考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京信息工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

He’scolor-blindandcan’t（

）thedifferencebetweenredandgreeneasily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detect

B.discover

C.distinguish

D.determine

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。detect“偵查，發(fā)現(xiàn)”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別”；determine“下決心”。句意：他是個(gè)色盲，他不能輕易區(qū)分紅色與綠色。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3,000,000worthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,law-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforgoods

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessionals.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestores

B.somepeoplesimplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops

C.thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所謂的"由偷竊造成的損失",誠(chéng)實(shí)的公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。結(jié)合上文可知"shrinkage"指店內(nèi)行竊案件,所以選項(xiàng)D更準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行竊者可分為三大類:專業(yè)扒手、蓄意的業(yè)余扒手和控制不了盜竊沖動(dòng)的扒手。所以第三類人就是無(wú)法抵擋誘惑的人,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知：那些禁受不住誘惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵紀(jì)守法的好公民,他們很少是家境貧困的。他們偷東西不是因?yàn)楦恫黄疱X,而是心不在焉拿走東西忘記付錢了。所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤,他們并不貧窮;選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及;所以只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤,而選項(xiàng)D正確;根據(jù)第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."這類盜賊并不貧窮,那么言下之意就是人們認(rèn)為盜賊應(yīng)該是貧窮的。所以選項(xiàng)C也正確。只有選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."這是由于一小部分人的做法給大多數(shù)無(wú)辜的人帶來了懲罰和不便的又一個(gè)例子。也就是第一段所說的：公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.單選題

Theorganizationprovidesinformationonhealthissuetothepublicatlarge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlength

B.ingeneral

C.indetail

D.inbrief

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.atlength詳細(xì)地B.ingeneral通常；一般來說

C.indetail詳細(xì)地D.inbrief簡(jiǎn)言之

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析

【解題思路】原詞atlarge“詳細(xì)地”，側(cè)重于“詳”，即全面的，原句側(cè)重于表達(dá)向公眾提供的信息的全面性。A選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”與原文一致。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)ingeneral“通常；一般來說”，不符合原句句意；

C選項(xiàng)indetail“詳細(xì)地”，側(cè)重于“細(xì)”，即具體的細(xì)節(jié)；

D選項(xiàng)inbrief“簡(jiǎn)言之”，不符合原句句意。

【句意】該組織向公眾提供有關(guān)健康問題的全面信息。

4.單選題

（

）drillsthathavenorealtopichavetoremainastheyare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Manufacture

B.Manipulative

C.Manipulate

D.Manifest

【答案】B

【解析】考察形似詞詞義辨析。manufacture“制造”；manipulative“操作的；控制的”；manipulate“操縱”；manifest“顯然的；明顯的”。句意：沒有實(shí)際主題的操作性訓(xùn)練只能保持原樣。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Itwasnoaccidentthatnineteenth-centurynaturalistCharlesDarwinstrovetoconnectthementalityandemotionalityofpeoplewiththatofdogs,ratherthan,say,dovesorhorses.Neitherhistheoryofevolutionnoranygeneralunderstandingofbiologydemandedthatthepreferentiallyunderlineoursimilaritytodogsoverotherspecies.Butpoliticallyandemotionally,thechoicewasinevitableforanEnglishgentlemanwhohadsethimselfthetaskofmakingtheideaofevolutionarycontinuitypalatable.Darwinwrotethat“dogspossesssomethingverysimilartoaconscience.Theycertainlypossesssomepowerofself-command....Dogshavelongbeenacceptedastheverytypeoffidelityandobedience.”

Darwinwasnotaloneinhisbeliefsthatdogpossesshumanvirtues.Thecharacteristicsofloyaltyandobedience,coupledwithanexpressivefaceandbody,canaccountforwhydogsaresuchpopularandvaluedpetsinmanycultures.Dependingonthebreedandtheindividual,dogscanbenoble,charming,affectionate,andreliable.Butwhilealldogownersshouldrightlyappreciatetheseandotherendearingtraitsintheirpets,nothingsaysthattheclevernessofahighlyintelligentprimatesuchasachimpanzeeispartofthepackage.Scientistsgenerallybelievethereasoningabilitiesofchimpstobeconsiderablygreaterthanthatofdogs.Butmanypeoplenonethelessbelievethatdogsaresmarterthanchimpspreciselybecauseofourfamiliarityandemotionaltieswiththedogsthatwelove.Weapplythesamesecretrulestoourfellowhumans:theoldin-group,out-groupstory.Peopleinyourin-grouparethosewhoaresimilartoyou,eitherbecausetheybelongtothesameorganizationsasyou,orenjoythesameactivities,or,andthisisthekicker,becausetheyaresimplyaroundmoreoften.Dogs,becauseoftheirproximitytotheirowners,aredefinitelyin.Theintensityofourrelationshipwithdogscausesus,quitenaturally,toimbuethemwithhigh-levelmentalabilities,whethertheyhaveearnedthoseextraintelligencepointsornot.Welikethem,sowethinkwellofthem.

21.Theauthorofthispassagedevelopsanargumentbyrelyingon______.

22.Thephrase“Itwasnoaccident”impliesthattheauthorbelievesthatDarwin______.

23.Theitalic“believe”inthemiddleofthispassagemostdirectlyemphasize______.

24.Thispassageusesthewordof“old”(inbold)tosuggestthatthe“story”is______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.personalexperience

B.scientificobservation

C.historicalcontextualization

D.directquotation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.knewthattheresemblancebetweendogsandhumanscouldnotbeaccountedforbyhistheory

B.exploitedthesympathiesofhisaudiencetogainsupportforhistheory

C.believedthatthewaypreviousauthorshavewrittenaboutdogswasinaccurate

D.wishedtoconvincethepublictocelebratethevirtuesofdogs

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.amisguidedideathatisbecomingobsolete

B.anegativeviewthatscientistsadopttowardlaypeople

C.thecontroversialnatureofanalternativetheory

D.theintensityofaconvictionbasedonsentiment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.familiar

B.historic

C.tiresome

D.outdated

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

21.Theauthorofthispassagedevelopsanargumentbyrelyingon______.21.這篇文章的作者通過______展開了一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。

A.personalexperienceA.個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)

B.scientificobservationB.科學(xué)觀察

C.historicalcontextualizationC.歷史情境

D.directquotationD.直接引用

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“達(dá)爾文寫道：‘狗擁有一種非常類似于良心的東西。他們當(dāng)然有一定的自我控制能力?！L(zhǎng)期以來，狗一直被認(rèn)為是忠誠(chéng)和服從的象征。’”，從中我們可知，作者是直接引用了達(dá)爾文提出的論點(diǎn)來展開文章的論點(diǎn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合第一段原文，屬于曲解原文。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

22.Thephrase“Itwasnoaccident”impliesthattheauthorbelievesthatDarwin______.22.“這不是偶然的”意味著作者相信達(dá)爾文______。

A.knewthattheresemblancebetweendogsandhumanscouldnotbeaccountedforbyhistheoryA.知道他的理論無(wú)法解釋狗和人的相似之處

B.exploitedthesympathiesofhisaudiencetogainsupportforhistheoryB.利用了他的讀者的同情來為他的理論獲得支持

C.believedthatthewaypreviousauthorshavewrittenaboutdogswasinaccurateC.認(rèn)為之前的作者對(duì)狗的描述是不準(zhǔn)確的

D.wishedtoconvincethepublictocelebratethevirtuesofdogsD.希望說服公眾贊美狗的美德

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句“19世紀(jì)的自然學(xué)家達(dá)爾文力圖把人類的思想狀況和情況與狗聯(lián)系起來，而不是和比如鴿子或者馬聯(lián)系起來，這不是偶然”，從中可推斷，達(dá)爾文對(duì)狗的一些品質(zhì)是表示贊揚(yáng)的，D選項(xiàng)符合原文意思，因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)表述曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)并沒有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

23.Theitalic“believe”inthemiddleofthispassagemostdirectlyemphasize______.23.文章中間斜體的believe最直接地強(qiáng)調(diào)了______。

A.amisguidedideathatisbecomingobsoleteA.一個(gè)正在過時(shí)的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)

B.anegativeviewthatscientistsadopttowardlaypeopleB.科學(xué)家對(duì)普通人的消極看法

C.thecontroversialnatureofanalternativetheoryC.另一種理論的爭(zhēng)議性

D.theintensityofaconvictionbasedonsentimentD.基于情感的信念的強(qiáng)度

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到斜體believe在原文的位置，在第二段第六句“盡管如此，還是有很多人相信狗比黑猩猩更聰明，這正是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)我們所愛的狗的熟悉和情感聯(lián)系（familiarityandemotionalties）”，從中可知，我們對(duì)狗的高度贊賞是因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)狗的情感，所以believe強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種基于情感信念的強(qiáng)度，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B選項(xiàng)在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)中的analternativetheory（另一種理論）沒有提到，屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

24.Thispassageusesthewordof“old”(inbold)tosuggestthatthe“story”is______.24.這篇文章用了“old”這個(gè)詞來暗示這個(gè)“故事”是______。

A.familiarA.熟悉的

B.historicB.有歷史意義的

C.tiresomeC.煩人的

D.outdatedD.過時(shí)的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，定位old至文章第二段第七句“我們將同樣的秘密規(guī)則應(yīng)用于我們的人類同胞：古老的圈內(nèi)和圈外的故事”，從中我們可以推測(cè)出，old表示“有歷史意義的”，B選項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

6.單選題

Nowresearchersaredirectingmoreattentiontothesocialandculturalimpetusthatpropelleduniversitygraduatesintocareersinmanagement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implication

B.propaganda

C.impulse

D.benefit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今研究人員正將更多的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向推動(dòng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生進(jìn)入管理行業(yè)的社會(huì)和文化……。implication“含義，暗示”；propaganda“宣傳”；impulse“推動(dòng)力，刺激”；benefit“好處，利益”。根據(jù)“propel”（推進(jìn)；推動(dòng)）可推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“推動(dòng)力”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invaluable

B.priceless

C.unworthy

D.worthless

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。invaluable“無(wú)價(jià)的”；priceless“無(wú)價(jià)的”；unworthy“不值得的”；worthless“不值錢的”。句意：一旦一幅畫被證明是偽造的，它就變得十分……。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;inpractice,theymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeing（

）bythemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.replaced

B.overlooked

C.saturated

D.penalized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。replace“代替；更換”；overlook“忽略；俯瞰；遠(yuǎn)眺；檢查”；saturate“使?jié)裢福皇癸柡汀?；penalize“懲罰”。句意：理論上，政府有制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的自由；實(shí)際上，他們必須遵守國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)模式或冒險(xiǎn)被市場(chǎng)懲罰。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

TeadrinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso,tea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain（）.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause（）.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkinBritain

C.howtheBritonsgotthehabitofdrinkingtea

D.howtea-timewasborn

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.peopletriedtocopythewayMadamedeServingedranktea

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.茶葉在商店里買不到，甚至那些買得起的人也是從荷蘭寄過來，只是因?yàn)檫@是一件時(shí)髦的珍品?！庇纱丝芍?，茶葉是從荷蘭進(jìn)入英國(guó)的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文前半部分討論了英國(guó)人對(duì)茶的引進(jìn)和認(rèn)識(shí)，后半部分講到了英國(guó)人對(duì)茶的喜愛，所以總的來說，這篇文章主要是討論了英國(guó)人喝茶的歷史。選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.與此同時(shí)，（歐洲）大陸上的人們?cè)絹碓较矚g茶。”這里的時(shí)間即上一段提及的17世紀(jì)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland…因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?，她的朋友們認(rèn)為他們必須模仿她做的每件事，所以他們喝茶的時(shí)候也加牛奶。慢慢地，這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)……”由此可知，歐洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶，是模仿MadamedeServinge夫人喝茶的方式，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。題干問的是“英國(guó)人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受什么的影響？”根據(jù)上一題可知，英國(guó)人喝茶的習(xí)慣主要是受到一位法國(guó)夫人的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

10.單選題

Ihopeyou（）allthematerialbeforeyoumakethefinaldecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhaveread

B.willberead

C.willbereading

D.wouldhaveread

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。由題意可知，本題考查的是將來完成時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)B為將來一般時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C為將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D為過去將來完成時(shí)態(tài)，所以本題的正確選項(xiàng)為選項(xiàng)A。句意：我希望你做最后決定之前就已經(jīng)閱讀過所有資料。

11.單選題

HelenKeller'sworkgavecomfortandencouragementtootherhandicappedpeoplewho（）mighthaveledahopelesslife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.thus

C.or

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句意：海倫?凱勒的工作是給其他殘疾人以安慰和鼓勵(lì),否則他們可能會(huì)過著絕望的生活。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

HiseffortstobringaboutareconciliationbetweenthetwoParties（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cameoff

B.cameon

C.cameround

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)comeoff“舉行，發(fā)生；實(shí)現(xiàn)，成功”；B選項(xiàng)comeon“逐漸開始，催促”；C選項(xiàng)comeround/around“恢復(fù)（知覺），還原”；D選項(xiàng)comedown“跌落，失去財(cái)富或地位，傳遞”。句意：他為促成雙方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coherence

B.prestige

C.consequence

D.commitment

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他是這本小說的作者，在這個(gè)國(guó)家有很高的（）。coherence統(tǒng)一，連貫性；prestige聲望，名望；consequence結(jié)果，推論，重要性；commitment承諾，委托。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Featureseditor.

B.Magazinereporter.

C.Websitedesigner.

D.Fashiondesigner.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Designingsportsclothing.

B.Answeringdailyemails.

C.Consultingfashionexperts.

D.Interviewingjob-seekers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisfascinating.

B.Itischallenging.

C.Itistiresome.

D.Itisfashionable.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Herconfidence.

B.Herexperience.

C.Hercompetence.

D.Herpersistence.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】ConversationOne

M:[1]TodayourguestisRosieMullenderwhoworksasaFeaturesEditorforFashionmagazine.HiRosie,you’reFeatureseditoratoneofthemostwidelyreadwomen’smagazinesintheU.K.Whatkindofresponsibilitiesdoesthatjobentail?

W:Wespendourdayslookingatideasfromjournalists,writingcopyforthemagazineandwebsite,andediting.Wedorandomthingslikeaskingpeopleinthestreetquestionsandtestingsportsclothing.Wealsodolesstangiblethingslikeunderstandingwhatourreaderswant.It’scertainlyvariedandsometimesbizarre.

M:Duringyourworkingday,whatkindofworkmightyoutypicallydo?

W:[2]Mydaymainlyincorporatesrespondingtoemails,writingandeditingstoriesandcomingupwithnewfeatureideas.

M:HowdoesthejobofFeatureseditordifferfromthatofFashioneditororothereditorialpositions?

W:TheFeaturesteamdealswitharticlessuchascareers,reports,confidenceandconfessions—everythingexceptfashionandbeauty.

M:[3]Alotofpeoplebelievethatworkingatamagazineisaglamorousjob.Isthisanaccuraterepresentationofwhatyoudo?

W:I’dsayit’sglamoroustoanextent,butnotinthewayit’sportrayedinfilms.Wedohaveourmoments,suchasinterviewingcelebritiesandattendingparties,whichisahugethrill.Ultimatelythough,we’rethesameasourreaders,butworkinginajobwe’reallveryluckytohave.

M:Didyouhavetoovercomeanydifficultiestoreachthispointinyourcareer?Howdidyoumanagetodothis?

W:[4]Ihadtobereallypersistentanditwasveryhardwork.Afterthreeyearsofworkinginapetrolstationanddoingunpaidwork,Istillhadn’tmanagedtogetanentry-leveljob.Iwasluckythatmylastdesperateattemptledtoajob.Itoldmyselfthatallexperiencesmakeyouabetterjournalistinthelongrun—andluckilyIwasright.

1.Whatisthewoman’sprofession?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問女士的職業(yè)是什么？對(duì)話的開頭男士就提到今天的嘉賓RosieMullender是《時(shí)尚》雜志的特刊編輯（Featureseditor）。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。本題的干擾項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)“Magazinereporter”，因?yàn)殇浺糁胁恢挂淮翁岬絤agazine這個(gè)詞，女士的職業(yè)也和雜志有關(guān)系，但“雜志記者”不是女士的職業(yè)。

2.Whatisoneofthewomansmainresponsibilities?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士的主要職責(zé)之一是什么？女士說她每天的工作主要包括回復(fù)電子郵件和寫作、編輯故事等。B選項(xiàng)“回復(fù)每天的電子郵件”是錄音中respondingtoemails的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。本題的干擾項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)“Designingsportsclothing”，雖然在錄音中有出現(xiàn)“sportsclothing”，但說的是他們會(huì)測(cè)試運(yùn)動(dòng)服裝，而不是設(shè)計(jì)；C選項(xiàng)“咨詢時(shí)尚專家”在錄音中沒有相關(guān)信息；錄音中只提到女士會(huì)采訪名人，并沒有說采訪求職者，所以D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

3.Whatdomanypeoplethinkaboutthewoman’sjob?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問的是人們對(duì)女士職業(yè)的看法。男士提到很多人認(rèn)為在雜志社工作很有吸引力。A選項(xiàng)中的fascinating“極有吸引力的”是對(duì)glamorous的同義替換，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“很有挑戰(zhàn)性的”；C選項(xiàng)“令人厭煩的”和D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)髦的”均不正確。

4.Whathelpedthewomantogethercurrentposition?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問是什么幫助女士獲得現(xiàn)在的職位？錄音最后男士問道，在女士的職業(yè)生涯中，是不是要克服什么困難才能達(dá)到現(xiàn)在這個(gè)位置，她又是怎么做到的。女士的回答是，必須堅(jiān)持不懈（persistent），因此D選項(xiàng)正確。本題的干擾項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)中的experience雖然在原文中提及，但女士說的是自己所有的經(jīng)歷都會(huì)讓她成為一名更好的記者，而不是說她的經(jīng)歷讓她到達(dá)現(xiàn)在的位置，因此不正確；A選項(xiàng)“她的自信”和C選項(xiàng)“她的能力”在錄音中沒有提及。

15.寫作題

Writealettertoyouruniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETII.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearSirorMadam:

Thepurposeofthisletteristomakesomesuggestionsforimprovingtheserviceofouruniversitylibrary.IthasdevelopedverywelloverthelastfewyearsinprovidingaccesstocomputersandCDROM’s,printingfacilities,andfreeonlineaccess.However,ourlibrarywillbecomebetterifitcanmakesomeprogressonfollowingmeasures.

Firstofall,thestaffmembersofthelibraryarenotashospitableasexpected.Someofthemevenkeepastonefaceinfrontofthestudents.Furthermore,thestudyingroomshouldprovidemoreseats,becauseitisnotspaciousenoughandIalwayshavetospendalongtimetofindmyselfaseat.Lastbutnotleast,mostundergraduatestudentscomplainthattheycanonlyborrowtwoitemsforatime.Thefiguresshouldbeincreasedtoatleastfiveduetostudyingneeds.

Isincerelywishthatmyadvicewouldbetakenintofullaccount.Yourearlyreplyisappreciated.

YoursSincerely,16.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshavefiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeasfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Buifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhints,fromthetwistandturnofthefistsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofhumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

Letmecometothepointboldly;whatgovernstheEnglishmanishisinneratmosphere,theweatherinhissoul.Itisnothingspiritualormysterious.When,inhisgardenorbyhisfire，hesprawlsinanaggressivelycomfortablechair;whenheischoosinghisclothesorhisprofession—neverisitaprecisereason,orpurpose,orouterfactthatdetermineshim;itisalwaystheatmosphereofhisinnerman.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無(wú)法從書中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

讓我直接切入正題：支配英國(guó)人的是他內(nèi)心的情調(diào)，靈魂深處的氣象。它既不是精神上的，也不神秘。在花園中或者壁爐旁，他會(huì)伸展四肢躺在一張舒服的椅子上；當(dāng)挑選衣服或者職業(yè)時(shí)，并不是有明確的理由、目的，或者外部條件來制約他的決定，僅僅取決于他內(nèi)在的情調(diào)。

17.單選題

Theinaugurationofthenewpresidentwillbeheldat8o'clock（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sharply

B.right

C.prompt

D.punctually

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析題。A:sharply“嚴(yán)厲地；鋒利地”；B:right“立刻”;C:prompt“迅速的；敏捷的”；D:punctually“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意：新總統(tǒng)的就職典禮將于8點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)舉行。根據(jù)前文“在八點(diǎn)”得知表示時(shí)間的準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，因此可知D為正確答案。

18.單選題

Justasthereareoccupationsthatrequirecollegeorevenhigherdegrees,______occupationsforwhichtechnicaltrainingisnecessary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sotoothereare

B.soalsothereare

C.sotherearetoo

D.sotooarethere

【答案】D

【解析】考查句型和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查的是“justas…so”句型和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，“justas…so”的意思為“正好和……一樣”。so在本句中表達(dá)“也，同樣”的含義，連接并列句。too如果在句子中提前，則要求后面的主謂形成部分倒裝，所以A，C均不成立；so和also語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，因此B選項(xiàng)排除。因此D為正確答案。

19.單選題

Whenfacedwithdoubtsfromsomeadvisersontheattemptedinvasion,thepresidentignoredthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.failedtonotice

B.putupwith

C.stoodupfor

D.refusedtoconsider

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。根據(jù)句意：當(dāng)面對(duì)一些顧問對(duì)入侵企圖的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，總統(tǒng)……了他們。ignore意為“忽略，忽視”。A選項(xiàng)failtonotice“沒有注意到”；B選項(xiàng)putupwith“容忍，忍受”；C選項(xiàng)standupfor“支持，擁護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)refusetoconsider“拒絕考慮”。選項(xiàng)A與之意思最為接近，代入符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】題目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“請(qǐng)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的假”，和B選項(xiàng)的“askforleave”意思相同，B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypain