考研考博-英語-保險職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保險職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Agrowingnumberofcollegeofficials,guidancecounselorsandeducationexpertswouldliketoeliminate,orsharplycurtail(減少)earlyadmission(提前錄取)—aprocessinwhichmanycollegesadmitasubstantialpercentageoftheirstudentsinthefall.Controversyisparticularlyheatedregardingmanyearlyadmissionprogramsthatrequireapplicantstogiveupthechancetoapplyelsewhere.

Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.

ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.Inasignofjusthowcompetitivetheadmissionsprocesshasbecome,hesaidhisuniversitycouldnotmakesuchamovealone.Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.

Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.ManytopprivatecollegesnowacceptmorethanathirdoftheirfreshmanclassesintheweeksbeforeChristmas,significantlyreducingthenumberofspotsavailableinthespring.Fornextyear,Stanfordalreadyhaspicked34%ofitsfreshmanclass;Yalehaschosen42%ofits.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniahaslockedup49.5%ofitsenteringclass.

Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade,especiallysincethemid-1990s,whenYale,PrincetonandStanfordallinstitutedbindingearlydecision.Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.

31.Insomepeople’sopinion,earlyadmissions（）.

32.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,Yaleclaimedthat（）.

34.Inrecentyears,earlyadmissions（）.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetoearlyadmissionis（）.

問題1選項

A.willbeabolishedinthefuture

B.causeunfaircompetitionincolleges

C.attractmoreandmorestudents

D.arepopularwithoutentranceexams

問題2選項

A.earlyadmissionsincludeexcellentstudentsineveryschool

B.parentsareagainstearlyadmissionsabsolutely

C.manyparentslearnlittleabouttheearlyadmissionsystem

D.thepeoplewhohavetheupperhandhasmorechancesinearlyadmissions

問題3選項

A.theyweresatisfiedwiththestudentsfromearlyadmissions

B.theywerecriticalofthedeedofothercolleges

C.theywereawareofthedisadvantagesoftheearlyadmissionsystem

D.theywouldreformthecurrentearlyadmissionsystem

問題4選項

A.changedthestandardfully

B.werelesscompetitive

C.werebecomingmoreandmorepopular

D.werenotpublicizedinspringanylonger

問題5選項

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.despairing

D.conservative

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.推理判斷題。定位在文章第二段第一句Opponentsofearlyadmissionsofferseveralcriticisms.（反對提前錄取的人提出了一些批評言論。）Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說，這種做法加劇了進入美國頂尖大學(xué)的不健康競爭。）由此可知提前錄取會引起大學(xué)不公平競爭。B選項“會造成大學(xué)里不公平的競爭”正確，符合題意。A選項“將來會被廢除”，C選項“吸引越來越多的學(xué)生”，D選項“沒有入學(xué)考試很受歡迎”，A，C，D在文章中并未涉及，可排除。故選B。

32.推理判斷題。定位在第二段最后一句Moreover,criticssay,earlyadmissionunfairlygivesaleguptosomeapplicants,mostlythosewhoalreadyhavemanyadvantages-studentsateliteprivateschoolsandwealthypublicschoolswherefamiliesandguidancecounselorsknowhowtoworktheanglesoftheadmissionssystem.（此外，批評人士說，提前錄取不公平地讓一些申請人獲得了優(yōu)勢，主要是那些已經(jīng)有很多優(yōu)勢的學(xué)生——就讀于精英私立學(xué)校和富裕的公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生，這些學(xué)校的家庭和輔導(dǎo)員都知道如何從招生系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā)。）A選項“每所學(xué)校的優(yōu)秀生都被提前錄取”，B選項“家長堅決反對提前錄取”，C選項“許多家長對提前錄取制度了解甚少”，A，B，C選項在文章中并未提及，可排除。D選項“那些占上風(fēng)的人在提前錄取方面機會更大”正確，故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位在第三段ThepresidentofYaleUniversityfueledthedebateearlierthismonthbyproposingthatYaleandothereliteinstitutionsconsiderabandoningtheearlyprograms.（本月早些時候，耶魯大學(xué)的總統(tǒng)教授提出，耶魯和其他精英機構(gòu)應(yīng)該考慮放棄早期的項目，這引發(fā)了這場爭論。）Evensomestudentswhogainearlyadmissiontothecollegestheywantsaytheprocessinvolvestoomuchpressure,toosoon.（甚至一些提前被他們想要的大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生也說，這個過程壓力太大，太早了。）由此推論耶魯大學(xué)和提前錄取的學(xué)生都覺得這項制度有不合理的地方。A選項“他們對提前錄取的學(xué)生感到滿意”，未提及。B選項“他們對其他學(xué)院的行為持批評態(tài)度”，只是倡議取消，并未提出批評，C選項“他們意識到了提前錄取制度的弊端”正確，正是意識到了弊端才會提出考慮放棄提前錄取的項目。D選項“他們將改革現(xiàn)行的提前錄取制度”，太過肯定，還處在提議爭論中，并未得出結(jié)果。故選C。

34.推理判斷題。定位在第四段第一句Theuseof“earlydecision”and“earlyaction”programs,which,indifferentways,grantadmissiontostudentsmonthsaheadoftheusualspringnotifications,hassoaredinrecentyearsandisatwhatsomesayarerecordhighs.（“提前決定”和“提前行動”項目的使用，以不同的方式，讓學(xué)生比通常的春季通知提前幾個月被錄取。近年來，這些項目的使用激增，有人說達到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的高點。）Earlyadmissionpolicieshaveexistedforatleast20years.Buttheiruse—andthecontroversyaroundthem—hasgrowninthelastdecade…（提前錄取政策已經(jīng)存在了至少20年。但它們的使用——以及圍繞它們的爭議——在過去10年中不斷增長），由關(guān)鍵詞soar“激增”，grown“生長，擴大”，我們可以推理出提前錄取到現(xiàn)在還是普遍盛行的。因此C選項“變得越來越受歡迎”正確。A選項“完全改變了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”并未談及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，B選項“競爭性較弱”，Thepracticeintensifiesanunhealthylevelofcompetitionforadmissiontothenation’stopcollegesanduniversities,theysay.（他們說，這種做法加劇了進入美國頂尖大學(xué)的不健康競爭。）表述錯誤，D選項“在春天不再宣傳了”，據(jù)第四段第一句可知，表述有誤。故選C。

35.觀點態(tài)度題。定位在文章中的最后一句Theprogramsclearlybenefitcolleges,allowingschoolstolockintalentedyoungscholarsandenhancetheirownstandingsintheinfluentialcollegerankings.（這些項目顯然對大學(xué)而言是有利的，允許學(xué)校鎖定有才華的年輕學(xué)者，提高自己在有影響力的大學(xué)中的地位排名。）由此可知作者覺得這項制度還是有利可取的。故A選項“樂觀的”正確。B選項“悲觀的”，C選項“絕望的”，D選項“保守的”均可排除，故選A。

2.單選題

Today’srecyclerscannowconceivablylayclaimtoarich,bloody,brawnyheritage,ifanewVikingdiscoveryisanyindication.ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest.

An11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredinthecityofYorkislikelyevidenceofamakeshiftrecyclingcenter,whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle,accordingtohistorianCharlesJones,organizeroftheFulfordBattlefieldSociety,whichadvocatespreservingthebattlesiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

Jonesandhisteamhavefoundhundredsofpiecesofironwork—includingaxes,swordparts,andarrowheads——alongwithlumpsofmelted-downironandtheremainsofsmeltingpits.“Wefoundseveral‘smithinghearthbottoms’—theremainsofthemoltenmetalwhichdribblesdownduringthereprocessingoftheweaponryironwork,nhetoldtheYorkPress.“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace,”Jonessaid.TheartifactsarecurrentlyundergoingX-rayanalysisattheUniversityofYork.Theuniversity’sSorenSindbaeksaidthetestsshouldrevealwhetherthecorrodeditemswereforgedusingNorseironwork,whichinvolvedusingdistinctivealloysofsoftironandhardsteel.“TheVikingswereveryskillfulmetalworkers,”saidarchaeologistSindbaek.“Theirweaponryisfamousforthewayironistreated.Anymetalwasapreciousmaterialthatwouldberecycled，”hesaid.“Whoeverwonafightinthisperiodwouldcollectwhatwasleftonthebattlefield.”

ThoughheknowsofnootherbattlefieldexamplesofVikingrecycling，evidenceofreuseofmetalandothermaterialshasbeenfoundatotherVikingsites,Sindbaeksaid.RecentexcavationsinYork,whichwascapturedandsettledbytheScandinavianseafarersin866，forinstance,showthatVikingsrecycledboatsforbuildingmaterialforhousesandevensidewalks.

JonesbelievesVikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork.Thehistorian’steambelievestheVikingswereforcedtoabandontheirrecyclingworkfivedayslaterbyasecondEnglishattack,theBattleofStamfordBridge,ledbyEngland’sKingHaroldII.TheVikingleaderinthebattle,KingHaroldIIIofNorway,waskilledandhisforcesrouted.TheEnglishkinglosthisownlifethefollowingmonth,whenhiswar-wearytroopsweredefeatedattheBattleofHastingsbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,whobecamethenewEnglishking.

ProjectleaderJones,authorofTheForgottenBattleof1066:Fulford,isanamateurhistorian,andmanyoftheartifactswereuncoverednotduringprofessionalarchaeologicalexcavationsbutbymetal-detectorenthusiasts.Butthat“doesn’tatalldevalue”thediscovery,saidarchaeologistAllanHalloftheUniversityofYork.TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment，”Hallsaid.“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart.”

1.Whatissaidabouttoday’srecyclersatthebeginningofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredin

thecityofYork?

3.WhathadarchaeologistsknownaboutVikingrecyclingbeforetheweaponrecyclingcenterwasdiscovered?

4.WhatisspecialaboutthevillageofFulford?

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheFulfordBattlefieldSociety?

問題1選項

A.TheyrecyclethingsthatarediscoveredattheVikingsettlements.

B.Theyareasrich,bloodyandbrawnyastheirVikingancestors.

C.TheymayhaveinheritedtherecyclingtraditionfromtheVikings.

D.TheyrecyclethesamethingsthattheVikingsrecycled.

問題2選項

A.Itwasanironworkrecyclingcenterfarawayfromthebattlefield.

B.WeaponsandotherutensilswerereprocessedherebytheVikings.

C.Evidenceshowsthattheweaponsrecycledherewereleftbytheenemyinthebattle.

D.Thepiecesofironworkfoundinthissitearebeinganalyzedinordertoknowwhatexactlytheyweremade'of.

問題3選項

A.TheVikingsrecycledmetalandothermaterialsfordailyuse.

B.TheVikingsonlyrecycledmetalsbecausetheywereprecious.

C.TheVikingsweretheonlypeopleatthattimewhousedalloysinreprocessingweapons.

D.Recyclingcenterswereusuallyfoundbehindthebattlefields.

問題4選項

A.ItisnearthecityofYorkbutwasnotincludedinthecityinhistory.

B.Abattletookplaceherein1066afterwhichtheVikingrecyclingcenterwasbuilttoreprocessweapons.

C.TheVikingsdefeatedtheEnglisharmytwicehereintheyear1066.

D.ItwasthelocationofthebattlebetweenKingHaroldIIandDukeofNormandy.

問題5選項

A.Itisanorganizationofprofessionalandamateurhistorians.

B.ItstrivesforpreservingtheVikingrecyclingsiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

C.ItassistedprofessionalarchaeologistsintheexcavationoftheVikingrecyclingcenter.

D.Itisanamateurorganizationcooperatingcloselywithprofessionalarchaeologists.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：在這篇文章的開頭，關(guān)于今天的回收者說了些什么？本文第一段最后一句提到“ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest”，著名的北歐戰(zhàn)士——維京人就是邊打仗邊回收利用，說明今天的回收者可能是從維京人繼承而來。因此C選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：關(guān)于最近在約克市發(fā)現(xiàn)的11世紀(jì)金屬加工遺址，下列哪一項是正確的？文章第二段第一句提到了11世紀(jì)金屬加工遺址。文中對此的描述是“whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle”，與B選項對應(yīng)，因此B選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：在發(fā)現(xiàn)武器回收中心之前，考古學(xué)家對維京人的回收利用了解多少？文中的CharlesJones即aechaeologist考古學(xué)家，文中引用了“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace”，對應(yīng)D選項的內(nèi)容，因此D選項符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：富爾福德村有什么特別之處？第五段提到“Vikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork”，可知1066年在這里發(fā)生了戰(zhàn)役，維京人在這里開始回收武器。因此B選項符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：我們對福爾福德戰(zhàn)場了解多少？文章最后一段說到“TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment”，提取關(guān)鍵詞“合作”，還提到“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart”，與A選項的“amateurhistorians”對應(yīng)，因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Comicartcanbe,andoftenis,deadlyserious,atwhichpointitis___difficulttocategorizeit.

問題1選項

A.awfully

B.indicatively

C.crucially

D.ultimately

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項awfully“可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B選項indicatively“指示地，表示地；象征地；陳述地”；C選項crucially“關(guān)鍵地；至關(guān)重要地”；D選項ultimately“最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜劇藝術(shù)可以是，而且往往是極度的嚴(yán)肅，在這一點上很難對它進行分類。結(jié)合此處語境，A為正確答案。

4.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問題1選項

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項clockwise“順時針方向地”；B選項otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.Forexample,theymustmakesuretheyconstructmeasuresthataremeaningfulforeachoftheculturalorethnicminoritygroupsbeingstudies.

Inconductingresearchonculturalandethnicminorityissues,investigatorsdistinguishbetweentheemicapproachandtheeticapproach.Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.Ifresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theirconcernisonlythattheirquestionsaremeaningfultotheparticularcultureorethnicgroupbeingstudied.If,however,theresearchersconstructaquestionnaireinaneticfashion,theywanttoincludequestionsthatreflectconceptsfamiliartoallculturesinvolved.

Howmighttheemicandeticapproachesbereflectedinthestudyoffamilyprocesses?Intheemicapproach7theresearchersmightchoosetofocusonlyonmiddle-classWhitefamilies,withoutregardforwhethertheinformationobtainedinthestudycanbegeneralizedorisappropriateforethnicminoritygroups.Inasubsequentstudy,theresearchersmaydecidetoadoptaneticapproachbystudyingnotonlymiddle-classWhitefamilies,butalsolower-incomeWhitefamilies,AfricanAmericanfamilies,SpanishAmericanfamilies,andAsianAmericanfamilies.Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.Ifso,theemicapproachwouldrevealadifferentpatternoffamilyinteractionthanwouldtheeticapproach,documentingthatresearchwithmiddle-classWhitefamiliescannotalwaysbegeneralizedtoallethnicgroups.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,researchersunfamiliarwiththetargetculturesareinclinedto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheemicapproachandtheeticapproach?

3.Comparedwiththeeticapproach,theemicapproachisapparentlymore（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheethnicminorityfamiliesintheU.S?

問題1選項

A.beovercautiousinconstructingmeaningfulmeasures

B.viewthemfromtheirownculturalperspective

C.guardagainstinterferencefromtheirownculture

D.acceptreadilywhatisalientotheirownculture

問題2選項

A.Theyhavedifferentresearchfocusesinthestudyofethnicissues

B.Theformerisbiasedwhilethelatterisobjective.

C.Theformerconcentratesonthestudyofculturewhilethelatteronfamilyissues.

D.Theyarebothheavilydependentonquestionnairesinconductingsurveys.

問題3選項

A.culturallyinteractive

B.culture-oriented

C.culturallybiased

D.culture-specific

問題4選項

A.Theirculturalpatternsareusuallymoreadaptable.

B.Theirculturalconceptsaredifficulttocomprehend.

C.Theydon'tinteractwitheachothersomuchasWhitefamilies.

D.TheyhavecloserfamilytiesthanWhitefamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由第一段“Researcherswhoareunfamiliarwiththeculturalandethnicgroupstheyarestudyingmusttakeextraprecautionstoshedanybiasestheybringwiththemfromtheirownculture.不熟悉他們所研究的文化和種族群體的研究人員必須采取額外的預(yù)防措施，以擺脫他們從自己的文化帶來的任何偏見?！笨芍芯空咴谘芯磕吧幕瘯r有從自己的文化出發(fā)的傾向。答案B

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Intheemicapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorinonecultureorethnicgroupintermsthataremeaningfulandimportanttothepeopleinthatcultureorethnicgroup,withoutregardtootherculturesorethnicgroups.Intheeticapproach,thegoalistodescribebehaviorsothatgeneralizationscanbemadeacrosscultures.在主位研究法中，目標(biāo)是用描述一種對某一種文化或民族有意義并且重要的行為，而不考慮其他文化或民族。在客位研究方法中，目標(biāo)是描述一些適用于不同文化的行為。”可知這兩種研究的重心不同。答案A

第3題:推理判斷題。通過上題以及對第二段和第三段的理解可知，emicapproach主位研究法偏向于研究某一個群體的文化；eticapproach客位研究法研究不同文化的共同之處。答案D

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Instudyingethnicminorityfamilies,theresearcherswouldlikelydiscoverthattheextendedfamilyismorefrequentlyasupportsysteminethnicminorityfamiliesthaninWhiteAmericanfamilies.在研究少數(shù)民族家庭時，研究人員可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，與美國白人家庭相比，少數(shù)民族家庭中的大家庭更具有支撐地位?！笨赏浦贁?shù)民族家庭比白人家庭有更親密的親情關(guān)系。答案D

6.單選題

Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree_____sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.

問題1選項

A.thanwhat

B.that

C.morethan

D.thanthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級的規(guī)則。根據(jù)句中的more，肯定要有than，根據(jù)相比較對象一致的原則，本題是thatsheshouldbefree與thatsheshouldlivealuxuriouslife之間相比較的句子，所以選項D為正確答案。

7.單選題

Thenumber30onaroadsign（

）thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.

問題1選項

A.forecasts

B.signifies

C.illuminates

D.characterize

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。forecast預(yù)測，預(yù)示；signify；表示，意味著；illuminate闡明；.characterize具有...的特征。句意：路牌上的數(shù)字30表示限速30英里每小時。選項B符合句意。

8.填空題

Thesedayspeoplegettheirnewsfrommanydifferent（1）.Somepeoplestillreadanold-styleprinteddailynewspaper,while（2）readnewspaperson（3）.Manypeopleno（4）readanewspaperatall,insteadrelying（5）theinternetforshortnewsarticles,orvisitingfavoritewebsitesthatcirculatepiecesfromotherwebsites.AnothergroupofpeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromTVorradiobroadcasts.ManyWesternintellectualsregardthedeclineofthegreat

dailynewspapersasanegative（6）thatwillleadtoa（7）understandingofworldaffairs.Theyarealarmedbythegrowingnumberofpeoplewholargely

（8）

theoutsideworld,focusingontheirownsocietyorsmallpersonalsphere.

句意:

現(xiàn)在人們可以通過多種出處獲取新聞。一些人仍然閱讀老式的紙質(zhì)日報，而另一些人則在網(wǎng)上看報紙。許多人不再在網(wǎng)上看報紙，相反只是依賴網(wǎng)絡(luò)去關(guān)注短消息，或瀏覽自己喜歡的網(wǎng)站。還有一群人是通過電視或收音機獲取大部分消息。許多西方知識分子把偉大的日報的衰落視為一種負(fù)面的現(xiàn)象，它將導(dǎo)致人們對世界事務(wù)了解的匱乏。他們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，越來越多的人只會把注意力放在自我世界之中，關(guān)心自己的事，而忽視外面的世界。

【答案】1.sources

2.others

3.internet

4.longer

5.on

6.phenomenon

7.poor

8.ignore

【解析】1.邏輯銜接。由關(guān)鍵詞“news新聞”知這里指代“從不同的出處或消息來源獲取新聞”，故這里填sources“出處；消息來源”。

2.固定搭配。some...others—些，另一些。

3.邏輯銜接。文中提到一些人讀紙質(zhì)報紙，那另一些人很自然就讀網(wǎng)上的報紙。

4.固定搭配。Nolonger...atall不再

5.固定搭配。relyon依靠

6.語義題。句意:許多知識分子把偉大的日報的衰落視為一種負(fù)面的現(xiàn)象。

7.語義題。句意:閱讀報紙的人數(shù)下降，人們對世界事務(wù)的了解變得匱乏。

8.語義題。句意:人們把注意力放在個人世界里，也就會無視外面的世界。

9.單選題

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deduce“推論，推斷”；B選項presume“假設(shè)，認(rèn)為”；C選項pretend“假裝，偽裝”；D選項presuppose“假設(shè)，以……為前提”。根據(jù)Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：如果沒有人問任何問題，那么我認(rèn)為大家都能理解。

10.翻譯題

Duringourlivesallofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness，death，etc.Ifourfinancesarevulnerabletotheconsequencesofariskevent,itwouldbewisetoprotectourselvesandourdependentsagainstthoseconsequences.Thiscanbedoneinanumberofways,fromtakingstepstoensurethatwearenotendangeredtopurchasinginsurancethatwouldcompensateforthefinancialconsequencesoftheriskeventoccurring.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】在我們的一生中，我們所有人都有可能面對各種不同的風(fēng)險中，如：工傷事故、重病、死亡等等。如果我們的財產(chǎn)易受到風(fēng)險事故后果的影響，所以保護我們自己和我們的家人免遭這些后果的傷害是明智的做法。這可以通過很多途徑來實現(xiàn)，從采取措施確保我們不受危害到購買保險來彌補突發(fā)事故發(fā)生所帶來的經(jīng)濟后果。

11.單選題

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

問題1選項

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

問題2選項

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

問題3選項

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

問題4選項

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

問題5選項

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希臘詞phannakon的字面意思是為了強調(diào)希臘醫(yī)學(xué)的原始性質(zhì)。選項D符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”選項B符合原文。

第3題:試題分析：第五段中說到公元前七世紀(jì)的希臘人認(rèn)為，醫(yī)生對于疾病必須要從科學(xué)框架內(nèi)的身體病因與超自然因素等方面去考慮，也就是比較全面的方法。所以A選項正確。

第4題:根據(jù)第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，選項A符合原文。

第5題:根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，盡管醫(yī)學(xué)取得了巨大的進步，許多最新添加到藥柜貨架上的現(xiàn)代藥物都是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。選項D符合原文。

12.單選題

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

問題1選項

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查倒裝句。句意：直到天黑，她才意識到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C選項意思為“一……就”；A選項nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒裝；B選項hardly…when“”和C選項scarcely…when是固定搭配。D選項itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正確。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

WhenyouaskmeaboutCynthia,whatwereyou（）?

問題1選項

A.meaningfor

B.drivingat

C.intendingfor

D.intendingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。選項A介詞搭配不正確，可首先排除；B選項driveat相當(dāng)于aimat“用意所在”；C選項intendfor“打算使”；D選項intendto“打算做…，想要”，后面一般需要接dosth.。句意：你問我關(guān)于辛西婭的事，你的用意何在？所以選項B正確。

14.單選題

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

問題1選項

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】語法和形近詞