考研考博-英語-信陽航空職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-信陽航空職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Byafternoon,itwasimpossibleto（）theheat,sowestoppedworkingandwent

inside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mask

B.endure

C.defeat

D.shelter

【答案】B

【解析】句意:到下午了，我們不可能忍受炎熱，因此，我們要停止工作，回到室內(nèi)。

考查動詞辨析。mask掩藏；endure忍耐，容忍；defeat戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗；shelter保護(hù)，庇護(hù)。根據(jù)賓語theheat熱度可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hotobjectsemit______coldobjectsdo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raysmorethaninfrared

B.raysaremoreinfraredthan

C.morethaninfraredrays

D.moreinfraredraysthan

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。emit（發(fā)出，發(fā)射）是及物動詞，后面應(yīng)該加一個賓語，并且需要than來引導(dǎo)比較從句，句意：熱物體的紅外線輻射比冷物體強(qiáng)。因此只有D項(xiàng)符合條件。

3.單選題

Theinitialresultsoftheexperimentdidn’t（）quiteasexpected,totheirdisappointment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeplace

B.endup

C.bringabout

D.turnout

【答案】D

【解析】動詞短語。takeplace“發(fā)生”;endup“結(jié)束”；bringabout“引起”;turnout“結(jié)果是”。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)的初步結(jié)果并不是和他們預(yù)期的一樣，這讓他們感到沮喪。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Indubitablythevastmajorityofbooksoverlaponeanother.Fewindeedarethosewhichgivetheimpressionoforiginality,eitherinstyleorincontent.Rarearetheuniquebooks—lessthan50,perhaps,outofthewholestorehouseofliterature.Inoneofhisrecentauto-biographicalnovels,BlaiseCendrarspointsoutthatRemydeGourmont,becauseofhisknowledgeandawarenessofthisrepetitivequalityinbooks,wasabletoselectandreadallthatisworthwhileintheentirerealmofliterature.Cendrarshimself—whowouldsuspectit?—isaprodigiousreader.Hereadsmostauthorsintheiroriginaltongue.Notonlythat,butwhenhelikesanauthorhereadseverylastbookthemanhaswritten,aswellashislettersandallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Inourdayhiscaseisalmostunparalleled,Iimagine.For,notonlyhashereadwidelyanddeeply,buthehashimselfwrittenagreatmanybooks.Allontheside,asitwere.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.Heis,inasense,theJuliusCaesarofliterature.

【答案】不容置疑的是，大多數(shù)書都互相重復(fù)，在文體或內(nèi)容上讓人感到具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的書實(shí)在是少之又少。在整個文學(xué)庫藏中，只有極少數(shù)作品——或許不到50本——是獨(dú)具一格的。在最近出版的一部自傳體小說中，布萊斯?桑德拉爾指出，古爾蒙之所以能夠選擇并通讀文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中一切值得讀的書籍，就是因?yàn)樗R淵博，并且了解書的這種重復(fù)性。桑德拉爾本人就是一個博覽群書的人，沒有人會懷疑這一點(diǎn)。他閱讀了大部分作家的原作。不僅如此，一旦他喜歡上一個作家，他就會閱讀這個作家寫的每一本書，包括他的書信以及所有有關(guān)他的書籍。我猜想，在當(dāng)今世界上，幾乎沒有人能像他一樣，不僅讀得廣、讀得精，而且還著述頗豐?？梢哉f這一切都是在業(yè)余時間完成的。因?yàn)樯５吕瓲柺且粋€十足的行動家，一個四處跋涉的冒險家和探險家，一個懂得如何“肆意浪費(fèi)”時間的人。從某種意義上說，他是文學(xué)界的凱撒大帝。

5.單選題

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

SectionB

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“l(fā)imitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

SectionC

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

SectionD

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

SectionE

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

1.Personallibertyandindependencehaveneverbeenregardedasdirectlylinkedtohealth-care.

2.Health-carecametobeseenasarightataboutthesametimethatthelimitsofhealth-careresourcesbecameevident.

3.InOECDcountriespopulationchangeshavehadanimpactonhealth-carecostsinrecentyears.

4.OECDgovernmentshaveconsistentlyunderestimatedthelevelofhealth-careprovisionneeded.

5.Inmosteconomicallydevelopedcountriestheelderlywillhavetomakespecialprovisionfortheirhealth-careinthefuture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.YESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsofthewriter

B.NOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriter

C.NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionC中第二句，“Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.”，同教育、政治和法律程序和機(jī)構(gòu)、公共秩序、通訊、運(yùn)輸和貨幣供應(yīng)一樣，醫(yī)療保健被視為人民行使其作為自主人的其他權(quán)利所必需的基本社會設(shè)施之一?？膳袛喑鰝€人自由和獨(dú)立與醫(yī)療保健是有聯(lián)系的。所以表述與原文不符合，答案為“NO”。

2.根據(jù)SectionE中第一句，“Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.”，就在醫(yī)療保健資源明顯不能滿足人們要求的時候，他們要求國家滿足他們獲得醫(yī)療保健的基本權(quán)利?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)療保健被視為一項(xiàng)權(quán)利的同時，醫(yī)療保健資源的限制也變得很明顯，表述正確，答案為“YES”。

3.根據(jù)SectionE中第二句，“Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchanges…”，導(dǎo)致目前對醫(yī)療保健資源分配的關(guān)注的第二組更具體的變化源于大多數(shù)經(jīng)合發(fā)組織國家醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的急劇增加，同時還伴隨著大規(guī)模的人口和社會變化，可判斷出近年來，經(jīng)合組織國家的人口變化對醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用帶來了影響，表述正確。答案為“YES”。

4.文中沒有提及“經(jīng)合組織各國政府低估了所需的醫(yī)療保健水平”這一問題，故答案為“NOTGIVEN”。

5.文中沒有提及“在大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的國家，老年人將來必須為他們的保健做特別的準(zhǔn)備”這一問題，故答案為“NOTGIVEN”。

6.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺，但它們的視力卻很敏銳。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous精力充沛的;exact準(zhǔn)確的，精確的；acute嚴(yán)重的，敏銳的；vivid生動的，鮮明的。根據(jù)前半句句意“盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺”可知這里在對比鳥的嗅覺跟視覺，故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

WhileitmaybedebatablewhetherSuezmarkedtheendofBritain’simperialera,itundoubtedlyblewawaythe（）ofcoequalityintheAnglo-Americanpartnership.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mirage

B.disillusion

C.conjuration

D.deception

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。mirage“幻想，妄想”；disillusion“幻滅，醒悟”；conjuration“祈禱，咒語”；deception“欺騙，欺詐”。句意：盡管蘇伊士運(yùn)河是否標(biāo)志著英國帝國主義的結(jié)束存在爭議，但是毫無疑問它吹走了英美伙伴關(guān)系中平等的幻想。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.填空題

Whatisgoodisthoughttobe________andwhatisevilisthoughttobeharmful,butdefininggoodandevilremainsacentralquestionofethics.(benefit)

【答案】beneficial

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前面的be，以及表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)的and，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為形容詞，beneficial“有益的”符合語境，指的是善被認(rèn)為是有益的。

【句意】善被認(rèn)為是有益的，惡被認(rèn)為是有害的，但定義善惡仍然是倫理學(xué)的中心問題。

9.單選題

Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymonth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.

Caveartfurnishesothertypesofevidenceofthisphenomenon.Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.

Cluestoright-handednesscanalsobefoundbyothermethods.Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.

Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.

Toolsthemselvescanberevealing.Long-handedNeolithicspoonsofyewwoodpreservedinAlpinevillagesdatingto3000B.C.havesurvived;thesignsofrubbingontheirleftsideindicatethattheiruserswereright-handed.ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.

Occasionallyonecandeterminewhetherstonetoolswereusedintherighthandortheleft,anditisevenpossibletoassesshowfarbackthisfeaturecanbetraced.Instonetoolmakingexperiments,NickToth,aright-hander,heldthecore(thestonethatwouldbecomethetool)inhislefthandandthehammerstoneinhisright.Asthetoolwasmade,thecorewasrotatedclockwise,andtheflakes,removedinsequence,hadalittlecrescentofcortex(thecore’soutersurface)ontheside.Toth’sknappingproduced56percentflakeswiththecortexontheright,and44percentleft-orientedflakes.Aleft-handedtoolmakerwouldproducetheoppositepatternTothhasappliedthesecriteriatothesimilarlymadepebbletoolsfromanumberofearlysites(before1.5millionyears)atKoobiFora,Kenya,probablymadebyHomohabilis.Atsevensiteshefoundthat57percentoftheflakeswereright-oriented,and43percentleft,apatternalmostidenticaltothatproducedtoday.

About90percentofmodernhumansareright-handed:wearetheonlymammalwithapreferentialuseofonehand.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforfinecontrolandmovementislocatedintheleftcerebralhemisphere，andthefindingsabovesuggestthatthehumanbrainwasalreadyasymmetricalinitsstructureandfunctionnotlongafter2millionyearsago.AmongNeanderthalersof70,000-35,000yearsago,MarcellinBoulenotedthattheLaChapelle-aux-Saintsindividualhadalefthemisphereslightlybiggerthantheright，andthesamewasfoundforbrainsofspecimensfromNeanderthal,Gibraltar,andLaQuina.

54.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraphs1and2asevidenceofright-handednessinartandartistsEXCEPT______.

55.TheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletoncanbeidentifiedasright-handedbecause______.

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfracturesandcutmarkscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

57.WhydoestheauthormentiontheIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascaux?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theidealsourceoflightingformostengravings

B.thefactthatalefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightlooklikearighthand

C.theprevalenceofoutlinesoflefthands

D.figuresinprehistoricartholdingobjectswiththerighthand

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.otherNeanderthalskeletonsfoundnearbyarealsoright-handed

B.therightarmboneisstrongerthantheleft

C.itissimilartoskeletonsofLaFerrassieIandNeanderthal

D.therightsideoftheskeletonshowslessevidenceoffractures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fracturesandcutmarkscausedbyright-handedsoldierstendtooccurontherightsideoftheinjuredparty’sbody.

B.Therightarmsustainsmoreinjuriesbecause,asthedominantarm,itisusedmoreactively.

C.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebodyismorevulnerabletoinjurysinceitisnotdefendedeffectivelybythedominantarm.

D.Fracturesandcutmarksonfossilhumansprobablyoccurredafterdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Asanexampleofanitemonwhichthemarksofwearimplythatitwasusedbyaright-handedperson.

B.Becausetressingisanactivitythatiseasierforaright-handedpersonthanforaleft-handedperson.

C.BecausethecaveofLascauxisthesitewhereresearchershavefoundseveralprehistorictoolsmadeforright-handedpeople.

D.Asanexampleofanitemwhoseconstructionshowsthatitwasmadebyaright-handedperson.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“除……外，以下所有內(nèi)容都在第1和第2段中提到，作為藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家中慣用右手的證據(jù)”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.（例如，大多數(shù)雕刻作品的光線最好從左邊照射，因?yàn)檫@很適合右手藝術(shù)家的作品，他們通常喜歡讓光線照在左邊，這樣他們的手的影子就不會落在雕刻工具或刷子的頂端。）可知，A項(xiàng)“是大多數(shù)雕刻品的理想的照明光源”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.（我們不得不做出一種假設(shè)：雙手是手掌朝下被印刷出來的，而手掌朝上印刷出來的左手當(dāng)然看起來像一只右手。在法國加爾加斯洞穴的158張模板中，有136張被確定為左手，只有22張是右手，因此，慣用右手的人占主導(dǎo)地位。）可知，C項(xiàng)“左手輪廓的盛行”是正確的，B項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，用模板繪制的左手掌心向上可能看起來像右手”中的fact（事實(shí)）與原文不符，原文提到的是assumption（假設(shè)），而不是“事實(shí)”。由第二段最后一句InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.（在少數(shù)幾個冰河時期的人物被描繪成拿著東西的例子中，雖然不全是但大多數(shù)都是用右手拿著東西。）可知，D項(xiàng)“史前藝術(shù)中的人物用右手拿著東西”也符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼可以被確定為右撇子，因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.（右撇子的右側(cè)骨骼更長，更強(qiáng)壯，肌肉更發(fā)達(dá)。MarcellinBoule早在1911年提到的一塊名為LaChapelle-aux-Saints的尼安德特人的右上臂骨骼明顯比左上臂強(qiáng)壯。）可知，B項(xiàng)“右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強(qiáng)壯”符合原文。第三段最后一句指出SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.（對其他尼安德特人的骨架的調(diào)查也得到了類似的結(jié)果，例如LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人本身。）可知，名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼與其他尼安德特人、LaFerrassieI以及尼安德特人本身的骨骼都有類似的特點(diǎn)，即右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強(qiáng)壯，并不是說他們的骨骼是相似的，C項(xiàng)“它與LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人的骨骼相似”偷換概念；A項(xiàng)“附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他尼安德特人骨骼也是右撇子”這是在發(fā)現(xiàn)名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼被確定為右撇子之后法身的，A項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“右側(cè)骨骼骨折的證據(jù)較少”，這是證明右撇子的另外一個證據(jù)，而不是證明名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼是右撇子的證據(jù)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列關(guān)于骨折痕和割傷痕的陳述哪一個可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.（斷裂痕與割傷痕也是論據(jù)的另一來源。右撇子勇士一般都是左側(cè)容易受傷。在以色列的內(nèi)蓋夫的戈壁中被埋了2000多年的一個40-50歲之間的Nabatean勇士的骨架，在他的頭部、左臂和肋骨上有多處已愈合的傷痕。），從中可知，習(xí)慣使用右撇子的人左側(cè)受傷會更多，可以推斷這是由于右撇子的人的右側(cè)被占主導(dǎo)地位的右手保護(hù)，所以左側(cè)受傷更多，A項(xiàng)“右撇子士兵造成的骨折和割傷往往發(fā)生在受傷方身體的右側(cè)”和B項(xiàng)“右臂受傷更多，因?yàn)橛冶圩鳛橹饕氖直?，使用更積極”錯誤；C項(xiàng)“對于大多數(shù)人來說，身體的左半邊更容易受傷，因?yàn)樗鼪]有被占主導(dǎo)地位的手臂有效地保護(hù)”符合題意。D項(xiàng)“人類化石上的骨折和割傷很可能是死后造成的”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提到在法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時期的繩子？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Toolsthemselvescanberevealing…ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.（工具本身也會反映這一現(xiàn)象……在法國的Lascaux巖洞藝術(shù)找到的冰川時代末期的繩子是由向右旋轉(zhuǎn)的纖維捆成的，當(dāng)然也就證實(shí)了出自右撇子之手。），由此可以推斷，作者提到法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時期的繩子是為了對第五段第一句提供關(guān)于通過物品判斷右撇子的例證，D項(xiàng)“作為一件由右撇子制造的物品的例子”符合。A項(xiàng)“作為一件物品的例子，它的磨損痕跡表明它是由右撇子使用的”中的“磨損”并不屬于繩子上的。B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇┮路τ移沧觼碚f比左撇子更容易”在該段落并未提及。C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵贚ascaux洞穴，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些為右撇子的人制作的史前工具”并不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Partofthecostofmanyarticlesistakenastaxbythegovernment（

）thecommunity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inplaceof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.onbehalfof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。inplaceof意為“代替”；onaccountof意為“由于”；intermsof意為“依據(jù)，按照”；onbehalfof意為“代表，為了”。

句意：部分物品的費(fèi)用以稅收的形式由政府代表社會征收。

11.單選題

Heisquitesurethatit’s（

）impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutely

B.exclusively

C.fully

D.roughly

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析題。absolutely絕對地，完全地；exclusively唯一地，專有地；fully充分地，徹底地；roughly粗糙地，概略地。

句意：他很確定他絕對不可能在兩天內(nèi)完成這個任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orientation“方向，定向”；B選項(xiàng)voyage“航行”；C選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍，行列”；D選項(xiàng)access“通道，入口”。根據(jù)句意：由于南非大陸的一些地區(qū)仍然覆蓋著茂密的森林，進(jìn)入其中一些地區(qū)仍然很困難。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

13.單選題

Twonewsphotographerswereattackedbythemob,andtheircamerasweresmashed.Itisdisgracefulthattheywereso______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessed

B.deviated

C.despised

D.maltreated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)obsess“使癡迷，使迷戀，使心神不寧”，B項(xiàng)deviate“脫離，越軌”，C項(xiàng)despise“輕視，鄙視”，D項(xiàng)maltreat“虐待，濫用，粗暴對待”。根據(jù)第一句的句意“兩名新聞攝影記者遭到暴徒襲擊，他們的相機(jī)被砸碎了”可知，maltreated符合語境。句意：兩名新聞攝影記者遭到暴徒襲擊，他們的相機(jī)被砸碎了；他們受到如此虐待是可恥的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Takingadvantageofhispopularityintheopinionpolls,thePrimeMinisterhasdecidedtocalla________electionfornextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convincing

B.magnetic

C.snap

D.clean-cut

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“convincing”，意為“令人信服的；有說服力的”；B選項(xiàng)“magnetic”，意為“地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的”；C選項(xiàng)“snap”，意為“突然的”，snapelection是個短語，意為“提前選舉；臨時選舉”；D選項(xiàng)“clean-cut”，意為“（尤指男人）外表整潔的，優(yōu)雅高尚的；輪廓分明的”。句意：首相利用他在民意調(diào)查中的聲望，決定在下個月__提前__舉行選舉。本句表示“首相想趁著自己在民意調(diào)查中富有聲望，于是提前進(jìn)行選舉，來獲取優(yōu)勢地位”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

NewmineralresourcesmaybediscoveredduringtheforthcomingAntarctic（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excursion

B.execution

C.extraction

D.expedition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)excursion“遠(yuǎn)足；短程旅行；游覽”；B選項(xiàng)execution“執(zhí)行；完成；死刑”；C選項(xiàng)extraction“取出；拔出；抽出物”；D選項(xiàng)expedition“探險；探險隊(duì)；考察”。句意：新的礦產(chǎn)資源可能在即將來臨的南極探險期間被發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句中“Antarctic南極的”可知“探險”符合語境，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：無論你到哪里，都能看到這個產(chǎn)品的廣告。當(dāng)不定式用于表示感覺的動詞feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作賓語補(bǔ)足語時,不定式必須省略to。根據(jù)謂語動詞是see，橫線部分是賓語product的賓補(bǔ)，確定省略to；根據(jù)產(chǎn)品和打廣告是被動關(guān)系，確定用被動語態(tài)，D選項(xiàng)advertised符合題意。A選項(xiàng)advertise是動詞原形；B選項(xiàng)advertising是現(xiàn)在分詞形式；C選項(xiàng)tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Weshouldsoonfinddifferenceinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.

1.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman'sintelligenceisgiventohim（

）.

2.Ifachildisbornwithlowintelligence,hecan

（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”meansifwe

（

）.

4.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atbirth

B.througheducation

C.bothatbirthandthrougheducation

D.neitheratbirthnorthrougheducation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.becomeagenius

B.stillbecomeageniusifheisgivenspecialeducation

C.reachhisintellectuallimitsinrichsurroundings

D.notbecomeintelligentinhislife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pickanytwopeople

B.takeouttwodifferentpeople

C.choosetwopeoplewhoarerelatives

D.choosetwopeoplewithdifferentintelligence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceoftheirintelligence

B.theroleofenvironmentonintelligence

C.theimportanceoftheirpositions

D.thepartthatbirthplays

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.surroundings

B.intelligence

C.thedependenceonenvironment

D.theeffectofeducation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth…(在一定程度上，我們的智力水平是先天決定的…),Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings(另一方面，一個生活在單調(diào)乏味環(huán)境中的孩子比一個生活在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中的孩子有更少的智力發(fā)展),由此可知C項(xiàng)“先天條件和后天教育共同決定了一個人的智力水平”符合作者觀點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:成為天才,B:如果接受特殊教育，還是能夠成為天才的,由第一段中的“Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence(在一定程度上,我們的智力水平是先天決定的。沒有什么樣的教育能夠讓一個天生智力水平低下的孩子變成一個天才)”可知A和B錯誤。C:可以在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中達(dá)到其智力的上限,D:在他的一生中都不能變聰明,由第一段中的“Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment(因此，每個人的智力的上限是先天決定的，而后天的環(huán)境決定了一個人能否讓自己的智力達(dá)到上限)”可知C項(xiàng)正確,D錯誤。

3.語義題。第二段中心句為:Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith(很容易證明人的智力水平是天生的),隨后便通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明這一中心句。“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”所在句為:Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent(如果…，那么很有可能這兩個人的智力水平完全不同),由此可知A“任意挑選兩個人”與題干句語義最接近。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干"thetwinsgoingtoauniver