考研考博-英語-山東服裝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東服裝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山區(qū)，大部分降雪被壓成冰。compacted意為壓實(shí)，壓緊。brokendown打破，折斷；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled編輯；compressed壓緊，壓縮。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

2.單選題

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。C選項(xiàng)的thereexist是therebe句型的變形。需認(rèn)清句中關(guān)系詞that的先行詞是onemovingsoul。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

ThepoliticalcrisisinUkraine,whereoppositionprotestersareburningcampfiresandsettinguptentsinthecenterofKiev,ispresentingatestforRussia,whichgambledheavilyonitsneighbor’spresidentialelection.

Adefeatofthepro-Moscowcandidate,PrimeMinisterViktorYanukovych,wouldhumiliatetheKremlinoneyearafteranotherformerSovietrepublic,Georgia,slippedfromitsinfluence,accordingtoobserversandpoliticalanalysts.

TheUkrainianupheavalechoeswhathappenedinGeorgia,whereprotestsovervoteriggingledtotheresignationofaMoscow-linkedpresidentandalandslidevictoryofayoung,western-educatedandWestern-orientedleader.

ForMoscow,thestakesareevenhigherinUkraine.UnlikeGeorgia,UkrainesharescloseethnicandlinguistictieswithRussia;Kiev,Ukraine’scapital,isthecradleoftheRussiancultureandtheancientcapitalofthefirstRussianstate.

PresidentVladimirV.PutinofRussiawantstoforgeacloserunionbetweenthreeSlavicnationsRussia,Ukraine,andtiny,authoritarianBelarusandUkraineiskeytotheplan,RussianbusinesseshavemajorinterestsinUkraine,whichbordersRussiatothewest.TheRussianmilitaryalsowantstohaveUkraineasanallyoverwhichitcanholdsway,notasapotentialNATOparticipant,theanalystssaid.

AsotherformerrepublicsturnedawayfromRussia,Moscow“getsthefeelingthatUkraineisitsclosestally,withasymbolicsignificance,”saidMarshaLipmanoftheCarnegieMoscowCenter.“RussiahasgivenitselfagoalofgettingacontrollableUkraine.I'mafraiditwon’thappen.”

PutinquicklycongratulatedYanukovychfollowingSunday’svote,whichpittedtheprimeministeragainstoppositionleaderViktorYushchenko.ButWesternobserversreportedvotingfraud,andhundredsofthousandsofUkrainiansralliedinprotest.

“Ifthecrisislasts,itwillbecomeapotentialsourceofproblemsforRussia’srelationswiththeWest,”saidAlexanderPikayev,anindependentpoliticalanalystinMoscow“Russiawillhavetoshareresponsibilityfortheacutepoliticalcrisis.”

TheKremlinhadcomeoutearlyandstronglyforYanukovychbeforetheelection.PutintraveledtwicetoUkraine,aheadofeachroundofvoting.Tosupporttheofficialpurposeofhisfirstvisit,attendinganniversarycelebrationsofUkraine’sliberationfromtheNazisinWorldWarII,thefestivitieswererescheduledfor10daysearlierthantheactualdate.

Sincethevote,theKremlin’spropagandamachinehasbeeninfullswing.Russia’sChannelOnetelevision,controlledbytheKremlinlikeallothermajornetworksaccusedtheUkrainianoppositionofbreakingthelawbydeclaringYushchenkotherightfullyelectedpresident.

Inhisprime-timeshow,televisioncommentatorMikhailLeontyevcomparedtheUkrainianoppositiontoMiddleEasternmilitants.“ButthisisnottheGazaStrip,andthechaoscannotgoonindefinitely,”hesaid,warningthatproteststrikeswouldonlyhurtordinarypeople.

RussiantelevisionalsoairedreportsontheanniversaryofGeorgia's“RoseRevolution”onTuesday,sayingthecountrywassteepedinmiseryandpovertyayearafterthefalloftheoldgovernment.Russianindependentnewspapers,however,whichreachonlyafractionoftheTVaudience,wroteaboutadifferentGeorgiathesamedaytellinghowhappyGeorgianshaddecoratedshopwindowsandrestaurantswithrosestocelebrate.

ManyRussiansviewUkraine’spowerfuloppositionasakindofforcethathasdisappearedinRussiaundertheincreasinglyauthoritarianPutinadministration.

Russiahasnothadaseriouslycontestedpresidentialelectionsince1996,whenBorisYeltsinnarrowlydefeatedaCommunistchallenger.Thepoliticaloppositionhereisfracturedandmarginalized,oustedfromparliamentinlastyear’sballotingcloselydirectedbytheKremlin.

RussianoptimistshopeadefeatofYanukovychwouldforcetheKremlintoreconsideritsattemptstocontrolpoliticallifeinotherformerSovietrepublics.PessimistsfearthathislosswouldonlyprompttheKremlintotightenitsrule.

“Thestakesarehigh,”Lipmansaid.“It’saquestionofwhetherRussia’sneighborwillbeaUkrainerulednotthroughdemocraticinstitutesbutthroughadministrativemeans,oraUkrainethatwillembracedemocracy.”

1.Bysaying“ForMoscow,thestakesareevenhigherinUkraine”,theauthormeans（）.

2.AstoUkrainianelection,whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.What'sthemeaningofthesentence“...theKremlin’spropagandamachinehasbeeninfullswing”?

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alloftheformerSovietRepublicsbetrayedRussiaexceptUkraine

B.UkraineisthekeytoPutin’spoliticalplan

C.UkraineisunlikeGeorgiainmanyaspects

D.UkraineweighsmoreforitscloselinkwithRussia

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.AnyofRussia'simproperresponseswillcausepoliticalcrisisinUkraine.

B.Russiahadrescheduledalotoffestivitiesbeforetheactualdateoftheelection.

C.Putin’scongratulationhascausedoppositionbetweenthetwocandidates.

D.ThevotingfraudreportedbyKremlincausedarallyinprotest.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheRussianmediahasturnedfromsidetosideasitdoesn’tknowwhichsidetostand.

B.TheRussianmediahasshownanoverwhelmingsupportforYanukovych.

C.DifferentreportsfromKremlin’smediamadethepublicswingfromtimetotime.

D.Unlikewesternmedia,Kremlin’spropagandamachinehastakenaneutralstand.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Russiansweredissatisfiedwiththeabsenceofaseriouslycontestedelection.

B.RussiawouldtightenitsruletocontrolpoliticallifeinotherformerSovietrepublics.

C.AsequenceofupheavalsinitsneighborsindicateRussia’slossofcontroloverthem.

D.RussiawouldallowUkrainetoberuledthroughdemocraticinstitutes.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Bysaying“ForMoscow,thestakesareevenhigherinUkraine”,theauthormeans______.1.通過說“對莫斯科來說，烏克蘭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大”，作者的意思是______。

A.alloftheformerSovietRepublicsbetrayedRussiaexceptUkraineA.除了烏克蘭，所有的前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國都背叛了俄羅斯

B.UkraineisthekeytoPutin’spoliticalplanB.烏克蘭是普京政治計(jì)劃的關(guān)鍵

C.UkraineisunlikeGeorgiainmanyaspectsC.烏克蘭在很多方面都不像格魯吉亞

D.UkraineweighsmoreforitscloselinkwithRussiaD.烏克蘭因其與俄羅斯的緊密聯(lián)系而更為重要

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段“對莫斯科來說，烏克蘭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。烏克蘭與俄羅斯有著密切的種族和語言聯(lián)系；烏克蘭首都基輔是俄羅斯文化的搖籃，也是俄羅斯第一個(gè)國家的古都?！?，由該段的內(nèi)容可以推斷，作者說“對莫斯科來說，烏克蘭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大”的意思是指烏克蘭對俄羅斯來說很重要，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“除了烏克蘭，所有的前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國都背叛了俄羅斯”，文中沒有提到前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國背叛了俄羅斯，該項(xiàng)無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“烏克蘭是普京政治計(jì)劃的關(guān)鍵”，原文第五段提到俄羅斯總統(tǒng)普京希望在三個(gè)斯拉夫國家之間建立更緊密的聯(lián)盟，而烏克蘭是計(jì)劃的關(guān)鍵，但與題干無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴；

C項(xiàng)“烏克蘭在很多方面都不像格魯吉亞”，根據(jù)第三段第一句“烏克蘭的動蕩與格魯吉亞的情況類似”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.AstoUkrainianelection,whichofthefollowingistrue?2.關(guān)于烏克蘭選舉，以下哪項(xiàng)是正確的？

A.AnyofRussia’simproperresponseswillcausepoliticalcrisisinUkraine.A.俄羅斯的任何不當(dāng)反應(yīng)都將在烏克蘭引發(fā)政治危機(jī)。

B.Russiahadrescheduledalotoffestivitiesbeforetheactualdateoftheelection.B.俄羅斯在選舉前重新安排了很多慶?；顒?。

C.Putin’scongratulationhascausedoppositionbetweenthetwocandidates.C.普京的祝賀引起了兩位候選人之間的反對。

D.ThevotingfraudreportedbyKremlincausedarallyinprotest.D.克里姆林宮報(bào)道的選舉舞弊引發(fā)了一場抗議集會。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第八段的內(nèi)容“莫斯科獨(dú)立政治分析師亞歷山大?皮卡耶夫說：‘如果危機(jī)持續(xù)下去，它將成為俄羅斯與西方關(guān)系的潛在問題源。俄羅斯將不得不為這場嚴(yán)重的政治危機(jī)分擔(dān)責(zé)任。’”可知，俄羅斯的任何不當(dāng)反應(yīng)都將在烏克蘭引發(fā)政治危機(jī)。所以A項(xiàng)“俄羅斯的任何不當(dāng)反應(yīng)都將在烏克蘭引發(fā)政治危機(jī)”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“俄羅斯在選舉前重新安排了很多慶?；顒印保ㄎ坏降谑蔚谌洹盀榱酥С炙氖状卧L問的官方目的，即參加烏克蘭在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中從納粹手中解放出來的周年慶?；顒?，慶?；顒颖恢匦掳才艦楸葘?shí)際日期早10天?！笨芍闹刑岬街皇菍⒒顒訒r(shí)間提前，并沒有說有很多活動，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“普京的祝賀引起了兩位候選人之間的反對”在文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D項(xiàng)“克里姆林宮報(bào)道的選舉舞弊引發(fā)了一場抗議集會”，烏克蘭存在選舉舞弊是西方觀察人士提出來的，而不是由克里姆林宮報(bào)道出來的，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.What’sthemeaningofthesentence“...theKremlin’spropagandamachinehasbeeninfullswing”?3.“……克里姆林宮的宣傳機(jī)構(gòu)一直在全力運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”這句話是什么意思？

A.TheRussianmediahasturnedfromsidetosideasitdoesn’tknowwhichsidetostand.A.俄羅斯媒體一直在左右搖擺，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢涝撜驹谀囊贿叀?/p>

B.TheRussianmediahasshownanoverwhelmingsupportforYanukovych.B.俄羅斯媒體對亞努科維奇表示了壓倒性的支持。

C.DifferentreportsfromKremlin’smediamadethepublicswingfromtimetotime.C.克里姆林宮媒體的不同報(bào)道讓公眾時(shí)不時(shí)地?fù)u擺不定。

D.Unlikewesternmedia,Kremlin’spropagandamachinehastakenaneutralstand.D.與西方媒體不同，克里姆林宮的宣傳機(jī)構(gòu)采取了中立立場。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到原文第十段“自投票以來，克里姆林宮的宣傳機(jī)構(gòu)一直在全力運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。由克里姆林宮控制的俄羅斯第一電視臺和其他主要電視臺一樣，指責(zé)烏克蘭反對派宣布尤先科合法當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)，違反了法律?！?，從中可知，俄羅斯電視臺指責(zé)尤先科當(dāng)選烏克蘭總統(tǒng)是違法的，這也就是說俄羅斯媒體對亞努科維奇當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)表示了絕對的支持。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“俄羅斯媒體一直在左右搖擺，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢涝撜驹谀囊贿叀焙虳項(xiàng)“與西方媒體不同，克里姆林宮的宣傳機(jī)構(gòu)采取了中立立場”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這兩項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“克里姆林宮媒體的不同報(bào)道讓公眾時(shí)不時(shí)地?fù)u擺不定”沒有提及，無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?4.從這篇文章中可以推斷出什么？

A.Russiansweredissatisfiedwiththeabsenceofaseriouslycontestedelection.A.俄羅斯人對沒有一場競爭激烈的選舉感到不滿。

B.RussiawouldtightenitsruletocontrolpoliticallifeinotherformerSovietrepublics.B.俄羅斯將加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)治，控制其他前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國的政治生活。

C.AsequenceofupheavalsinitsneighborsindicateRussia’slossofcontroloverthem.C.鄰國發(fā)生的一系列動蕩表明，俄羅斯已經(jīng)失去了對它們的控制。

D.RussiawouldallowUkrainetoberuledthroughdemocraticinstitutes.D.俄羅斯將允許烏克蘭通過民主機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第六段的內(nèi)容可知，隨著其他前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國紛紛離開俄羅斯，莫斯科“感覺到烏克蘭是它最親密的盟友，具有象征意義”。俄羅斯給自己設(shè)定了一個(gè)目標(biāo)，那就是控制烏克蘭。然而烏克蘭發(fā)生了政變，俄羅斯并沒有達(dá)成這一目標(biāo)，由此說明，鄰國的一系列動蕩表明俄羅斯對它們失去了控制。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“俄羅斯人對沒有一場競爭激烈的選舉感到不滿”在文中沒有這一句，無中生有；

B項(xiàng)“俄羅斯將加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)治，控制其他前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國的政治生活”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，前蘇聯(lián)加盟共和國離開了俄羅斯，俄羅斯失去了對鄰國的控制，所以該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“俄羅斯將允許烏克蘭通過民主機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治”，根據(jù)最后一段“俄羅斯的鄰國會成為一個(gè)不是通過民主機(jī)構(gòu)而是通過行政手段統(tǒng)治的烏克蘭，還是一個(gè)擁抱民主的烏克蘭，這是一個(gè)問題（it’saquestion）”可知，該項(xiàng)并不能推斷出來，屬于曲解原文。

4.單選題

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttryto（1）thatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience（2）itcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnot（3）theminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublichasaratherambivalentattitude（4）science.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardof（5）thatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoon（6）ofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.Itisalsoanimportant（7）behindsupportfortheGreenparties.

Whatcanbedoneto（8）thisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoften（9）inadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon’tseeits（10）totheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareaconciseandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicsideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.discern

C.ensure

D.anticipate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.sothat

C.despitethat

D.though

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.clutch

B.leave

C.fabricate

D.nurture

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.with

C.upon

D.toward

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.living

B.life

C.survival

D.lives

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.literature

B.person

C.art

D.figure

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.role

B.concept

C.element

D.index

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.harness

C.foster

D.extinguish

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.presented

B.conducted

C.portrayed

D.utilized

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.contribution

C.application

D.relevance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

【解析】（1）名詞詞義辨析。assess“評估”;discern“辨別”;ensure“確?！?anticipate“預(yù)期”。句意：我們不能阻止科學(xué)和技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保這些改變是正確的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）邏輯推理。根據(jù)文意，在民主社會中，公民需要對科學(xué)有一個(gè)基本的了解，以便于他們可以自己做出明智的決定。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（3）動詞詞義辨析。clutch“抓住”;leave“留給”;fabricate“編造”;nurture“養(yǎng)育”。句意：人們可以做出明智的決定，而不會把問題都留在專家手中。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）短語搭配。attitudetowards“對……的態(tài)度”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）短語搭配。根據(jù)文意，人們想要提高生活水平，故“standardofliving”生活水平符合題意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（6）根據(jù)文意，人們對科學(xué)的不信任，體現(xiàn)在動畫中塑造的那些科學(xué)家卡通人物，他們在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造科學(xué)怪人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）名詞詞義辨析。role“角色，任務(wù)”；concept“概念，想法”；element“要素”；index“指數(shù)”。句意：這個(gè)在支持綠黨中發(fā)揮著重要作用。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）動詞詞義辨析。constrain“強(qiáng)迫”；harness“利用”；foster“培養(yǎng)”；extinguish“熄滅”。句意：為了讓公眾們做出明智的決定，我們應(yīng)該怎么做去培養(yǎng)他們的興趣以及給他們提供科學(xué)背景呢？選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）動詞詞義辨析。present“提出”；conduct“指揮，管理”，portray“描繪”；utilize“利用”。句意：但是在學(xué)校，科學(xué)往往是以一種枯燥無味的方式描繪出來的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。meaning“含義”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”；application“應(yīng)用”；relevance“相關(guān)性”根據(jù)文意，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)只是為了通過考試，不了解科學(xué)對他們周圍的世界帶來的好處。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.寫作題

Directions:InthefollowingisanEnglishProverb“Onlythewearerknowswheretheshoepinches”.Presentyouropinionsontheproverb,usingreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.Writeacompositionofabout350words,providingatitleforyourcomposition.

【答案】【略】

6.單選題

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（無情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威爾先生是鐵路公司的一名工程師，由于一名扳道工因negligence而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手）。由此推測negligence意為疏忽，過失。ignorance無知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮喪；經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)正確。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而導(dǎo)致機(jī)車脫離軌道，法威爾失去了右手，而非法威爾本人。D項(xiàng)的說法錯(cuò)誤。

3.題干問的是法院對火災(zāi)案的判決結(jié)果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪審團(tuán)裁決鐵路公司負(fù)責(zé)全部損失，但法院推翻了陪審團(tuán)的決定，認(rèn)為鐵路公司的疏忽只是直接導(dǎo)致最鄰近的建筑物受到損失，因而只對此負(fù)責(zé)任，而離得較遠(yuǎn)的房屋的損失則不在賠償范圍）。因此，鐵路公司只賠償最鄰近的建筑物受到的損失。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公眾輿論開始反對鐵路公司——反對他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治上的權(quán)力、高票價(jià)以及他們對個(gè)人的冷漠無情。據(jù)此可知，C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)損失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要討論的是與鐵路公司有關(guān)的法律案件。

7.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheChinesefacecream.

B.TheAmericanfacecream.

C.TheFrenchperfume.

D.Themedication.

【答案】B

【解析】A:Myskinhassuddenlygoneroughandred,andspotskeepbreakingout.IsthereanythingIcando?

B:Haveyouusedanythingdifferentonyourface,orhaveyoubeenonanymedication?

A:IusuallyuseChinesefacecream,butonmybirthdayI’vegotsomeveryexpensiveAmericanfacecream.Itsmellsverynice.Iwonderifthatcouldbetheproblem.

B:Doyouhavethefacecreamwithyou?

A:Yes,hereitis.

B:Itsmellsverystrong.Maybeyouareallergictotheperfumeinit.Isuggestyoustopusingitimmediately.

Q:Whatmightbethecauseforthewoman’sskinproblem?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生認(rèn)為：Maybeyouareallergictotheperfumeinit，即他認(rèn)為女士可能對這種面霜過敏。

8.填空題

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改為that

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

【解題思路】Itis…that…為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，此題強(qiáng)調(diào)這種對話的重要性，引導(dǎo)詞用that。

【句意】當(dāng)我們想方設(shè)法提高閱讀能力，以匹配更高的學(xué)習(xí)水平和隨之而來的新要求時(shí)，這種對話尤為重要。

9.單選題

Marcyis______bystandardizedtests,butsheislearningtodealwithherfears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pondered

B.impoverished

C.disillusioned

D.intimidated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ponder“仔細(xì)考慮，衡量”，B項(xiàng)impoverish“使貧窮，使枯竭”，C項(xiàng)disillusion“使醒悟，使不再抱幻想”，D項(xiàng)intimidate“恐嚇，威脅”。根據(jù)后面的fears（恐懼）可知，D項(xiàng)正確。句意：瑪西被標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試嚇倒了，但她正在學(xué)習(xí)處理她的恐懼。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Therewasmuch（）amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D這三項(xiàng)在英語中不存在。句意：在這個(gè)艱難的騎行后，這些騎車者之間產(chǎn)生了很多友情。結(jié)合句意，故A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’sresultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployerswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployers,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,BrownselectedalargesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningcategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuch’sargumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminationagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

26.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterEXCEPT________.

27.Theauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

28.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradictwhichofthefollowing?

29.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningscategoriesoccurinwhichofthefollowingorders,fromhighestearningstolowestearnings?

30.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassageasawhole?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminationfromsuppliers

B.discriminationfromconsumers

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,withequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;governmentemployersdonotdiscriminate.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SometentativeresultsofFuchs’sstudy.

B.SomeexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy.

C.Asuggestionmadebytheauthor.

D.Fuchs’shypothesis.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Self-employment,privateemployment,governmentemployment.

B.Governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment.

C.Privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment.

D.Governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TherelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,PrivateEmployers,andConsumersonWomen’sEarnings

B.HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen’sChoiceofTypeofEmployment

C.TherelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen’sEarningsasComparedtoWomen’sEarnings

D.TheNecessityforEarningsDifferentialsinaFreeMarketEconomy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)一二句OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.（人們可以從布朗的研究結(jié)果中推斷出，消費(fèi)者歧視自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。此外，個(gè)體戶女性可能比男子更難獲得好雇員，并可能遇到供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視。），可知個(gè)體戶女性會受到來自消費(fèi)者和供應(yīng)商的歧視，也不容易雇到好員工，所以A選項(xiàng)“供應(yīng)商的歧視”，B選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的歧視”和C選項(xiàng)“在獲得好員工方面存在的問題”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“在獲得政府援助方面的問題”：文章沒有提到政府在援助方面對女性的歧視，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)一二句Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.（這些結(jié)果并不能證明政府不歧視婦女。但是，它們確實(shí)表明，如果政府歧視婦女，這種歧視對婦女收入的影響并不像在私營部門的歧視那樣大。）可知B選項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，但是私人雇主的歧視對女性的收入有更大的影響?！闭_。所以A選項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，對婦女的收入有同樣的影響?！保珻選項(xiàng)“私人雇主和政府雇主都有歧視，但是政府雇主的歧視對女性的收入有更大的影響。”和D選項(xiàng)“私人雇主歧視；政府雇主不歧視”錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

28.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句self-employedwomen…mayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions（個(gè)體戶女性……可能遇到供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視），這是作者的觀點(diǎn)，所以C選項(xiàng)“作者的意見”正確。A選項(xiàng)“富克斯研究的假設(shè)結(jié)果”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Totestthishypothesis,Brown…anddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.（為了驗(yàn)證這一假設(shè)，布朗……并將他們分為三類：私營企業(yè)雇員、政府雇員和個(gè)體經(jīng)營者。），這里沒有提到研究結(jié)果，也與金融機(jī)構(gòu)無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“布朗研究的一些明確結(jié)果”：OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.（人們可以從布朗的研究結(jié)果中推斷出，消費(fèi)者歧視自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的女性。），可知布朗的研究結(jié)果不表明金融機(jī)構(gòu)歧視女性，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“福克斯的假設(shè)”：根據(jù)第二段第一句bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.（?？怂购蜕２鞫继岢?，消費(fèi)者歧視對個(gè)體經(jīng)營婦女收入的影響可能大于政府或私人雇主歧視對女性雇員收入的影響。），可知?？怂沟募僭O(shè)和金融機(jī)構(gòu)無關(guān)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

29.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningcategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.（對男性來說，自營職業(yè)收入最高，其次是私人職業(yè)，政府工作收入最低。），可知D選項(xiàng)“政府就業(yè)、私人就業(yè)、個(gè)體就業(yè)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，私人就業(yè)，政府就業(yè)”，B選項(xiàng)“政府就業(yè)、個(gè)體就業(yè)、私人就業(yè)”和C選項(xiàng)“私人就業(yè)、個(gè)體就業(yè)、政府就業(yè)”錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

30.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.（歧視程度的差異會導(dǎo)致與雇主類型有關(guān)的收入差異。），后文對此展開具體的闡述，所以A選項(xiàng)“政府雇主、私人雇主和消費(fèi)者的歧視對婦女收入的相對影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“歧視如何影響婦女選擇就業(yè)類型”：文中沒有提到歧視和選擇就業(yè)的直接聯(lián)系，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“與女性收入相比，私人雇主歧視對男性收入的相對影響”：文章沒有提到對男性的歧視。D選項(xiàng)“自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中收入差異的必要性”：文章沒有說到收入差距的必要性，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.填空題

Directions:Youaregoingtoreadsomeinformationaboutsomecompanies.Forquestions21-30,choosefromthecompanies(A-H).Someofthecompaniesmaybechosenmorethanonce.Whenmorethanoneanswerisrequir