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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudies.
Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theirconcernisonlythattheirquestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.
Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach7theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,AfricanAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.
1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto(
).
2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?
3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore(
).
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulmeasures
B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective
C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture
D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues
B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.
C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.
D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.culturallyinteractive
B.culture-oriented
C.culturallybiased
D.culture-specific
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.
B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.
C.Theydon'tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.
D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:D
【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他們所研究的文化和種族群體的研究人員必須采取額外的預(yù)防措施,以擺脫他們從自己的文化帶來的任何偏見?!笨芍芯空咴谘芯磕吧幕瘯r(shí)有從自己的文化出發(fā)的傾向。答案B
第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位研究法中,目標(biāo)是用描述一種對(duì)某一種文化或民族有意義并且重要的行為,而不考慮其他文化或民族。在客位研究方法中,目標(biāo)是描述一些適用于不同文化的行為?!笨芍@兩種研究的重心不同。答案A
第3題:推理判斷題。通過上題以及對(duì)第二段和第三段的理解可知,emicapproach主位研究法偏向于研究某一個(gè)群體的文化;eticapproach客位研究法研究不同文化的共同之處。答案D
第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.在研究少數(shù)民族家庭時(shí),研究人員可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),與美國白人家庭相比,少數(shù)民族家庭中的大家庭更具有支撐地位。”可推知少數(shù)民族家庭比白人家庭有更親密的親情關(guān)系。答案D
2.單選題
Pollutionisa“dirty”word.Topollutemeanstocontaminatetopsoilorsomethingbyintroducingimpuritieswhichmake(51)unfitoruncleantouse.Pollutioncomesinmanyforms.Weseeit,smellit,(52)it,drinkit,andstumblethroughit.Weliterallylivedinandbreathepollution,and(53)surprisingly,itisbeginningto(54)ourhealth,ourhappiness,andourcivilization.
Oncewethoughtofpollution(55)meaningsimplythesmog—thechoking,stinging,dirty(56)thathoversovercities.Butairpollution,whileitis(57)themostdangerous,isonlyonetypeofcontaminationamongseveral(58)attackthemostbasiclifefunctions.
Throughtheuncontrolleduseofinsecticides,manhaspollutedtheland,(59)thewildlife.By(60)sewageandchemicalsintoriversandlakes,wehavecontaminatedour(61)water.Wearepollutingtheoceans,too,killingthefishand(62)deprivingourselves(63)aninvaluablefoodsupply.
Partoftheproblemisourexploding(64).Moreandmorepeopleareproducingmorewastes.Butthisproblemisintensifiedbyour“throw—away”technology.EachyearAmericans(65)of7millionautos,20milliontonsofwastepaper,25millionpoundsoftoothpastetubesand48millioncans.Wethrowawaygumwrappers,newspapers,andpaperplates.Itisnolongerwisetoreuseanything,Todayalmosteverythingisdisposable.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.it
B.them
C.people
D.some
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.master
B.taste
C.touch
D.get
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.therefore
B.quite
C.yet
D.not
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.curse
B.threaten
C.cut
D.connect
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.as
B.over
C.for
D.to
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.atmosphere
B.air
C.surrounding
D.rain
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.not
B.yet
C.still
D.far
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.which
B.what
C.why
D.where
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.kills
B.killed
C.kill
D.killing
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.dump
B.dumping
C.cast
D.casting
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.pollutant
B.used
C.drinking
D.dirty
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.so
B.thereby
C.because
D.for
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.over
B.off
C.from
D.of
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.people
B.person
C.population
D.human
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.dispose
B.dispatch
C.disperse
D.discover
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:B
第7題:C
第8題:A
第9題:D
第10題:B
第11題:C
第12題:B
第13題:D
第14題:C
第15題:A
【解析】51.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查代詞使用??崭癫糠炙诘膚hich引導(dǎo)的從句是一個(gè)定語從句修飾先行詞impurities,在從句中做主語,從句中缺少賓語,結(jié)合前面的主句可知,空格處填入的是topsoilorsomething,所以用it來指代。句意:污染是指通過引入雜質(zhì)來污染表土或其他東西,使其不適合或不潔凈使用。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
52.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和上下文語義。A項(xiàng)master“掌握”,B項(xiàng)taste“嘗”,C項(xiàng)touch“觸摸”,D項(xiàng)get“得到”。上文提到“污染有很多種形式”,所以下文是對(duì)上文的解釋,這句的意思是“我們看得見它,聞得見它,……它,喝它,而且在它中間掙扎”,結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,只有“嘗”是最合適的。句意:我們可以看見它,聞到它,嘗到它,喝到它,從它中間掙扎走過。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
53.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)therefore“因此”,B項(xiàng)quite“非?!?,C項(xiàng)yet“然而,還”,D項(xiàng)not表否定。前半句句意是“我們真地生活在污染中,呼吸著它”,而后半句意為“它開始……我們的健康、幸福和文明”顯然,前后句子是因果關(guān)系,故中間的surprisingly前只能加個(gè)否定詞not。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
54.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)curse“詛咒,咒罵”,B項(xiàng)threaten“威脅,恐嚇”,C項(xiàng)cut“割破,(用刀等)切下”,D項(xiàng)connect“連接,聯(lián)合”。此空缺少一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)后面的ourhealth,ourhappiness,andourcivilization(我們的健康、幸福和文明),結(jié)合前面提到的pollution可知,“威脅”符合。句意:我們簡(jiǎn)直生活在污染中,呼吸著它,毫不奇怪,它開始威脅我們的健康、我們的幸福和我們的文明。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
55.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)as“作為,因?yàn)椤?,B項(xiàng)over“在……之上,關(guān)于”,C項(xiàng)for“為了”,D項(xiàng)to“對(duì)于”。根據(jù)前面的thinkof可知,thinkofsth.assth.固定短語,表示“把某物想成某物,當(dāng)作……”。句意:我們?cè)?jīng)把污染只是想成煙霧。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
56.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)atmosphere“(圍繞地球的)大氣,(房間、封閉空間或某處的)空氣”,B項(xiàng)air“(環(huán)繞地球和我們呼吸的氣體的混合物)空氣”,C項(xiàng)surrounding“環(huán)境,周圍的事物”,D項(xiàng)rain“雨,下雨”。根據(jù)句意“盤旋在城市上空的令人窒息、刺痛、骯臟的……”,結(jié)合前半句提到的smog(煙霧)可知,B項(xiàng)“空氣”符合語境。句意:我們?cè)?jīng)認(rèn)為污染僅僅是指煙霧—盤旋在城市上空的令人窒息、刺痛、骯臟的空氣。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
57.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)not表否定,B項(xiàng)yet“然而”,C項(xiàng)still“仍然”,D項(xiàng)far“很,遙遠(yuǎn)地”。根據(jù)句意“盡管空氣污染……是最危險(xiǎn)的,但也只是幾種攻擊最基本生活功能的污染之一”可知,空格處填入“仍然”最符合。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
58.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處是引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)定語從句,在從句中充當(dāng)主語,指代typesofcontamination,所以只能用which。句意:雖然空氣污染是嚴(yán)重的,但也只是幾種攻擊最基本生活功能的污染之一。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
59.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子可知,句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞haspolluted,一個(gè)句子中不能有兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞,故kill只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,A、C項(xiàng)排除;man和kill之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系,所以用kill的現(xiàn)在分詞形式killing。句意:通過不加控制地使用殺蟲劑,人類已經(jīng)污染了土地,殺死了野生動(dòng)物。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
60.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考察固定搭配。空格處是位于介詞by之后,動(dòng)詞不能用原形,A、C項(xiàng)排除。由后面的into可知,空格處是與into搭配,castinto表示“鑄成”,dumpinto表示“把……傾倒入……,向……傾銷”,此處的意思是“通過將污水和化學(xué)物質(zhì)……入河流和湖泊”,所以用dumping符合。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
61.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)pollutant“污染物”,B項(xiàng)used“習(xí)慣的,二手的”,C項(xiàng)drinking“飲水”,D項(xiàng)dirty“下流的,骯臟的”。由water可知,drinkingwater表示“飲用水”,C項(xiàng)符合。句意:通過將污水和化學(xué)物質(zhì)傾倒入河流和湖泊,我們已經(jīng)污染了我們的飲用水。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
62.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】考察邏輯。A項(xiàng)so“因此”,表結(jié)果;B項(xiàng)thereby“由此,從而”,正式用法,用來表示事件或行動(dòng)的一個(gè)重要結(jié)果或后果;C項(xiàng)because“因?yàn)椤?,表原因;D項(xiàng)for“為了,因?yàn)椤?,表支持、目的、時(shí)間、原因、作為、用途、動(dòng)作的對(duì)象等。根據(jù)句意“我們也正在污染海洋,殺死了魚類,……剝奪了我們無價(jià)的食物供應(yīng)”可知,前后為因果關(guān)系,愛出C、D項(xiàng);depriving是現(xiàn)在分詞,前面不能用so或其他表因果關(guān)系的連詞,所以只能用介詞thereby。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
63.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)over“關(guān)于,在……之上”,B項(xiàng)off“離開”,C項(xiàng)from“從,來自”,D項(xiàng)of“……的”。根據(jù)deprive可知,deprivesb.ofsth.為固定短語,表示“剝奪某人某物(或某權(quán)利)。”句意:我們也正在污染海洋,殺死了魚類,從而剝奪了我們無價(jià)的食物供應(yīng)。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
64.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】考查名詞辨析和上下文語義。A項(xiàng)people“人,民族”,B項(xiàng)person“(一個(gè))人”,C項(xiàng)population“人口”,D項(xiàng)human“人類”。根據(jù)下文“越來越多的人正在制造更多的垃圾”可知,exploding______是指“人口暴增”,C項(xiàng)符合。句意:人口的爆炸也是引起污染的一個(gè)原因。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
65.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析和上下文語義。A項(xiàng)dispose“安置,安排,處理”,B項(xiàng)dispatch“派遣,發(fā)送”,C項(xiàng)disperse“分散,使散開”,D項(xiàng)discover“發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺”。上文提到“但我們的一次性技術(shù)加劇了這個(gè)問題”,后文就說到“美國人每年要……700萬輛汽車、2000萬噸廢紙、2500萬磅牙膏管和4800萬個(gè)罐子”,可知空格處填入“處置、丟棄”,disposeof表示“處理,解決”。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Studentswhodon’tworkhardwillface()prospectsinthefuture.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.meager
B.rare
C.bleak
D.slight
【答案】C
【解析】meager貧乏的,瘦的;rare稀少的;bleak慘淡的,無希望的;slight輕微的,少量的。能與prospects搭配且符合句意的只有選項(xiàng)C。指前途慘淡的,無希望的。
4.單選題
Sofast(
)thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.haslighttraveled
B.lighttravels
C.doeslighttravel
D.travelslight
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒裝句。由so/such…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such與其修飾成分位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),主句要進(jìn)行倒裝,因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.單選題
Inwhat()toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.applies
B.accounts
C.attaches
D.amounts
【答案】D
【解析】辨析題。applyto應(yīng)用于;accountto對(duì)...做出解釋;attachto聯(lián)系;amountsto導(dǎo)致。句意:在最后一分鐘,
導(dǎo)致延遲處決的是委員會(huì)宣布應(yīng)急基金將使兩顆已使用多年的衛(wèi)星繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
6.單選題
Therainlookedasifithad()forthenight.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.setoff
B.setup
C.setout
D.setin
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。setoff“出發(fā),動(dòng)身”;setup“豎立,建造”;setout“出發(fā),開始”;setin“開始,到來,流行”。句意:這雨好像從晚上就開始了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
7.單選題
Thedirectorgavemehis(
)thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.warrant
B.obligation
C.assurance
D.certainty
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù),證明”;B選項(xiàng)obligation“責(zé)任”;C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證,擔(dān)?!盌選項(xiàng)certainty“必然,確定”。句意:主管給我()如果我工作做得好他會(huì)給我雙倍工資。根據(jù)從句后面的內(nèi)容漲雙倍工資只是一個(gè)保證,所以答案選C,A選項(xiàng)是指一種書面的證明,所以不能選。
8.單選題
Wantaglimpseofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleinvolvedinpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother:andhowthisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient—nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.
Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.
Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetoruralcare.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.
Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.Butmedicineislookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofdistributedmedicalintelligence.
Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,thenewtechnologiesshouldusherinanerawhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,expertopinionanddiagnosisarecommon.
46.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe______.
47.TheSentence“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast”means______.
48.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat______.
49.Theword“problem”inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat______.
50.Apropertitleforthepassagemaybe______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.standardizedsymptomsofapatient
B.personaldataassistance
C.transmittedcomplexmedicalimages
D.realphysiologicaldatafromapatient
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.nowpeopleprobablywouldnotaskifthereisadoctorinthehouse
B.patientsusedtocryandaskiftherewasadoctorinthehouse
C.inthepastpeopleoftencriedandaskediftherewasadoctorinthehouse
D.patientsarenowstillaskingifthereisadoctorinthehouse
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.itisnowfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsovertelephone
B.floodisnotamongthedisastersmentionedinthepassage
C.thetrendinapplyingtelemedicineistowardprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldata
D.telemedicineisbeingusedbymanymedicalteamsasatoolfordisasterresponse
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.therearenotenoughmobilephonesfordistributingmedicalintelligence
B.CTscansareoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers
C.bandwidthisnotadequatetotransmitcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworld
D.communicationssatellitescanonlycopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasters
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ImprovementinCommunications
B.TheInlineDoctorIsIn
C.ApplicationofTelemedicine
D.HowtoMakeRemoteDiagnosis
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】46.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)將是……”。第二段的第二句話提到Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis(telemedicine)willbebasedonrealphysiologicaldatafromtheactualpatient.(然而,越來越多的遠(yuǎn)程診斷(遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療)將基于實(shí)際患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù)),由此可知,遠(yuǎn)程診斷的基礎(chǔ)是患者的真實(shí)生理數(shù)據(jù),因此D項(xiàng)“病人真實(shí)的生理數(shù)據(jù)”正確;A項(xiàng)“病人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀”,第二段第一句話提到Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonstandardizedsymptomsarethemostobviousexample.(網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀提供建議就是最明顯的例子),由此可知根據(jù)病人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化癥狀診斷的是網(wǎng)上醫(yī)生,而不是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療;B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備”,第二段第三句提到AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone(肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明,通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA(個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備),如掌上電腦和移動(dòng)電話,通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的),由此可知,個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備是用來傳輸病人生命體征,只是一種傳輸途徑而已,這與題干的問題沒有干系;C項(xiàng)“傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”,倒數(shù)第二段第二句提到BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.(帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素,CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一),這里只是提到了帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像,沒有提到傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的基礎(chǔ),所以不選。故該題選D。
47.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast這句話的意思是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusinganoff-the-shelfPDA(personaldataassistance)suchasaPalmPilotplusamobilephone,itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipmentinafirst-aidkit,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorinthehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.(肯塔基大學(xué)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)證明,通過使用現(xiàn)成的PDA(個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)輔助設(shè)備),如掌上電腦和移動(dòng)電話,通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的。由于急救箱里有這樣的設(shè)備,家里是否有醫(yī)生的要求可能已經(jīng)成為過去。),由此可知,隨著遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)藥的應(yīng)用,醫(yī)生和病人不需要在同一個(gè)地方才能進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)救治,因此要求醫(yī)生在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)成為了過去式;我們這里的cry表示“需求,要求”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在人們可能不會(huì)問家里有沒有醫(yī)生”符合題意;B項(xiàng)“病人常常哭著問家里有沒有醫(yī)生”和C項(xiàng)“在過去,人們經(jīng)??拗鴨柤依镉袥]有醫(yī)生”中,cry理解錯(cuò)誤;D項(xiàng)“病人現(xiàn)在還在問房子里是否有醫(yī)生”,原文已經(jīng)提到要求醫(yī)生在場(chǎng)是過去式了,所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選A。
48.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下面所有的陳述都是正確的,除了……”。A項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在通過電話傳送病人的生命體征是可行的”,文中第二段第三句提到itisperfectlyfeasibletotransmitapatient’svitalsignsoverthetelephone(通過電話傳輸病人的生命體征是完全可行的),因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“洪水不在文中提到的災(zāi)難之列”,第四段第三句提到Communicationssatellitesmaybeabletocopewiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakes,warsorfamines.(通信衛(wèi)星可能能夠應(yīng)付諸如地震、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或饑荒等災(zāi)害期間的短期需求),由此可知,文中只是提及了震后,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和災(zāi)荒的應(yīng)急,確實(shí)沒有發(fā)洪水,因此B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的趨勢(shì)是提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)的全球訪問”,第三段最后一句提到Overall,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexpertise.(總的來說,趨勢(shì)是向全球提供醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)和專業(yè)知識(shí)),由此可知C項(xiàng)也正確。D項(xiàng)“許多醫(yī)療小組正在使用遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為災(zāi)害應(yīng)對(duì)的一種工具”,根據(jù)第三段第二句Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfordisasterresponse—especiallyafterearthquakes.(至少有一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)希望將遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療作為一種災(zāi)難應(yīng)對(duì)工具——尤其是在地震之后)可知,文中只是說有醫(yī)學(xué)小組在嘗試這一舉動(dòng),而非成熟到可以被應(yīng)用,所以該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故該題選D。
49.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“第四段中的‘problem’指的是一個(gè)……事實(shí)”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段前兩句Butthereisoneproblem.BandwidthisthelimitingfactorfortransmittingcomplexmedicalimagesaroundtheworldCTscansbeingoneofthebiggestbandwidthconsumers.(但有一個(gè)問題。帶寬是在世界各地傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的限制因素,CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一),由此可知這個(gè)問題指的是帶寬限制了傳輸復(fù)雜醫(yī)學(xué)圖像;所以C項(xiàng)“帶寬不足以在全世界傳輸復(fù)雜的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的移動(dòng)電話來分發(fā)醫(yī)療情報(bào)”沒有提到;B項(xiàng)“CT掃描是最大的帶寬消耗之一”,這只是帶寬的限制性因素之一,不夠全面,所以B項(xiàng)不選;D項(xiàng)“通信衛(wèi)星只能應(yīng)付災(zāi)害期間的短期需求”,這只是講述現(xiàn)在的實(shí)際情況,而不是問題,所以該項(xiàng)不選。故該題選C。
50.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題會(huì)是……”。全文講述的主要是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療將取代過去醫(yī)生和病人必須同時(shí)在場(chǎng)的方式成為新的保健醫(yī)療的方式,并介紹了遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的具體應(yīng)用和前景;因此C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療的應(yīng)用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“改善通信”,這只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分;所以不選;B項(xiàng)“在線醫(yī)生”,文章不是討論在線醫(yī)生,所以不選;D項(xiàng)“如何遠(yuǎn)程診斷”,這也只是遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療應(yīng)用的一部分,比較片面,故不選。因此,該題選C。
9.單選題
Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe(
)
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.empowered
B.punished
C.polluted
D.annihilated
【答案】D
【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:如果我們不停止與那些致命的核武器的親密接觸,整個(gè)地球?qū)ⅰmpower:使控制局勢(shì),授權(quán)。punish:懲罰,處罰。pollute:污染,弄臟。annihilate:消滅,湮沒。
10.單選題
Thecolorsofthatcoatandhatdon’t(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.suit
B.mix
C.match
D.compare
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那件外套的顏色和帽子不相配。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。suit表示適合的意思后面需要加介詞for,所以本題選C最為恰當(dāng)。
11.單選題
Theageofothertreesisvariouslyestimatedas()fromtwohundredtoeighthundredyears.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.changing
B.differing
C.varying
D.ranging
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)change“改變”,B項(xiàng)differ“使……相異/不同”,C項(xiàng)vary“變化,變異”,D項(xiàng)range表示“變動(dòng),列為一行”,rangefrom固定用法,表示“從……到……變動(dòng),從……到……范圍”。句意:其他樹木的年齡有不同的估計(jì),從200年到800年不等。因此D項(xiàng)正確。
12.單選題
Fingerprints,oneofthegreatdecidersofinnocenceorguiltincriminalcharges,arenowinthedockthemselves.Thisisbecauseofagrowingnumberofclaimsfromdefendantsthattheirprintshavebeen‘‘lifted’’andplantedatscenesofcrimes.Andtheseallegationsarebeingtakenseriouslybylawyers,judgesandpolicemenbecauseitispossibletomoveafingerprintfromonespotandplaceitelsewhere.
Withoneofthecornerstonesofevidencenowbeingplacedindoubtacommitteeofcriminallawyersiscarryingoutaninquiryintofingerprinting.TheinvestigationhasbeenorderedbyJustice,theprestigiouslegalorganization,andareportisdueearlynextyear.LastnightaspokesmanforJusticesaid:“Thereareanincreasingnumberofcaseswherepeopleareclaimingtheirprintshavebeentransferredandputonincriminatingobjects.Wearenotaimingtoestablishiftheseallegationsaretrueornot,butwearequestioningcurrentfingerprintingmethodsaspartofageneralinvestigationintoscientificevidence.SomeofBritain’stopcriminallawyersareworriedaboutthisincreasingnumberofclaims.”
Howcanafingerprintbetransferred?Afingermarkleftonagreasyglassorsomeothersmoothsurfacecanbe“l(fā)ifted”withastripofadhesive.Itcanthenbedepositedonanother,perhapsincriminatingobject.Accusationsabout"plantedprints"werefirstputupatanoldBailegIRAbombtrialnineyearsagowithoutsuccess.Fingerprintsatthesceneofacrimeusedtobedusteddownwithfinepowder,photographedforidentificationpurposes,thenthepicturesandobjectscarryingtheprintswereproducedincourt.
However,since1973anewmethodoftakingprintshasbeengenerallyusedinBritain.Policeexpertsnowuseastripofadhesivetapetoliftaprintwhichisthenproducedincourtasevidence.Before1973theobjectonwhichtheprintswerefoundalittledaggeroragun—usedtobeshownincourtaswell.Thisisnolongernecessary.Asaresultcriminalsareclaimingthattheirprintshavebeen"lifted"andplantedelsewhere.Accordingtoex-chiefSuperintendentSquires,liftingamarkandtransferringittoanotherobject“requiresgreatskillandtrouble.”Headded:“It'salmostimpossiblebutitcanbedone.Itcanusuallybeeasilydetectedbysomeonelikeme.butthereisachancethatevenImaynotbeabletotell.”
1.Fingerprintshavetraditionallybeenregardedas(
).
2.Theinvestigationintofingerprintingis
(
).
3.Thepassagesuggeststhat
(
).
4.Since1973,(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theonlyproofofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt
B.oneofmanyproofsofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt
C.noproofofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt
D.akeyproofofasuspectedcriminal'sinnocenceorguilt
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.toprovethatpolicemenhavebeenbehavingdishonestly
B.toestablishthetruthoftheallegations
C.partofawiderinvestigation
D.toallaythefearsofsometopcriminallawyers
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.someoftheallegationsagainstfingerprinting'arejustified
B.transferringfingerprintsistoomuchtroubleformostpolicemen
C.transferringfingerprintsisaverydelicateoperation
D.itislikelythatsomepolicementransferfingerprints
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.fingerprintsatthesceneofacrimehavebeendusteddownwithfinepowderandphotographed.
B.ithasbeennecessarytoproduceincourttheobjectsonwhichtheprintswerefound
C.therehavebeensuccessfulclaimsagainstpolicefingerprintingmethodsintheUnitedStatesandGreatBritain.
D.policefingerprintingmethodshavebeensimplified
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Fingerprints,oneofthegreatdecidersofinnocenceorguiltincriminalcharges,arenowinthedockthemselves.在刑事指控中,指紋,曾經(jīng)是刑事起訴中判斷一個(gè)人是否有罪的決定性因素之一,而現(xiàn)在它卻成為了眾矢之的。”由此可知,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Wearenotaimingtoestablishiftheseallegationsaretrueornot,butwearequestioningcurrentfingerprintingmethodsaspartofageneralinvestigationintoscientificevidence.我們的目的不是確定這些辯解是否正確,而是質(zhì)疑目前的指紋識(shí)別方法作為對(duì)科學(xué)證據(jù)普遍調(diào)查研究的一部分是否合理?!庇纱丝芍?,對(duì)指紋的調(diào)查是廣泛調(diào)查的一部分,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Accordingtoex-chiefSuperintendentSquires,liftingamarkandtransferringittoanotherobject‘requiresgreatskillandtrouble.’據(jù)前總警司Squires說,采集指紋并把它轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)物體上‘需要高超的技巧并且很麻煩’?!币簿褪钦f:轉(zhuǎn)移指紋是一項(xiàng)非常精細(xì)的工作。其他選項(xiàng)均不正確,只有選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵時(shí)間點(diǎn)“1973”定位到最后一段第一句“since1973anewmethodoftakingprintshasbeengenerallyusedinBritain.Policeexpertsnowuseastripofadhesivetapetoliftaprintwhichisthenproducedincourtasevidence.自1973年以來,英國普遍采用一種新的采集指紋的方法。警方專家現(xiàn)在使用一條膠帶來揭下指紋,然后在法庭上出示作為證據(jù)?!痹俑鶕?jù)下文的描述,在此之前在法庭上出示指紋需要帶上沾有指紋的物品,比如一把小匕首或一把槍,而新的方法只需要一條膠帶就能揭下指紋,說明取指紋的方法簡(jiǎn)化了,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
13.單選題
TheoldestlivingthingsonEartharetrees.SomeofCalifornia’ssequoiashaveforfourthousandyearslookeddownonthechangesinthelandscapeandthecomingsandgoingsofhumans.TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.
Lessertrees,however,haveplayedanintimateroleinthelivesofpeoplesincetheyfirstappearedonEarth.Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.Treeswerethelargestlivingthingsaroundhumansandtheyknewthatsometreeshadbeenstandingonthesamespotintheirparents’andgrandparents’time,andwouldcontinuetostandlongaftertheyweregone.Nowonderthesetreesbecamesymbolsofstrength,fruitfulness,andeverlastinglife.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawayinwhichpeoplehaveusedtrees?
3.Theunderlinedphrase“giantpatriarchs”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?
4.Theunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referstowhichofthefollowing?
5.Theauthorimpliesthat,comparedwithsequoias,othertreeshave________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Treesgrowtogreatheights.
B.Treeshavebeenimportanttopeoplethroughouthistory.
C.Treesmakehumansseemsuperior.
D.TreesthatgrowinCaliforniaareveryold.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Forfurniture.
B.Forfuel.
C.Forhousing.
D.Fornourishment.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.tinyseeds
B.importantleaders
C.toweringtrees
D.Egyptianpyramids
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Trees
B.Grandeurandmystery
C.Seasons
D.People’sspiritualhorizons
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.beeninexistencelonger
B.adaptedmorereadilytotheirenvironments
C.beenaffectedmorebyanimals
D.hadacloserrelationshipwithpeople
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章講了樹木在歷史的發(fā)展,點(diǎn)出樹木對(duì)人的作用,所以B選項(xiàng)“縱觀歷史,樹木對(duì)人類很重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“樹長得很高”和D選項(xiàng)“生長在加州的樹很古老”是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文。C選項(xiàng)“樹讓人看起來更優(yōu)越”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Treesfedthefiresthatwarmedhumans:theyprovidedshelter,foodandmedicineandevenclothing.(樹木為人類提供了溫暖的爐火:它們提供了住所、食物、藥品甚至衣服。),所以這里提到了B選項(xiàng)“作為燃料”,C選項(xiàng)“建房子”和D選項(xiàng)“吸收其營養(yǎng)”,沒有提到A選項(xiàng)“做成家具”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第三、四句TheysproutedfromtinyseedsaboutthetimetheEgyptianpyramidswerebeingbuilt.Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow,likecathedralcolumnsholdingupthesky.(大約在建造埃及金字塔的時(shí)候,它們從微小的種子中發(fā)芽。今天,這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近,就像支撐天空的大教堂柱子。),可知這些“巨大的家長”生長在巖石和懸崖上,就像大教堂柱子一樣高,所以C選項(xiàng)“高聳的樹木”正確,A選項(xiàng)“小小的種子”和D選項(xiàng)“埃及金字塔”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“重要的領(lǐng)袖”文中沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Treesexpressedthegrandeurandmysteryoflife,astheymovedthroughthecycleofseasons,fromlifetodeathandbacktolifeagain.(樹木表現(xiàn)了生命的宏偉和神秘,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诩竟?jié)的循環(huán)中移動(dòng),從生到死,再回到生命。),可知“它們”指的是A選項(xiàng)“樹木”,B選項(xiàng)“宏偉和神秘”和C選項(xiàng)“四季”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“人們的精神視野”:根據(jù)第二段第三句Theyalsoshapedpeople’sspiritualhorizons.(它們還塑造了人們的精神視野。),這里的“它們”也指樹木,故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第一、二句Todaythesegiantpatriarchsseemasremoteandinaccessibleastherocksandmountaincliffsonwhichtheygrow…Itishardtoimaginethemplayinganypartinthelivesofmerehumansorbeinginanywayaffectedbythecreaturesthatpassattheirfeet.(今天,這些巨大的創(chuàng)始者就像它們生長的巖石和懸崖一樣遙遠(yuǎn)和難以接近……很難想象
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