理解。也就是說，到美國來旅游的游客很難理解美國人的友好。選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可