考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東南方職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東南方職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

EnglishliteratureandLinguisticsare（

）coursesforEnglishmajors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.compulsory

C.conditional

D.conventional

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的，被強(qiáng)迫的”；B選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，必修的”；C選項(xiàng)conditional“條件語(yǔ)氣的”；D選項(xiàng)conventional“符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的”。主語(yǔ)是“EnglishliteratureandLinguistics英國(guó)文學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)”，空格后面“courses課程”是句子的表語(yǔ)。由此判斷空格部分意思為“compulsorycourses必修課程”，句意為：英國(guó)文學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)是英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的必修課程。選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

2.單選題

Hewasgivenapresentin（）ofhisworkforthebusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.honor

B.realization

C.acknowledgement

D.encouragement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)honor“榮譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)realization“實(shí)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)識(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)acknowledgement“承認(rèn)，感謝”；D選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”。句意：他得到一份禮物，以感謝他為公司所做的工作。本句表示感謝他做的工作。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Every（）ofamotionpictureistheresponsibilityofthedirector.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.section

B.facet

C.character

D.footage

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)section“截面；部分；部門；地區(qū)；章節(jié)”；B選項(xiàng)facet“面；方面；小平面用”；C選項(xiàng)character“性格，品質(zhì)；特性；角色；[計(jì)]字符”；D選項(xiàng)footage“英尺長(zhǎng)度；連續(xù)鏡頭；以尺計(jì)算長(zhǎng)度”。句意：電影的每一段鏡頭都是導(dǎo)演的責(zé)任。由電影導(dǎo)演的責(zé)任可知此處鏡頭的含義最合適，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inview

B.inquestion

C.incase

D.ineffect

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)inview“已提出的；已計(jì)劃好的”；B選項(xiàng)inquestion“正被討論的”；C選項(xiàng)incase“萬(wàn)一；如果”；D選項(xiàng)ineffect“生效；正實(shí)施中”。句意：任何專業(yè)討論的詞匯可能包括……主題或領(lǐng)域之外從來(lái)不使用的單詞。一些專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)會(huì)在正討論著的主題或者領(lǐng)域外產(chǎn)生。句中缺少outsidethesubjectorfield一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)，B選項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯，故選B。

5.單選題

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exotic“奇異的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“極好的，華麗的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，發(fā)亮的”；spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”。句意：我手邊上的指針會(huì)發(fā)光，所以我能在黑暗中看清時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno（）tothehealthservice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessment

B.assignment

C.exception

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)估計(jì)，超過三分之一的人口無(wú)法獲得公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。

考查固定搭配。Haveaccessto有權(quán)使用，有機(jī)會(huì)使用。

7.單選題

Ringingchurchbellssetsup________intheAlpinevalleys.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resonance

B.forests

C.churchbuilding

D.priests

【答案】A

【解析】resonance共鳴,反響;priests牧師,神父。句意：教堂的鐘聲在阿爾卑斯山谷中回蕩。選項(xiàng)A正確。

8.單選題

IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.

Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.

“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.

So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.Withonlyoneof

themdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas

（

）.

3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?

4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.

B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.

C.Heneededittograduate.

D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouraging

B.disbelieving

C.instructive

D.Alloftheabove

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.

B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.

C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.

D.Hedidn’ttry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.self-congratulatory

B.irony

C.degrading

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必須通過一門生物科學(xué)課程否則你不能畢業(yè)。”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在開始的時(shí)候有足夠耐心，解釋如何通過顯微鏡看到東西，但他總是在憤怒中結(jié)束，聲稱我也可以通過顯微鏡看到東西，只是假裝我不能看到?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他聲稱，這是由于我沒有調(diào)好顯微鏡，所以他就為我調(diào)試，或者更確切地說，為自己。我再看了一遍，結(jié)果我看到了乳狀物?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（導(dǎo)師）大聲說?！澳阋压潭绥R頭，以至于它發(fā)生了反射！你畫了你的眼睛！”可推知B項(xiàng)“諷刺的”正確。A項(xiàng)“自滿的”；C項(xiàng)“可恥的；不名譽(yù)的”；D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)的”。

9.單選題

[A]Amilk[B]canprovideprotein[C]foracheap,[D]nutritionallybalanceddiet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.canprovide

C.foracheap

D.nutritionally

【答案】A

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】冠詞的使用。

【解題思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可數(shù)名詞，因此不能用不定冠詞a修飾，故去掉a。該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白質(zhì)，提供便宜、營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡的飲食。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)弘揚(yáng)了團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、和平的奧林匹克精神，成為世界各國(guó)人民共同見證的文化交流的盛會(huì)。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功，是中國(guó)人民和世界各國(guó)人民共同努力的結(jié)果。榮譽(yù)屬于國(guó)際奧林匹克大家庭，屬于在比賽場(chǎng)上奮勇爭(zhēng)先的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，屬于來(lái)自世界各地的自愿者。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦，將更加有力地促進(jìn)中國(guó)體育事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，將更加廣泛地促進(jìn)中國(guó)同國(guó)際奧林匹克大家庭的交流合作，將更加深入地促進(jìn)中國(guó)人民同世界各國(guó)人民的相互了解和友誼。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

11.單選題

Duringthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedstudentstoreadafew（

）fromthenovel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:上閱讀課時(shí)，老師要求學(xué)生閱讀小說中的幾個(gè)。

pieces(完整的)作品;essay論文,文章;fragment片段,一般指文藝作品中的殘存部分；extract書本中的摘錄，選段等。故選D。

12.單選題

Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deviated

B.disconnected

C.detached

D.distorted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：每個(gè)工作日，工人們遵循著同樣的日程表，很少常規(guī)。A選項(xiàng)deviated脫離，偏離；B選項(xiàng)disconnected切斷；拆開；C選項(xiàng)detached分離，拆開；D選項(xiàng)distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意為“背離，偏離”，應(yīng)選A。

13.單選題

JillKerConway,presidentofSmith,echoestheprevailingviewofcontemporarytechnologywhenshesaysthat“anyoneintoday’sworldwhodoesn’tunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated.”Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Saysshe:“Theverystronglyutilitarianemphasisineducation,whichisaneffectofman-madesatellitesandthecoldwar,hasreallyremovedfromthisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinits18thand19thcenturyrots,whichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsinthemselvesforademocraticrepublic.”

IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAges,theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.Itspurpose,totheextentthatithasone,istopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“Whatcouldmanacquire,byvirtuousstriving,thatismorevaluablethanknowledge?”askedErasmus,perhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredatraditionofitsown.“Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself,”saidJohnDewey,“Itisitsownend.”

Butwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedon?Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).Asrecentlyasthelastcentury,whenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatall,studentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintexts,andcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheintroductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.“Theyfelt.”saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory,“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”

1.ThefirstparagraphshowsthatJillKerConwayacceptsutilitarianemphasisineducation（）.

2.Educationforeducation’ssakewasprobablyopposedby（）.

3.Theideathateducationtransmitsknowledgeisdatedbackto（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredthatCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.（）.

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wholeheartedly

B.withreservation

C.againstherownwill

D.withcontempt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.scholarsintheRenaissanceperiod

B.JillKerConway

C.scholarsintheDarkAges

D.Plato

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theRenaissancehumanists

B.themedievaluniversities

C.the18thcentury'sAmericanscholars

D.thecoldwarperiod

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.devotedhislateryearstoclassicaleducation

B.wasanadvocateofeducationinhistory

C.wasanopponenttoclassicaleducation

D.regretteddiminishingtheimportanceofthedistinction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.FivepercentofAmericancollegestudentslearntLatintexts.

B.StudentsinNewEnglandlearntLatintextsinofficialorganizations.

C.StudentswerecompelledtolearnmodernEuropeanlanguages.

D.AmericancollegestudentshadtolearnLatintextsbyreading.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.（但她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，對(duì)這些問題的日益重視留下了一定的差距。）我們可以知道知道，雖然吉爾?克爾?康維支持實(shí)用主義教育，但是她認(rèn)為實(shí)用主義教育仍然有一些欠缺，因此B選項(xiàng)“仍然有余地”正確。A選項(xiàng)“全心全意地”；C選項(xiàng)“與她的意志相違背”以及D選項(xiàng)“帶有目的性的”，都不正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句和第二句IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.Overjoyedwith...theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.（與柏拉圖對(duì)教育的社會(huì)價(jià)值的主張相反，文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文主義者提倡一種完全不同的關(guān)于智力目的的觀點(diǎn)。他們?yōu)橹匦掳l(fā)現(xiàn)被認(rèn)為在黑暗時(shí)代已經(jīng)消失的經(jīng)典知識(shí)而欣喜若狂，他們認(rèn)為知識(shí)的傳授不需要任何理由——宗教的，社會(huì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的或政治的。）通過這兩句話我們知道，柏拉圖認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該具有社會(huì)價(jià)值，而文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文主義者持有與柏拉圖完全不同的觀點(diǎn)，提出知識(shí)的傳授不應(yīng)該具有宗教、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治目的，由此我們可以推斷出，文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文主義者建議“教育只為教育而生”即“educationforeducation’ssake”的觀點(diǎn)，綜合考慮，最有可能反對(duì)“教育的目的就是教育本身?！钡氖前乩瓐D，因此D選項(xiàng)“柏拉圖”正確。A選項(xiàng)“文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的學(xué)者”沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“吉爾?克爾?康維”，她雖支持實(shí)用主義教育，但仍認(rèn)為它有一些欠缺，因此不正確；而C選項(xiàng)“黑暗時(shí)代的學(xué)者”，沒有提及。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第二句Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).（在較簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)代，它全部被包括在中世紀(jì)大學(xué)的四科（算術(shù)、幾何、天文學(xué)、音樂）和三科（語(yǔ)法，修辭，邏輯）中。）通過這句話我們知道，在簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)代，中世紀(jì)大學(xué)向?qū)W生傳授四門學(xué)科（算術(shù)、幾何、天文、音樂）和三學(xué)科（語(yǔ)法、修辭、邏輯）的知識(shí)，因此我們可以判斷出教育傳授知識(shí)的觀點(diǎn)可以追溯至中世紀(jì)大學(xué)，因此B選項(xiàng)“中世紀(jì)的大學(xué)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文主義者”；C選項(xiàng)“18世紀(jì)的美國(guó)學(xué)者”以及D選項(xiàng)“冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期”，都不符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段“Theyfelt,”saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnion...distinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.（“他們的感受。小查爾斯?弗朗西斯?亞當(dāng)斯遺憾地說?！奥?lián)合太平洋鐵路總統(tǒng)晚年致力于書寫歷史，”一個(gè)古典教育的重要區(qū)別是一個(gè)人上大學(xué)，一個(gè)人沒有上大學(xué)，任何削弱這種區(qū)別的事本質(zhì)上都是革命，傾向于無(wú)政府狀態(tài)?！保┳髡咴谝眠@段話時(shí)用了regretfully（遺憾地）一詞，從而說明CharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.是反對(duì)古典教育的，因此C選項(xiàng)“是古典教育的反對(duì)者”正確。A選項(xiàng)“晚年致力于古典教育”；B選項(xiàng)“是歷史上教育的倡導(dǎo)者”以及D選項(xiàng)“遺憾的是降低了區(qū)別的重要性”都屬于抓住這一段引語(yǔ)中的個(gè)別詞句進(jìn)行發(fā)揮，都與原文不符，也無(wú)法由原文推知。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段第三句Asrecentlyasthelastcentury...ormodernEuropeanlanguages(近至上個(gè)世紀(jì)，當(dāng)美國(guó)上大學(xué)的人總共還不到5%的時(shí)候，新英格蘭教育機(jī)構(gòu)里的學(xué)生卻在被迫著記憶和背誦各種拉丁文本，那些頑固的教授憤怒地反對(duì)引進(jìn)任何新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)或現(xiàn)代歐洲語(yǔ)言)。B選項(xiàng)中的officialorganizations是該句中establishments的改寫，意思上與原文相符，因此B選項(xiàng)“新英格蘭的學(xué)生在官方機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)拉丁文”正確。A選項(xiàng)“百分之五的美國(guó)大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)拉丁文”；C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生們被迫學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代歐洲語(yǔ)言”以及D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)大學(xué)生必須通過閱讀來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語(yǔ)”都不符合原文。

14.單選題

Thedriverwasinan（

）ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agony

B.ache

C.ailing

D.ailment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)agony“苦惱，極度痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)ache“疼痛”；C選項(xiàng)ailing“不適，困擾”；D選項(xiàng)ailment“小病，不安”。句意：司機(jī)因?yàn)樽驳沽四莻€(gè)女孩而感到極度悲痛。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Awearabletechnologydeveloped-byresearchersatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicinemayhelpsurgeonsto（）cancercells,whichwillhelptoensurethatnostraytumorcellsareleft-behindduringsurgicalprocedures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.utilize

B.visualize

C.transcend

D.transform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。utilize利用；visualize顯現(xiàn)，可視化；transcend勝過，超越；transform變換，改變。由which引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容可知“這可穿戴的技術(shù)可以幫助確保癌細(xì)胞無(wú)殘留”說明這項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠讓外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程過看清楚癌細(xì)胞。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)的一種可穿戴技術(shù)可能有助于外科醫(yī)生看清楚癌細(xì)胞，這將有助于確保在手術(shù)過程中不會(huì)留下任何游離的腫瘤細(xì)胞。

16.單選題

Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceed

B.exclaim

C.excess

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。exceed“超過，勝過”；exclaim“大聲說出”；excess“超過”，名詞；extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”。

句意：她在研究中的收獲可能超過她的預(yù)期。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)bluntly“坦率地，率直地”；B選項(xiàng)convincingly“使人信服地，有說服力地”；C選項(xiàng)emphatically“堅(jiān)決地，斷然地”；D選項(xiàng)determinedly“決然地，斷然地”。句意：他講得如此有說服力，以至于他的對(duì)手都被他的辯論所折服。結(jié)合此處句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)scattered“分散的，散亂的”；B選項(xiàng)overflowed“溢出的”；C選項(xiàng)permeated“滲透，彌漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢著；D選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”。句意：在中國(guó)的外國(guó)學(xué)生洋溢著大量的中國(guó)文化氣息。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。

19.單選題

Thoughsheisn'tBritishbybirth,sheisaBritishcitizenby（）ofhermarriagetoanEnglishman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtue

B.merit

C.approach

D.relation

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。byvirtueof為固定搭配,意為"由于,憑借"。句意：雖然她不是英國(guó)人,但由于她嫁給了英國(guó)人,所以她是英國(guó)公民。

20.單選題

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三種基本方式可以描述為市場(chǎng)體制、管理體制和傳統(tǒng)體制。）文章第一段就點(diǎn)明了三種不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系：市場(chǎng)體系、行政管理體系和傳統(tǒng)體系。接下來(lái)分別介紹了這三種體系，每一段的第一句都點(diǎn)明了具體要介紹的體系。而文章中作者并沒有解釋有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的知識(shí)，也沒有表示哪一種經(jīng)濟(jì)體系更優(yōu)越，因此A選項(xiàng)“概述不同類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度”正確。B選項(xiàng)“來(lái)解釋經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”，是作者沒有解釋的；C選項(xiàng)“論證單一經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的優(yōu)越性”，作者在文中是沒有論述的；D選項(xiàng)“比較易貨市場(chǎng)和貨幣交換市場(chǎng)”，只是市場(chǎng)體系中的兩種形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句話Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的，找到想用舊車交換帆船的人可能并不總是一件容易的任務(wù)。）通過這句話可以看出，在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，可見這種有形的物物交換對(duì)交換者而言是具有很大難度的，交易者想要做交易并沒有那么容易，因此D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)交易者的困難”正確。A選項(xiàng)“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特點(diǎn)；B選項(xiàng)“誤解，誤會(huì)”這一點(diǎn)原文并沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“膨脹；通貨膨脹”不是易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)體現(xiàn)的。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央計(jì)劃顯示了不同公司生產(chǎn)的每種商品的數(shù)量，并分配給不同的家庭用于消費(fèi)。）這一段講述了如何去制定市場(chǎng)的相關(guān)規(guī)定，而最高級(jí)的規(guī)定制定就來(lái)自于政府，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)體戶”，他們只是經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與者；B選項(xiàng)“小企業(yè)”，沒有這個(gè)權(quán)利；C選項(xiàng)“大公司”，仍然沒有政府的等級(jí)高。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句話everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每個(gè)人在經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中的地位是由出身、宗教和習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗來(lái)決定的），可以得出只有B選項(xiàng)“年齡”是沒有提到的，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“家庭背景”；C選項(xiàng)“宗教信仰”；D選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)俗”都是提到了的。

5.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中，真正的商品，如汽車、鞋子和披薩顯然是相互交易的。）可以看出來(lái)在易貨經(jīng)濟(jì)中交易的都是一些實(shí)在的物品，因此A選項(xiàng)“用貨物、財(cái)產(chǎn)等交換其他貨物”是正確的。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)單位”原文沒有提及；C選項(xiàng)“一種食物”，只是其中的一種；D選項(xiàng)“交易”，這就是這件事本身。

21.單選題

Toeverybody’ssurprise,therefereetooka______viewofthefoulanddidnotpunishtheplayeratall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lenient

B.divergent

C.dim

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lenient“寬大的；仁慈的”；B選項(xiàng)divergent“相異的，分歧的；求異的，發(fā)散的；散開的”；C選項(xiàng)dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲觀的，懷疑的”；D選項(xiàng)cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的；十分小心的”。句意：令大家吃驚的是，裁判對(duì)這次犯規(guī)很寬容，根本沒有處罰球員。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia.Thesecommunalendeavorsheraldedautopianageofunparalleledaccesstosystemsandinformationatlittleornocost,andconvertedWeb2.0fromamerecollectionoftechnologiestoasystemofliberationandempowerment.

ButtheroadtoUtopiaalltoooftenendsupdetouringthroughthebusinessdistrict,andWeb2.0hasbeennoexception.Byofferingthemeansofproductionfreetotheirusers,otherleviathansites,suchasFacebook,Twitter,andYouTube,havegeneratedenormousamountsofcontentatalmostnoexpense.Evenbetter,thiscontentisagoldminefortargetedadvertising.

OverinUtopia,theworkerswhogeneratedallthosearticles,photos，tweets,andvideoswouldgetacutoftheprofitstheyhelpedtogenerate.Inthebusinessdistrict,however,usersretaintheiramateurstatus,whilethecompaniestheylaborforrakeinbillions.Worse,contributorsdon’tevenownthecontenttheycreate.Thesmallestofthesmallprintinthetermsofuse,whichyoumustagreetoinordertogetanaccount,statesthatthecompanycanuseyourcontentasitseesfit.

ToNicholasCarr,thissmacksofexploitationratherthanemancipation,andhecoinedatermforit:digitalsharecropping.Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership.Heck,eventhemostput-uponsharecropperearnedashareofthecropheworkedsohardtocultivate;today’sdigitalserfsworkontheirprofiles,timelines,andfeedsforfree,withtargetedadstheironly“compensation.”

Tobesure,nooneonthesesitesseestheiruploadingofposts,photos,andvideosas“work.”Butthisadhoccontentcreationisn’tenoughformanycompanies,sonowthey’reoutrightaskingnonemployeestocontribute.Thiswasprecededbycrowdsourcing，whichinvolvesobtaininglabor,products,orcontentfrompeopleoutsidethecompany,particularlyfromalargegroupofcustomersoramateurswhoworkforlittlepay.Agoodexampleisthephenomenonofmicrowork,ashort,simpletaskthatacompanycrowdsourcesforasmallfee,particularlytoworkersintheunderdevelopedworld.

1.LinuxandWikipediaarementionedas（）.

2.FacebookandTwitterhaveproducedinformationatlittlecostby（）.

3.Intheweb2.0businessworld,thecompanies（）.

4.Whatdothedigitalsharecroppersandfarmershaveincommon?

5.InParagraph4，theword“relinquish”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

6.Bycrowdsourcing,companies（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.representativesofoutdatedinformationtechnology

B.examplesofcollectivelyconstructedinformationsystem

C.merecollectionsoftechnologies

D.ThefirstfreeserviceofInternetaccess

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.buildinganidealworldonline

B.attractingmoreonlineadvertising

C.usingtheWeb2technology

D.allowingtheiruserstouploadmaterialswithoutcharge

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.agreetousers’termstoencourageaccountregistration

B.discouragetheirusersfromamateurstatus

C.providetheownershipoftheinformationtousers

D.makemoneyoutofusers’contribution

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyreceivelessthantheydeserve.

B.Theyarepaidtheminimumwage.

C.Theyhaveashareoftheprofittheycreated.

D.Theygetownershipbyhardwork.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.claim

B.pass

C.abandon

D.transfer

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.uploadenoughcontentfortheirusers

B.getresourcesfromamateurswithlittlemoney

C.attractmoreadvertisingclients

D.providejobopportunitiestotechniciansworldwide

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第一句話提到就在昨天我們還在贊美Linux和維基百科這些社會(huì)創(chuàng)造的奇跡（ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatwewereextollingthevirtuesofsuchsociallyproducedwondersasLinuxandWikipedia），通過這些奇跡人們可以花費(fèi)很少甚至不需要花費(fèi)成本就可以獲得信息（unparalleledaccesstosystemsandinformationatlittleornocost），由此可知Linux與Wikipedia也是能夠幫助人們獲得信息的手段，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到通過向用戶提供免費(fèi)的創(chuàng)造方式，這些網(wǎng)站比如Facebook,Twitter以及YouTube幾乎沒費(fèi)任何成本就生產(chǎn)出了海量的內(nèi)容（Byofferingthemeansofproductionfreetotheirusers,otherleviathansites,suchasFacebook,Twitter,andYouTube,havegeneratedenormousamountsofcontentatalmostnoexpense），由此可知它們之所以能夠低成本生產(chǎn)出這么多內(nèi)容是因?yàn)橛写罅坑脩魩退鼈儎?chuàng)造，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第三段第二句話提到在商業(yè)區(qū)，用戶保持著業(yè)余狀態(tài)，而他們?yōu)橹Φ钠髽I(yè)從中賺取大量金錢（Inthebusinessdistrict,however,usersretaintheiramateurstatus,whilethecompaniestheylaborforrakeinbillions），因此可以推斷這些企業(yè)是依靠用戶賺錢，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。文章第四段第二句提到就像那些在土地上勞作但沒有土地所有權(quán)的農(nóng)民一樣，數(shù)字佃農(nóng)為公司帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)，但是也沒有所有權(quán)（Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership），因此農(nóng)民與數(shù)字佃農(nóng)的共同之處就在于都付出了很多，但是得到的回報(bào)非常少，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.詞義題。Relinquish這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)在Justlikethefarmlaborersofoldagewhoworkedthelandbutdidn’townit,digitalsharecroppersgrowtheproductthatearnsWeb2.0companiestheirprofits,buttheyrelinquishownership這句話中，該句是將農(nóng)民與數(shù)字佃農(nóng)做比較，根據(jù)句子前后分析可知relinquishownership與didn’townit表達(dá)的是同樣的意思，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到眾包就是從公司外部獲取勞動(dòng)力、產(chǎn)品或內(nèi)容，特別是從一大批收入微薄的客戶或者業(yè)余人員那里獲取內(nèi)容（Thiswasprecededbycrowdsourcing，whichinvolvesobtaininglabor,products,orcontentfrompeopleoutsid