考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raten.比率，率，等級(jí)；B選項(xiàng)proportionn.比例，占比，面積；C選項(xiàng)portionn.部分，份數(shù)；D選項(xiàng)percentagen.百分比，百分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)搭配，proportion...to...表示“（兩者）比例”，因此，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.單選題

Manydoctorsarestillgeneralpractitioners,butthe（

）istowardspecializationinmedicine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rumor

B.prejudice

C.tendency

D.security

【答案】C

【解析】rumor謠言，傳聞；prejudice偏見，侵害；tendency傾向，趨勢(shì)，癖好；security安全，保證。句意：盡管許多醫(yī)生仍然是普通的實(shí)習(xí)生，但在醫(yī)學(xué)上傾向于專門化。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒(méi)有具體證據(jù)可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測(cè)。

2.對(duì)于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過(guò)是對(duì)希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數(shù)時(shí)候，僅僅是因?yàn)闊o(wú)法核實(shí)身份，這些惹是生非的個(gè)體躲在一個(gè)個(gè)假名字后面，保護(hù)自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補(bǔ)充。園林滿足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術(shù)才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

5.更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，也有人認(rèn)為這個(gè)問(wèn)題與樂(lè)觀與悲觀的爭(zhēng)論無(wú)關(guān)，我們必須轉(zhuǎn)變看待和思考問(wèn)題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

4.單選題

Thereusedtobe______bridgenearthevillage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anoldstonefine

B.astoneoldfine

C.afineoldstone

D.anoldfinestone

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞順序。在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)名詞有多個(gè)形容詞修飾時(shí)，就有它們的先后順序。一般規(guī)律是：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠；其中，“限定詞”包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或數(shù)詞，它位于各類形容詞前?！懊枥L”性形容詞如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等?！按箝L(zhǎng)高”表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等一些詞。表示“形狀”的詞如：roundsquare等?！皣?guó)籍”指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的詞。“材料”的詞如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等?！白饔妙悇e”的詞如：medical,college,writingdesk,policecar等。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。句意：過(guò)去，在村莊的附近有一座堅(jiān)固的古石橋。故該題選C。

5.單選題

Inaboutonemonth’stime,studentswillsoonfeeltrulyanddeeply________oftheircollege.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parts

B.apart

C.part

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在大約一個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，學(xué)生們很快就會(huì)真正深刻地感受到自己是學(xué)校的一部分。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)某物是一個(gè)整體的構(gòu)成部分時(shí)，即強(qiáng)調(diào)所屬關(guān)系時(shí)，多用partof。D選項(xiàng)oneof表示“其中之一”，不符合句意。因此答案選C。

6.單選題

Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishing,wealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.

Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasesuchaspoliomeasles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasemaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.

Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiring,vitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachine,ourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencebroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.

Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientistsandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety;however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.

Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycompriseoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe（）.

2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate（）.

3.Nothing，accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience

B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted

C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience

D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificadvances

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped

B.whatsciencemeanstosociety

C.whatthenatureofscienceis

D.howdiseaseaffectssociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.novelty

C.benefits

D.complexity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.people'signoranceoftheirculture

B.people'signoringtheamenitiesofscience

C.people'smakingnocontributionstosociety

D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvances

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.cognizant

C.appreciative

D.paradoxical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出：Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline…(沒(méi)有化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家和其他勤奮的科學(xué)家所取得的巨大進(jìn)步，我們的生活水平就會(huì)下降)，由此推斷C項(xiàng)“有了科學(xué)，我們的生活水平才得以提高”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第二段開頭指出：Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances(醫(yī)療保健是社會(huì)的一個(gè)方面，它將我們與古老的祖先區(qū)分開來(lái)，它完全建立在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)上)，后面又以疫苗為例，其實(shí)是為了論證本文主題：科學(xué)對(duì)社會(huì)的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出：此外，科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)明出也許是世界歷史上最令人敬畏、最重要的發(fā)明——計(jì)算機(jī)。沒(méi)有這臺(tái)機(jī)器，世界的確可以存著，但是計(jì)算機(jī)給生活帶來(lái)的便利是無(wú)與倫比的。因此C項(xiàng)“益處，用處”正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段開頭指出：盡管如今的創(chuàng)新者和科學(xué)家奉獻(xiàn)了他們的偉大成就和成果，但我們有必要審查（重視）科學(xué)帶來(lái)的便利，這在我們的文化中往往是被公然漠視的。后面作者又舉例說(shuō)明是科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了燈泡、電、電話等必需品。因此，B項(xiàng)“人們忽視了科學(xué)帶來(lái)的便利”正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通篇都在強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)對(duì)我們的意義和重要性，通過(guò)“scienceistheessenceofourexistence”以及“Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing”等字眼可以看出，作者的語(yǔ)氣是感激的，欣賞的。故選C。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

7.填空題

Threebroadcategoriesofterroristcrimemaybedistinguished,notinlegalterms,butwithintention.

Foremostistheuseofviolenceandthethreatofviolencetocreatepublicfear.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cwithintention改為byintention

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

【解題思路】根據(jù)bedistinguished，可知此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，byintention指的是通過(guò)意圖來(lái)區(qū)分。

【句意】恐怖主義犯罪的三大類可以通過(guò)意圖而不是法律術(shù)語(yǔ)加以區(qū)分。其中最重要的是使用暴力和暴力威脅來(lái)制造公眾恐懼。

8.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisababysitter.

B.Heisanoncologist.

C.Heisapediatrician.

D.Heisanobstetrician.

【答案】D

【解析】12.M:Now,wouldyoupleaseliedownonthecouch?I’lltakealookatthebaby.I’lljustmeasuretoseewhatheightitis.Thebabyseemsslightlysmall.

W:Howdoyouknowthat?

M:Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.

Q:Whatdoesthemando?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男人是做什么的？由文中“Imeasurefromthetopofyourwombtoyourpubicbone.Thenumberofcentimetersisroughlyequaltothenumberofweeksyou’repregnant.（我測(cè)量了一下你子宮頂端到恥骨的長(zhǎng)度。這個(gè)長(zhǎng)度大致和你懷孕周數(shù)一致）”，可知這個(gè)男人是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生，所以D選項(xiàng)“Heisanobstetrician.（他是產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“他是個(gè)保姆”；B選項(xiàng)“他是個(gè)腫瘤醫(yī)師”；C選項(xiàng)“他是個(gè)兒科醫(yī)生”不符合原文。

9.單選題

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻譯為：盡管提出了重要的問(wèn)題，但是Eisenstein的文章沒(méi)有提供確切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受這些問(wèn)題提供的挑戰(zhàn)?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠦項(xiàng)“評(píng)估了研究女人的一種方法”正確。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意為：Eisenstein認(rèn)為世紀(jì)之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒絕她所謂的占主導(dǎo)地位的“家庭生活意識(shí)形態(tài)”，相反，她們接受這種意識(shí)形態(tài)和其他可用的意識(shí)形態(tài)，如女權(quán)主義、社會(huì)主義和工會(huì)主義，并且根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)歷和需要來(lái)修改或改編這些意識(shí)形態(tài)。D選項(xiàng)“她們接受了一些，而不是占主導(dǎo)地位的意識(shí)形態(tài)的所有方面”正確，符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻譯為：Eisenstein認(rèn)為世紀(jì)之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒絕她所謂的占主導(dǎo)地位的“家庭生活意識(shí)形態(tài)”，相反，她們接受這種意識(shí)形態(tài)和其他可用的意識(shí)形態(tài)，如女權(quán)主義、社會(huì)主義和工會(huì)主義，并且根據(jù)她們自己的經(jīng)歷和需要來(lái)修改或改編這些意識(shí)形態(tài)，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻譯為：在一定程度上，Eisenstein質(zhì)疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有爭(zhēng)議的提議，判斷C選項(xiàng)“提出一種理論，引出一種互斥的觀點(diǎn)，然后總結(jié)第一個(gè)理論背后的推理”，正確。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“討厭的；惱人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；曖昧的；無(wú)把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?；有條理的”。題干關(guān)鍵詞“tantalizing”意為：誘人的。故選A。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻譯為：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承認(rèn)遠(yuǎn)非代表人物的改革者和勞工組織的發(fā)言和作品來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)湫偷呐怨ぷ髡叩穆曇?。因此B選項(xiàng)“分析世紀(jì)之交的典型女性工薪階層所寫的信和日記”符合題意。

10.問(wèn)答題

Hurricanes,housefires,cancer,white-waterraftingaccidents,planecrashes,viciousattacksindarkarchways.Nobodyasksforanyofit.Buttotheirsurprise,manypeoplefindthatenduringsuchanordealultimatelychangesthemforthebetter.Theiropinionmightbesomethinglikethis:“Iwishithadn’thappened,butI’mabetterpersonforit.”

Welovetohearthestoriesofpeoplewhohavebeentransformedbytheirtribulations,perhapsbecausetheytestify（1）apsychologicaltruth,onethatsometimesgetslostamidendlessreportsofdisaster;thereisabuilt—inhumancapacitytoflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances.Positivereactionstoprofoundlydisturbingexperiencesarenotlimitedtothetoughestorthebravest.Infact,roughlyhalfofthepeoplewhostrugglewithadversitysaythattheirliveshaveinsomewaysimproved.

InadarkroominQueens,NewYork,31-year-oldfashiondesignerTracyCyrbelievedshewasdying.Afewmonthsbefore,shehadstoppedtakingthepowerfulimmune-suppressingdrugsthatkeptherarthritis

（2）

check.Sheneveranticipatedwhatwouldhappen:awithdrawalreactionthateventuallyleftherintotalbodyagonyandneurologicalmeltdown.Theslightestmovement-tryingtoswallow,forexample-wasexcruciating.Eventhepressureofhercheckonthepillowwasalmostunbearable.

Cyrisnowimp-diagnosedwithjuvenilerheumatoidarthritisattheageoftwo,she’denduredthesymptomsandthetreatments(drugs,surgery)herwholelife.Butthistime,shewaswaypastherlimits,andnothingherdoctorsdidseemedtohelp.Eitherthediseasewasgoingtokillheror,prettysoon,she’dhavetokillherself.

Ashersleeplessnightsworeon,though,hersuicidalthoughtsbegantobeinterruptedbynewfeelingsofgratitude.Shewasstillinagony,butanewconsciousnessgrewstrongereachnight:anawesomesenseofliberation,combinedwithanall-encompassingfeelingofsympathyandcompassion.“Ifeltstripped（3）everythingI’deveridentifiedmyselfwith,”shesaidsixmonthslater.“EverythingIthoughtI’dknownorbelievedinwasuseless-time,money,self-image,perceptionthatwassoforcing.”

Withinafewmonths,shebegantobeabletomovemorefreely,thankstoacocktailofsteroidsandotherdrugs.Butasherphysicalstrengthcameback,shedidnotreturntoheroldwayofbeingasafeisty,demanding“sex-in-the-City,three-inch-stilettos-and-fishnets”girl.Nowquieterandmoretolerant,shemakesapointofbeingsubmissiveinatum-the-othercheekkindofway.Cyrstilltakesapharmacopoeiaofdrugseveryday,butshesaysthere’snoquestionthatherlifeisbetternow.“IfeltIhadbeenshownthesecretoflifeandwhywe’rehere,tobehappyandtonurtureotherlife.It’sthatsimple.”

Hermind-blowingexperiencecameasatotalsurprise.Butthatfeelingoftransformationisinsomewaystypical,saysRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinainCharlottewhocoinedtheterm“post-traumaticgrowth”，Hisstudiesofpeoplewhohaveenduredextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillnessshowthatmostfeeldazedandanxiousintheimmediateaftermath.Theyarepreoccupiedwiththeideathattheirliveshavebeenshattered.Afewpeoplearehauntedlongafterwardbymemoryproblems,sleeptroubleandsimilarsymptomsofpost-traumaticstressdisorder.ButTedeschiandothershavefoundthatformanypeople—perhapseventhemajoritylifeultimatelybecomesricherandmoregratifying.

Somethingsimilarhappenstomanypeoplewhoexperienceaterrifyingphysicalthreat.Inthatmoment,oursenseofinvulnerabilityispierced,andtheself-protectivementalarmorthatnormallystandsbetweenusandourperceptionsoftheworldistomaway.Oureverydaylifescriptsourhabits,self-perceptionsandassumptions-gooutthewindow,andwe’releftwitharawexperienceoftheworld.

Still,actuallyimplementingthesechanges,aswellasfullycomingtoterms（4）thenewreality,usuallytakesconsciouseffort.Beingwillingandabletotakeonthisprocessisoneofthemajordifferencesbetweenthosewhogrowthroughadversityandthosewhoaredestroyedbyit.

Eventually,theymayfindthemselvesfreedinwaystheyneverimagined.Survivorsoftensaytheybecomemoretolerantandforgiving

（5）others,capableofbringingpeacetoformerlytroubledrelationships.Theysaythatmaterialambitionssuddenlyseemedsillyandthepleasuresoffriendsandfamilybecameparamount-andthatthecrisisallowedthemtoreorganizelifeinlinewiththenewpriorities.

Peoplewhohavegrown（6）adversityoftenfeelmuchlessfear,despitethefrighteningthingsthey’vebeenthrough.Theyaresurprisedbytheirownstrength,confidentthattheycanhandlewhateverelselifethrowsatthem.“Peopledon’tsaythatwhattheywentthroughwaswonderful,nsaysTedeschi.“Theyweren’tmeaningtogrowfromit.Theywerejusttryingtosurvive.Butinretrospect,whattheygainedwasmorethantheyevenanticipated.”

InhisrecentbookSatisfaction,EmoryUniversitypsychiatristGregoryBenspointstoextremeenduranceathleteswhopushthemselvestotheirphysicallimitsfordaysatatime.Theycyclethroughthesamesequenceofsensationsasdotraumasurvivors;self-loss,confusionand,finally,anewsenseofmastery.Forultramarathoners,whoregularlyrun100-mileracesthatlastmorethan24hours,vomitingandhallucinatingarenormal.Afteradayandnightofrunningwithoutstoppingorsleeping,competitorssometimesforgetwhotheyareandwhatthey’redoing.

Butthefeelingofmasteringextraordinarydifficultymakesupforit,reportsHonolulubusinessmanRandyHavre.Havre,51,foundthisfeelingnearthesummitofMaunaKeanearly10yearsago.Hewasnearingtheendofa44-mileracethattookhimfromsealeveltothetopofthevolcano-averticalascentof13,766feet.Hewasonhiswaytosettingtheunofficialworldrecordfortheclimb,butthehighelevationwasstartingtoget

（

7）

him.

“Whenyougettoabout10,000feet,thingstendtogetalittleweirdbecauseoftheswellingandpressureonyourbrain,”hesays.“Abovethat,itgetsexponentiallyweirder.Irememberbustingoutcryingat12,000feet.Butifyoucanfinishthesethings,youknow;Hey,Icangetthroughthisstuff.Youwereabletohang

（8）

there,andyou’restrongerforthat.”

Theemotionalrewardcancompensateforthepainanddifficultyofadversity.Thisperspectivedoesnotcancel

（9）

whathappened,butitputsitallinadifferentcontext:thatit’spossibletoliveanextraordinarilyrewardinglifeevenwithintheconstraintsandstrugglesweface.Insomeformorother,saysKing,weallmustgo

（10）

thisrealization.“You’renotgoingtobethepersonyouthoughtyouwere,buthere’swhoyouaregoingtobeinstead-andthatturnsouttobeaprettygreatlife.”

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

tribulations(inparagraph2)

adversity(inparagraph2)

withdrawal(inparagraph3)

excruciating(inparagraph3)

wimp(inparagraph4)

aftermath(inparagraph7)

gratifying(inparagraph7)

paramount(inparagraph10)

hallucinating(inparagraph12)

exponentially(inparagraph14)

AccordingtoRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityNorthCarolinainCharlotte,thereisaphenomenoncalled“post-traumagrowth”.Whatdoesitmean?

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。testifyto意為“證明，證實(shí)”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。arthritis意為“關(guān)節(jié)炎”，由前面句子的內(nèi)容可知，幾個(gè)月之前，她已停止服用強(qiáng)效的免疫抑制藥物，that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，是對(duì)drugs進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，故可推測(cè)此處是用藥物進(jìn)行控制關(guān)節(jié)炎。incheck意為“在控制中”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。stripof意為“剝奪”。

試題答案：of

4.考查介詞搭配。由后面句子的內(nèi)容可知，愿意并能夠承擔(dān)這一過(guò)程是那些在逆境中成長(zhǎng)的人和被逆境摧毀的人之間的主要區(qū)別之一，故此處表示接受這個(gè)新的事實(shí)。termwith意為“接受”。

試題答案：with

5.考查介詞搭配。此處表示對(duì)別人更加容忍和寬容。of意為“(表示對(duì)象)對(duì)于……”。

試題答案：of

6.考查介詞搭配。adversity意為“逆境”，此處表示從困境中成長(zhǎng)，from意為“從……中”。

試題答案：from

7.考查介詞搭配。getto意為“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”。

試題答案：to

8.考查介詞搭配。由前后句子內(nèi)容可知，如果完成這些事，你將會(huì)挺過(guò)去，變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，故此處表示堅(jiān)持，hangin意為“不泄氣，堅(jiān)持下去”。

試題答案：in

9.考查介詞搭配。由后面句子的內(nèi)容“但它可以把這些苦難全部放在另一個(gè)背景中看待”，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)前面句子內(nèi)容“情感上的回報(bào)可以彌補(bǔ)逆境帶來(lái)的痛苦和苦難”，故此處表示精神上的收獲不能抵消所發(fā)生的痛苦，cancelout“抵消”。

試題答案：out

10.考查介詞搭配。gothrough意為“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受”，此處表示我們必須經(jīng)歷這個(gè)認(rèn)知。

試題答案：through

1.試題答案：苦難

2.試題答案：逆境，困境

3.試題答案：撤藥，撤退

4.試題答案：極痛苦的

5.試題答案：懦弱的人，無(wú)用的人

6.試題答案：后果

7.試題答案：可喜的

8.試題答案：最高的，至上的

9.試題答案：令人滿意的，令人欣慰的

10.試題答案：以指數(shù)方式

Itmeansaperson’slifebecomesricherandmoregratifyingafterenduringextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillness.

11.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘盡管工人們擔(dān)心自動(dòng)化的影響，但他們從不懷疑……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.勞工基本上的觀點(diǎn)是抵抗技術(shù)變革是徒然的”確定D選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化是一種不能被阻止的趨勢(shì)”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一種方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生產(chǎn)力的基礎(chǔ)上增加工資。”確定B選項(xiàng)“工人應(yīng)該共享生產(chǎn)增加和成本降低的福利”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘為了獲得自動(dòng)化的全部好處，勞動(dòng)力將主要依靠……？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，勞動(dòng)力有可能主要依靠減少工作時(shí)間來(lái)充分分享自動(dòng)化的成果?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“更短的工作時(shí)間和更多的休閑吋間”正確。

4.主旨大意題。全文主要是講“自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展對(duì)勞工在工作與就業(yè)等方而帶來(lái)的影響”，所以B選項(xiàng)“勞工與自動(dòng)化的影響”正確。文章并沒(méi)有對(duì)自動(dòng)化的劣勢(shì)展開討論，所以A選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)”錯(cuò)誤，C選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)福利計(jì)劃和自動(dòng)化”和D選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化的社會(huì)效益”只是文中提及的一部分內(nèi)容，排除。

12.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem’soddestplanet.Yesterday，however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPlu