考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北理工大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意為“可選擇的，隨意的”。notcompulsory非強(qiáng)制的，選項(xiàng)D與原句所表達(dá)的意思相符。

2.單選題

Whatworriedthechildmostwas（）tovisithismotherinthehospital.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hisnotallowing

B.hisnotbeingallowed

C.hisbeingnotallowed

D.havingnotbeenallowed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最擔(dān)心的是:不允許小孩去看望醫(yī)院的媽媽。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)名詞的否定。was是系動(dòng)詞，故后面需要用名詞性的詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞的否定形式為:not+動(dòng)名詞。因此排除C和D。由于allow與邏輯主語(yǔ)child形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。因此選B項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就臉紅。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…時(shí),一提起。

4.單選題

Look,（）inhisusualT-shirt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heredoesHenrycome

B.herecomesHenry

C.hereHenrycomes

D.comeshereHenry

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間和方向的副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子使用完全倒裝，句意：看！羅賓來(lái)了，穿著往常的T恤衫。所以本題B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.問(wèn)答題

ThiscompetitionisgoodfortheoveralldevelopmentofChina’slong-monopolizingbanking

A

industryandisexpectedtointensifybytheendoftheyearorearlynextyearasmoreprivate

B

C

D

banksareestablished.

【答案】試題答案：A;monopolized

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。bankingindustry與monopolize的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)的，故用其過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)修飾。

6.單選題

Herremarks（）acompletedisregardforhumanrights.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnified

B.maintained

C.manipulated

D.manifested

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)magnified“擴(kuò)大，放大”；B選項(xiàng)maintained“保持，供養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)manipulated“操縱，控制”；D選項(xiàng)manifested“表明，顯示”，句意：她的評(píng)論表明了對(duì)人權(quán)的完全漠視，所以只有D選項(xiàng)符合。

7.單選題

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowofboilingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)negative“負(fù)的；消極的；否定的；陰性的”；B選項(xiàng)negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；C選項(xiàng)neglected“被忽視的；無(wú)人照管的”；D選項(xiàng)negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名護(hù)工將沸騰的開(kāi)水倒入浴缸，導(dǎo)致一名病人死亡，測(cè)試的是他是否嚴(yán)重疏忽。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服從，聽(tīng)從；conform遵守，使一致，順從；concede承認(rèn)，退讓；observe觀察，注意到，評(píng)論。句意：所有個(gè)人都必須遵守政府制定的法律。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Whileitsuniqueeatinghabitsmakethemountaingorillaafascinatingsubjectforobservations,itssmallpopulationanditsshynessserveto______manypotentialstudies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspire

B.fortify

C.release

D.hinder

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspire“賦予靈感；鼓舞；激起”；B選項(xiàng)fortify“（在物質(zhì)或精神上）加強(qiáng)”；C選項(xiàng)release“（情感）發(fā)泄；放松”；D選項(xiàng)hinder“阻礙”。句意：雖然山地大猩猩獨(dú)特的飲食習(xí)慣吸引許多人的觀察，但它數(shù)量少和害羞的特點(diǎn)______許多研究的可能性。橫線處和studies構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，While表示轉(zhuǎn)折，大猩猩數(shù)量少且害羞，即使很多人想研究大猩猩也不能順利地進(jìn)行研究，會(huì)遇到一些困難，D選項(xiàng)hinder“阻礙”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Someresearchworkerscompletely（）allthosefactsasthoughtheyneverexisted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignore

B.leave

C.refuse

D.miss

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignore“忽略”；B選項(xiàng)leave“離開(kāi)”；C選項(xiàng)refuse“拒絕”；D選項(xiàng)miss“錯(cuò)過(guò)”。句意：有些研究人員完全忽略了所有的這些事實(shí)，就好像它們根本不存在一樣。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

Noonereallyknowswhocomposedthispieceofmusic,butithadbeen（）toBach.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.associated

B.identified

C.attributed

D.considered

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。associate通常與with搭配,意為"交往,結(jié)合";identifyto"認(rèn)出,識(shí)別";attributeto"歸屬,把……歸于",consider不與to搭配。句意：沒(méi)人知道是誰(shuí)譜寫了這首曲子,但它是巴赫的作品。選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishing,wealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.

Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasesuchaspoliomeasles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasemaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.

Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiring,vitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachine,ourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencebroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.

Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientistsandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety;however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.

Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycompriseoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.

1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe（）.

2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate（）.

3.Nothing，accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience

B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted

C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience

D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificadvances

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped

B.whatsciencemeanstosociety

C.whatthenatureofscienceis

D.howdiseaseaffectssociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.power

B.novelty

C.benefits

D.complexity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.people'signoranceoftheirculture

B.people'signoringtheamenitiesofscience

C.people'smakingnocontributionstosociety

D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvances

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.cognizant

C.appreciative

D.paradoxical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出：Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline…(沒(méi)有化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家和其他勤奮的科學(xué)家所取得的巨大進(jìn)步，我們的生活水平就會(huì)下降)，由此推斷C項(xiàng)“有了科學(xué)，我們的生活水平才得以提高”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。第二段開(kāi)頭指出：Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances(醫(yī)療保健是社會(huì)的一個(gè)方面，它將我們與古老的祖先區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)，它完全建立在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)上)，后面又以疫苗為例，其實(shí)是為了論證本文主題：科學(xué)對(duì)社會(huì)的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出：此外，科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)明出也許是世界歷史上最令人敬畏、最重要的發(fā)明——計(jì)算機(jī)。沒(méi)有這臺(tái)機(jī)器，世界的確可以存著，但是計(jì)算機(jī)給生活帶來(lái)的便利是無(wú)與倫比的。因此C項(xiàng)“益處，用處”正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段開(kāi)頭指出：盡管如今的創(chuàng)新者和科學(xué)家奉獻(xiàn)了他們的偉大成就和成果，但我們有必要審查（重視）科學(xué)帶來(lái)的便利，這在我們的文化中往往是被公然漠視的。后面作者又舉例說(shuō)明是科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了燈泡、電、電話等必需品。因此，B項(xiàng)“人們忽視了科學(xué)帶來(lái)的便利”正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通篇都在強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)對(duì)我們的意義和重要性，通過(guò)“scienceistheessenceofourexistence”以及“Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing”等字眼可以看出，作者的語(yǔ)氣是感激的，欣賞的。故選C。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

13.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對(duì)（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是對(duì)他做過(guò)的事的態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

WhatwetodaycallAmericanfolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everyday“folks”who,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics—whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans—havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.

TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.WithinafewdecadesafterthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencein1776,thepopulationwaspushingwestward,andportraitpainterscouldbefoundatworkinwesternNewYork,Ohio,Kentucky,Illinois,andMissouri.Midwaythroughitsfirstcenturyasanation,theUnitedStates’populationhadincreasedroughlyfivetimes,andelevennewstateshadbeenaddedtotheoriginalthirteen.Duringtheseyearsthedemandforportraitsgrewandgrew,eventuallytobesatisfiedbythecamera.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.

Butintheheydayofportraitpainting—fromthelateeighteenthcenturyuntilthe1850’s—anyonewithamodicumofartisticabilitycouldbecomealimner,assuchaportraitistwascalled.Localcraftspeople一sign,coach,andhousepainters一begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.

1.InLines3-5theauthormentionsseventeenth-centuryDutchburghersasanexampleofagroupthat（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage，whereweremanyofthefirstAmericanfolkartportraitspainted?（

）

3.Theword“this”inLine8refersto（

）

4.Thephrase“usheringin”inLine14isclosestinmeaningto（

）

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontributedtoadeclineinthedemandforpaintportraits?（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consistedmainlyofself-taughtartists.

B.appreciatedportraits.

C.influencedAmericanfolkart.

D.hadlittletimeforthearts.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.InwesternNewYork.

B.InIllinoisandMissouri.

C.InConnecticutandMassachusetts.

D.InOhio.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.astrongcrafttradition.

B.Americanfolkart.

C.NewEngland.

D.westernNewYork.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.beginning.

B.demanding.

C.publishing.

D.increasing.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thelackofastrongcrafttradition.

B.Thewestwardmigrationofmanypainters.

C.Thegrowingpreferenceforlandscapepaintings.

D.Theinventionofthecamera.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文意，主要是以荷蘭人為例表達(dá)了公民對(duì)肖像畫(huà)像的偏愛(ài)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEngland—especiallyConnecticutandMassachusetts”第一句就提到最早畫(huà)像是來(lái)自新英格蘭地區(qū)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.考查代詞。前一句提到了最早的民間藝術(shù)肖像來(lái)自新英格蘭地區(qū)，所以后文的this指代這個(gè)地區(qū)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文意，人們對(duì)肖像的需求越來(lái)越多，最終可以被相機(jī)所滿足，所以開(kāi)啟了攝像時(shí)代的到來(lái)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.”不到一代人，攝影技術(shù)就結(jié)束了繪畫(huà)肖像的流行。所以是照相機(jī)的發(fā)明終結(jié)了肖像藝術(shù)的流行，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Thispaintingperfectly（）theimpressionisticstyle,whichwassopopularatthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.examines

B.exemplifies

C.extracts

D.exempts

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！癳xamine檢查，調(diào)查”；exemplify“例證，例示”；extract“提取，摘錄”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：這幅畫(huà)完美地例證了在那個(gè)時(shí)期非常流行的印象派風(fēng)格。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

16.單選題

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis（）problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙醫(yī)，所以這應(yīng)該有助于解決她的假牙問(wèn)題。should表示有較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的推測(cè)，且根據(jù)句意可知，這里時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluctuation

B.crisis

C.diminution

D.partition

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.fluctuation起伏，波動(dòng)B.crisis危機(jī)，危險(xiǎn)期

C.diminution減少，降低，縮小D.partition劃分，分隔，分開(kāi)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】oscillation在句中的意思是“波動(dòng)，浮動(dòng)”，A選項(xiàng)與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因此，如果這個(gè)過(guò)程發(fā)生了，大氣中二氧化碳的含量可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)期波動(dòng)。

18.單選題

Somepeoplefindthatcertainfoods（

）theirheadaches.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.introduce

B.trigger

C.summon

D.create

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。introduce“介紹”；trigger“引發(fā)，引起”；summon“召喚”；create“創(chuàng)造”。句意：有些人發(fā)現(xiàn)某些食物會(huì)引發(fā)頭痛。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.單選題

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個(gè)國(guó)家的企業(yè)在海外設(shè)廠越多，該國(guó)的出口記錄就會(huì)越小。locate為及物動(dòng)詞，符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)都和位置沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

20.單選題

Inmostpeople'smind,growthisassociatedwithprosperity.WejudgehowwelltheeconomyisdoingbythesizeoftheGrossNationalProduct(GNP),ameasure,supposedly,ofgrowth.Equallyaxiomatic,however,isthenotionthatincreasedpressureondwindlingnaturalresourcesmustinevitablyleadtoadeclineinprosperity,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation.So,whichiscorrect:growthmeansprosperityandnogrowthmeansadversity,orgrowthmeansadversityandnogrowthmeans…what?

Whatgrowthadvocatesmean,primarily,whentheysaygrowthisnecessaryforprosperityisthatgrowthisnecessaryforthesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystem.InonearenatheargumentinfavorofgrowthisparticularlycompellingandthatiswithregardtotheThirdWorld.Toargueagainstgrowth,otherthanpopulationgrowth,inlightofThirdWorldpovertyanddegradationseemscallous,ifnotcruel,thepompouspostulatingofthecomfortableandthesecure.Butisit?Coulditbethatgrowth,especiallythegrowthofthewealthiercountries,hascontributedtotheimpoverishment,nottheadvancementsofThirdWorldcountries?Ifnot,howdoweaccounttorthedesperatestraitsthesecountriesfindthemselvesintodayafteracenturyofdedicationtogrowth?

ToseehowthismightbethecasewemustlookattheimpactofgrowthonThirdWorldcountries-thereality,nottheabstractstages-of-economic-growthnostrumpropoundedthroughrose-coloredglassesbyacademiciansofthedevelopedworld.WhatgoodisgrowthtothepeopleoftheThirdWorldifitmeanstheconversionofpeasantfarmsintomechanizedagri-businessesproducingcommoditiesnotforlocalconsumptionbutforexport,ifitmeansthestrippingoftheirlandofitsmineralandarborealtreasurestothebenefitofforeigninvestorsandahandfuloftheirlocalcollaborators,ifitmeanstheassumptionofacrushingforeignindebtedness,theproceedsofwhichgoesnotintothedevelopmentofthecountrybutintothepurchaseofluxurycars,thepaddingofSwissbankaccounts,andthebuyingofcondominiumsinMiami?

Admittedly,thisisanoversimplification,whichappliestonocountryinitsentiretyandtosomecountriesnotatall.Butthepoint,Ibelieve,remainsvalid:thatgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriescannotsimplybejudgedintheabstract;itmustbejudgedbasedonthetruenatureofgrowthinthesesocieties,onwhobenefitsandwhoisharmedonwheregrowthisleadingthesepeopleandwhereithasleftthem.Whenconsideredinthisway,itjustmightbethatinthepresentcontextgrowthismoredetrimentaltothewell-beingofthewretchedoftheearththanbeneficial.

So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer.Butthatisatestnoteasilyundertaken.Moderneconomiesareincrediblycomplexphenomena,atributetoman'sabilitytoorganizeandachallengetohisabilitytounderstanding.Anythingthataffectstheirfunctioning,suchasapolicyofzerogrowth,shouldnotbeproposedwithoutawaryprudenceandaself-doubtinghumility.Butiftheprospectofleapingintotheeconomicunknownisfear-inspiring,equallysoistheprospectoflettingthatfearpreventusfromactingwhenthefailuretoactcouldmeanuntoldmiseryforfuturegenerationsandperhapsenvironmentalcatastropheswhichthreatenourveryexistence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

2.ItisimpliedinParagraphs2and3that（）.

3.WithregardtotheeconomicdevelopmentinThirdWorldcountriestheauthorisactuallysayingthat（）.

4.Theauthorseemstobelievethatprosperity（）.

5.Theansweroftheauthortothequestion"Doweneedgrowthforprosperity"is（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrossNationalProductisasafemeasureforeconomicgrowth.

B.Diminishingnaturalresourceswillproveharmfultothewell-beingofhumanity.

C.Adeclineinprosperitywillinevitablyleadtoagrowthinpopulation.

D.Growthinpopulationwillbeachiefthreattoeconomicprosperity.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesmoothfunctioningoftheeconomicsystemisdependentonsustainedprosperity

B.economicgrowthhasnotcontributedtothepovertyoftheThirdWorldcountries

C.growthinrichercountriesisachievedattheexpenseoftheThirdWorldcountries

D.thestagesofeconomicgrowthcannotbesupersededormodifiedbysocialmechanisms

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepeopleinthesecountrieshavenotactuallybenefitedfromit

B.inadequateinvestmenthasseriouslyaffectedthedevelopment

C.deepdebtvirtuallymakesfurthergrowthinthesecountriesimpossible

D.agricultureinthesecountriesshouldhavebeenleftintact

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbeachievedwithouteconomicgrowth

B.canonlybeachievedwitheconomicgrowth

C.isatributetoman'sabilityandcreativity

D.isfragileinfaceofenvironmentalcatastrophes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.positive

C.vague

D.inconclusive

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)文章第一段第三句"Equallyaxiomatic,...,especiallywhenaccompaniedbyagrowthinpopulation."同樣不言自明的是,對(duì)日益減少的自然資源施加越來(lái)越大的壓力必然導(dǎo)致繁榮的衰落,特別是在伴隨人口增長(zhǎng)的情況下。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)原文二三段的內(nèi)容可知,作者在第二段提出問(wèn)題：富裕國(guó)家的增長(zhǎng)是否導(dǎo)致了第三世界國(guó)家的貧困,而不是進(jìn)步？如果不是這樣的話,那么又怎么解釋這些國(guó)家為什么在致力于增長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)世紀(jì)之后,今天仍處于絕望而不可自拔的境地呢？作者在第三段給出了答案,這種增長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有給這些國(guó)家的人們帶來(lái)好處,而是讓外國(guó)投資者及少數(shù)本地合作者獲益。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知：經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)第三世界國(guó)家的人們并無(wú)好處,因?yàn)樗麄兊霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品是為了出口,礦產(chǎn)和其他資源被剝奪,而他們卻要背負(fù)沉重的外債,這只會(huì)讓國(guó)外投資者和少數(shù)本地人獲益。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的一二句"So,doweneedgrowthforprosperity?Onlytheadoptionofzerogrowthcanprovidetheanswer."我們需要增長(zhǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮嗎?采用零增長(zhǎng)也可以保持社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,作者對(duì)增長(zhǎng)持否定的態(tài)度,因?yàn)樵鲩L(zhǎng)給第三世界國(guó)家以及環(huán)境帶來(lái)了種種危害,所以本題選A。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

21.單選題

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.

B.Socialworkasaprofession.

C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.

D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.

B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.

C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.

D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.

B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.

C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.

D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.

B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.

C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.

D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Hi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.

Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.

19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者主要談?wù)摰氖鞘裁矗夸浺糸_(kāi)頭就提及：今天我們將討論如何成為一名社會(huì)工作者。社會(huì)工作是助人的職業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)“作為一種職業(yè)的社會(huì)工作”與原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作的歷史”在錄音中并沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作申請(qǐng)人所需的學(xué)歷”和D選項(xiàng)“全國(guó)社會(huì)工作者協(xié)會(huì)的目標(biāo)”，雖然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是談話人主要談?wù)摰脑掝}，因此均可排除。

20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)社工主要是做什么？說(shuō)話者在介紹完主題之后，立馬講到：社工的主要任務(wù)是增進(jìn)人類福祉，幫助滿足所有人的基本需求，特別關(guān)注弱勢(shì)群體以及受壓迫和生活貧困的人。D選項(xiàng)“他們幫助提高弱勢(shì)群體的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)噲D改變?nèi)藗兊纳鐣?huì)行為”；B選項(xiàng)“他們提高人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)”和C選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)槭I(yè)者創(chuàng)造很多機(jī)會(huì)”都不是他們主要做的事情，因此排除。

21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)說(shuō)話者，專業(yè)社會(huì)工作者有什么共同點(diǎn)？錄音提到全國(guó)有60多萬(wàn)的專業(yè)社會(huì)工作者，他們都有社會(huì)工作的學(xué)士學(xué)位、碩士學(xué)位或者博士學(xué)位。也就是說(shuō)，專業(yè)社會(huì)工作者的共同點(diǎn)是都有社會(huì)工作的學(xué)位，因此C選項(xiàng)“他們都有社會(huì)工作學(xué)位”正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)工作他們已大不相同”和D選項(xiàng)“他們都接受過(guò)嚴(yán)格的臨床培訓(xùn)”是利用錄音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)“他們都是國(guó)家協(xié)會(huì)的成員”在錄音中并未提及，因此排除。

22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)MelWilson將在這個(gè)系列中談?wù)撌裁?？錄音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson將會(huì)講述在拿到社會(huì)工作的學(xué)位之后的擇業(yè)范圍，以及社會(huì)工作者必須堅(jiān)守的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的責(zé)任。A選項(xiàng)“社工的工作選擇和責(zé)任”是對(duì)錄音原文的概括，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作者滿足人們需要的方式”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)社會(huì)工作者而言培訓(xùn)的重要性”以及D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)工作者社會(huì)地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要討論的內(nèi)容，因此排除。

22.單選題

Themagicianpicked（）severalfromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.atrandom

D.onaverage

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。byaccident“偶然，意外地”；onoccasion“有時(shí)，偶爾”；atrandom“隨便地，隨機(jī)地，任意地”；onaverage“平均，普通”。魔術(shù)師應(yīng)該是隨機(jī)地挑選幾位觀眾來(lái)幫助他完成表演。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

23.翻譯題

許多國(guó)際體育比賽的業(yè)余組織者經(jīng)常抱怨說(shuō)，體育道德已不復(fù)存在了。他們把體育方面出現(xiàn)的向題全部歸咎于日益增長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)化。他們震驚地看到，現(xiàn)在有些運(yùn)動(dòng)員把賽跑當(dāng)工作，參加賽跑就要得到報(bào)酬。他們宣稱，當(dāng)現(xiàn)代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)興起時(shí)，運(yùn)動(dòng)員覺(jué)得參加比賽本身就是一種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，別無(wú)他求了。

事實(shí)上如此崇高的理想向來(lái)只是一種愿望而已，同現(xiàn)實(shí)從來(lái)就沒(méi)有多少關(guān)系。1900年和1904年的兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)就和商業(yè)有著密切的關(guān)系，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)就是為國(guó)際貿(mào)易會(huì)招徠顧客而舉辦那兩次奧運(yùn)會(huì)的。這些比賽組織者們有時(shí)忽視的一點(diǎn)是，任何想成為奧運(yùn)冠軍的人必須犧牲業(yè)余吋間，可能還得中斷學(xué)業(yè)，動(dòng)員們想得到一些實(shí)惠的獎(jiǎng)賞，也就不足為奇了。

【答案】Manyamateurorganizersofinternationalsportingeventsoftencomplainthatsportsmanshipnolongerexists.Theyblamedthegrowingprofessionalismforalltheproblemsinsports.Theywereshockedtoseethatsomeathletesnowtreatrunningaraceastheirjob.Theyshouldgetpaidforrunningarace.WiththeriseofthemodernOlympicgames,theyclaim,athletesfeltrewardedfortheirparticipationandwantednothingmore.

Infact,suchaloftyidealhasalwaysbeenjustadesire,havingnothingtodowiththereality.TheOlympicgamesof1900and1904werecloselyassociatedwithcommercebecausetheywereheldtodrumupcustomersforinternationaltrade.WhattheorganizerssometimesfailtorealizeisthatanyonewhowantstobecomeanOlympicchampionmustsacrificehissparetimeandpossiblytakeabreakfromhisstudies.SoIt’snosurprisethatathleteswantsometangiblerewards.

24.單選題

Ipersonallyamoffendedbywhattheyhavetriedtodoinaverymisleadingwaywith,whatI'vesaidabouttwoofmypersonal_______,PresidentKennedyandDr.MartinLutherKingJr.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resemblance

B.statues

C.icons

D.parable

【答案】C

【解析】resemblance相似之處;statue雕像;icon偶像,崇拜對(duì)象;parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我個(gè)人而言,我對(duì)他們?cè)噲D以一種非常具有誤導(dǎo)性的方式對(duì)待肯尼迪總統(tǒng)和馬丁?路德?金博士的事感到很憤怒,而我講過(guò)這兩個(gè)人是我的偶像。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

25.單選題

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.

Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher5sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.

Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic（includingotherscientists）receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.

Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search，notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentocha