考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。enrolling登記,

招收；dedicating獻(xiàn)身,

致力，后面一般接介詞to;reclaiming開(kāi)拓,

開(kāi)墾；

pursuing從事,

進(jìn)行。句意：過(guò)去，大多數(shù)護(hù)林員都是男性，但今天，從事這一領(lǐng)域的女性人數(shù)正在攀升。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于中小企業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題，說(shuō)話者說(shuō)了什么？本篇講座在開(kāi)頭就提到講座的目的是詳細(xì)分析中小企業(yè)在適應(yīng)技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)步方面所面臨的問(wèn)題。由此可知，中小企業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題來(lái)源于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有政府的支持，問(wèn)題不能解決”和B選項(xiàng)“利用現(xiàn)代科技很容易解決”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息涉及；C選項(xiàng)“到目前為止，問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有詳細(xì)研究過(guò)”，在這次講座中說(shuō)話者明確分析了中小企業(yè)面臨的三個(gè)問(wèn)題，而且接著展開(kāi)了對(duì)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題的詳細(xì)剖析，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于科技行業(yè)，說(shuō)話者說(shuō)了什么？說(shuō)話者在說(shuō)跟上科技發(fā)展步伐這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí)提到，科技行業(yè)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的行業(yè)，各公司相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一年到頭都可能有新產(chǎn)品推出市場(chǎng)。A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈”與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“專注于新產(chǎn)品”；C選項(xiàng)“它要求巨大的投資”和D選項(xiàng)“它對(duì)企業(yè)家是有吸引力的”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)什么是解決中小企業(yè)問(wèn)題的可行方案？說(shuō)話者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企業(yè)，如果相互之間沒(méi)有直接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，可嘗試共同分擔(dān)技術(shù)的升級(jí)成本，而這不失為一種實(shí)用的解決方法。因此B選項(xiàng)“互相分?jǐn)偝杀尽闭_。A選項(xiàng)“與大公司合作”和D選項(xiàng)“信息技術(shù)人員的在職培訓(xùn)”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“招聘更能勝任工作的員工”在錄音中雖有提及，但這是中小型企業(yè)面臨的第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，并非實(shí)際解決中小型企業(yè)問(wèn)題的方法，因此可排除。

3.單選題

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。transform“改變，使…變形”；transport“運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送”；transplant“移植，遷移”；transcend“勝過(guò)”。句意：Black夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)每當(dāng)她彈鋼琴，她的鋼琴就有將自己帶離日常生活的糟糕現(xiàn)實(shí)并且將她帶到自己擁有的樂(lè)園的魔力。由takingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylife及tofairyland可知“將Black夫人從糟糕的現(xiàn)實(shí)運(yùn)送到樂(lè)園”符合邏輯，答案B

4.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswouldlegitimizeherlongeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.testify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。legitimize意為“使合法化，證明……為有理（或正當(dāng)）”；justify意為“證明……有理”；testify意為“作證”；rectify意為“改正，校正”；verify意為“核實(shí)，查對(duì)”。

句意：她努力做自己的工作，直到確定所得到的結(jié)果可以證明自己長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)的努力是有理由的。

5.單選題

3.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hehasnocomplainsaboutdoctor.

B.Hewon’tcomplainanything.

C.Heisingoodcondition.

D.Hecouldn’tbeworse.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Howhaveyoubeenfeelingingeneral?

M:Nothingtocomplain,really.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士說(shuō)：Nothingtocomplain（沒(méi)什么好抱怨的），意思是情況還不錯(cuò)。

6.單選題

Lookingathistoryfromouruniqueperspective,we’llnaturally（）thepowerfulexamplesetbytheAmericanRevolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remindthat

B.beremindedthat

C.remindof

D.beremindedof

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)空格后“thepowerfulexamplesetbytheAmericanRevolution”，可知這不是一個(gè)句子，所以不需要用that引導(dǎo)。選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又因?yàn)楣潭ù钆洹皉emindsb.ofsth.”使某人想起……，sb.和remind之前存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

ThealcoholintakeofGreeksisalsomodest______Europeanterms,butthey’rethebiggestsmokersinthe15-countrybloc,______upeighttimesadayforeveryman,womanandchild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.during,lighted

B.in,lighting

C.for,lighted

D.as,lighting

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在歐洲，希臘人的飲酒量也不算高，但他們卻是15國(guó)中吸煙人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次煙。根據(jù)固定搭配intermsof“在……方面，從……角度”，確定第一根橫線用介詞in；第二根橫線考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)和本句的主語(yǔ)一致，動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)發(fā)出，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞lighting，B選項(xiàng)in,lighting符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPICWhatmarksthematurity(成熟)ofaperson?Givereasonsoruseexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.

【答案】【參考范文】

Whenweareyoung,wehavequiteaselfishattitudetowardslife.Ourpriorityistoseekpersonalhappiness.Weprefertoavoidactivitieswedonotenjoy.Asaresult,ourelderssuchasparentsorteachersfrequentlyresorttorewardsorpunitivemeasurestoforceustoassumeresponsibilitieswewouldratheravoid.

However,aswegrowold,welearnthatlifeisalotmorethanpursuingpersonalhappinessonly.Werealizethatwehaveresponsibilitiesnotonlytowardsourselvesbutalsotowardsotherpeopleaswellasthegreatersociety.Thismomentofrealizationiswhatmarksthematurityofaperson.Weembracethefactthatwehavedifferentrolestoplayandeachrolemaycomewithdifferentsetsofresponsibilities.Asanemployee,weareresponsiblenotonlyforourselvesbutalsohaveobligationstowardsfellowemployees,thecompany,andexternalstakeholderssuchasthecustomers.Asaparent,wehaveresponsibilitiestowardsourchildren.Andassomeoneinanintimaterelationship,wehaveresponsibilitiestowardsoursignificanthalf.Similarly,asacitizen,wehaveresponsibilitiestowardsfellowcitizensaswellasourcountry.

Aresponsibleandmaturepersonisoftenlessselfishandmoreconsideratetowardsotherpeoplethanhisorheryoungerselves.Thematurityisthenaturaloutcomeofyearsoflifeexperiencesthatturnusintowiserbeings.Whilematurityhelpsusmakebetterqualitydecisions,italsocomplicatesthedecision-makingprocess.Asyoungindividuals,ourdecision-makingprocessisoftenimpulsiveandintuitive.However,asmatureindividuals,thedecision-makingprocessbecomesdeliberativebecauseweconsidertheimpactofourdecisionsonnotonlyourselvesbutalsootherpeoplewhomaybeaffectedbyit.

Inconclusion,havingasenseofresponsibilitymarksthematurityofaperson.Withresponsibility,amaturepersonislessselfish,wiser,andmoreconsideratethanhisorheryoungerself.Heorshemaymakethedecisionsslowerasamaturepersonthanasayoungpersonbutthedecisionsmadeasamaturepersonalsotendtobeofhigherqualitythanthosemadeasayoungperson.

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

挑戰(zhàn)未知是人類誕生之初就具備的本能，而探索外太空則是好奇心和求知欲在現(xiàn)代的延伸。人類和動(dòng)物最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別在于不斷地探求未知，其終極目的就是要回答“我從哪來(lái)？我到哪去？”。這樣的問(wèn)題，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界找不到答案，人們便將追問(wèn)的目光投向浩瀚的外太空。正是這些追問(wèn)，成為人類探索宇宙的動(dòng)力。此外，太空探索還激發(fā)了全人類的科學(xué)精神。

【答案】Challengingtheunknownhasbeenahumaninstinctsincewewereborn,andexploringouterspaceisextensionofcuriosityandaspirationtoknowledgeinmoderntimes.Themostessentialdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandanimalsistheconstantsearchfortheunknown,whoseultimategoalistoanswerthequestion“WheredoIcomefrom?WhereamIgoing?”Itisimpossibletofindtheanswerofsuchquestionsintherealworld,therefore,peoplewilltransfertheirattentiontothevastouterspace.Itisthesequestionsthathavebecomethedrivingforceforhumanexplorationoftheuniverse.Inaddition,spaceexplorationhasinspiredthescientificspiritofallmankind.

10.單選題

8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Oneminute.

B.Fifteenminutes.

C.Halfanhour.

D.Fiveminutes.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlast?

M:Justashortwhile.

W:Aminute,5minute,halfanhour?

M:Oh,nothalfanhour.

W:Howlongdoesitlast?

M:Aboutaquarterofanhour.

Q:Howlongdoesthemansaythepainlast?

【解析】男人最后說(shuō)的是“aquarterofanhour”,即15分鐘。故選B。

11.單選題

The___atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confinement

B.convention

C.discipline

D.principle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confinement“限制；監(jiān)禁；分娩”；B選項(xiàng)convention“大會(huì)；[法]慣例；[計(jì)]約定；[法]協(xié)定；習(xí)俗”；C選項(xiàng)discipline“學(xué)科；紀(jì)律；訓(xùn)練；懲罰”；D選項(xiàng)principle“原理；原則；主義；道義；本質(zhì)；本義；根源；源泉”。句意：這所軍事學(xué)校的___太嚴(yán)格了，學(xué)生們幾乎無(wú)法忍受。本句表達(dá)“軍事學(xué)校的紀(jì)律”，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Iintendtomovethatourcommittee（）Jimaschairman,andIhopethatyouwillsecondmymotion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willappoint

B.appoints

C.appoint

D.appointed

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Move在這里表示（在會(huì)上）提議、建議。在表建議、命令、要求和愿望的動(dòng)詞后面，賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形的用法，should可省略。選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：我提議委員會(huì)任命Jim為主席，我希望你能支持我的建議。

13.單選題

Veryoften,thehumaneyeandbraincanrecognizefamiliarconfigurationsevenifallbutafewsignificantdatapointsareleftout.Itisthiscreativepowerofperceptionthatmaysomedayallowprofoundlydeafpeopletoconverseinsignlanguageoveraspecial“telephone”,Researchershavefoundthatthirteenspotsoflightoneachhandandonespotonthenose-toshowheadnotionandprovideareferencepointforhandpositionaresufficientforintelligiblerenderingofAmericanSignLanguage.Thebrightspotsareproducedbyattachingpiecesofreflectivetapetothenose,fingertips,wrists,andbacksofthesecondknucklesandadjustingaclosed-circuittelevisionsystemsothatonlythebrightspotsappearonthescreenofthereceiver.Afterafewminutesoffamiliarization,pairsofdeafpeopleareabletoconversefreelyovertelevision.Deafpeopleandothersignreaderscanofcourse,understandsignlanguageandwrittensubtitlesoncommercialtelevision.Butwidespreadlink-upsoftelevisionsystemsforpersonalcommunicationsareeconomicallyimpossiblebecauseastandardpicturerequiresaboutonethousandtimesmoreinformationthanatelephonecircuitcancarry.Theresearchersthinkitlikelythatthesimplifiedpictureoftwenty-sevenmovingdotsusedintheirexperimentscanbereducedtothecapacityofatelephoneline.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thepersonviewingtheclosed-circuitscreensees（）.

2.Whatcausesthebrightspotsmentionedinthispassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,howlongwouldittakeapersonwhoknowssignlanguagetobecomeaccustomedtousingthenewdevice?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsometelevisionbroadcastsalreadyincludewhichofthefollowing?

5.Thephrase“thiscreativepowerofperception”refersto（）.

6.Theword“converse”inline3means（）.

7.Asforthefuturedevelopmentofthelink-upsoftelevisionsystemsforpersonalcommunication,theresearchersseemstobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brightspots

B.twohandsandaface

C.thepersonusingsignlanguage

D.awrittenmessage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Specialtape

B.Specialmovablepoints

C.Smalllightbulbs

D.Smallmirrors

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lessthananhour

B.Threetofourhours

C.Oneday

D.Severalweeks

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advertisingforthenewproduct.

B.Instructioninhowtocommunicateinsignlanguage.

C.Programssubtitledfordeafpeople.

D.Personalconversationwithdeafpeople.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thephenomenonthatdeafpeoplecanhearwhatisspoken.

B.thefactthatthehumaneyeandbraincanrecognizefamiliarconfigurations.

C.theissuethatdeafpeoplecanperceptwhatisshowntothem.

D.thethingthatdeafpeoplecanwritetoeachother.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.see

B.talk

C.watch

D.write

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.hesitant

C.retreating

D.optimistic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文“...adjustingaclosed-circuittelevisionsystemsothatonlythebrightspotsappearonthescreenofthereceiver.”調(diào)整閉路電視系統(tǒng),使接收器的屏幕上只出現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn),選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)原文“Thebrightspotsareproducedbyattachingpiecesofreflectivetapetothenose,fingertips,wrists,andbacksofthesecondknuckles...”這些亮點(diǎn)是通過(guò)在鼻子、指尖、手腕和背部第二個(gè)關(guān)節(jié)粘上反光膠帶而產(chǎn)生的...。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)原文“Afterafewminutesoffamiliarization,pairsofdeafpeopleareabletoconversefreelyovertelevision.”可知,只需幾分鐘的時(shí)間便可熟悉,選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)原文“Deafpeopleandothersignreaderscanofcourse,understandsignlanguageandwrittensubtitlesoncommercialtelevision.”耳聾的人和其他手語(yǔ)者當(dāng)然可以理解手語(yǔ),并且商業(yè)電視上也有字幕。由此可知,電視廣播中已有的是為耳聾的人提供的字幕。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文可知,“thiscreativepowerofperception”指的是上句提到的“...thehumaneyeandbraincanrecognizefamiliarconfigurations...”人類的眼睛和大腦可以識(shí)別熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.根據(jù)原文句意可知,這里指耳聾的人通過(guò)一種特制的“電話”進(jìn)行交談,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.根據(jù)原文最后一句話,研究人員認(rèn)為,在他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用的27個(gè)移動(dòng)點(diǎn)的簡(jiǎn)化圖片,可能可以縮小到電話線的容量。由此可推測(cè),研究人員的態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀的。選項(xiàng)D正確。

14.單選題

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪費(fèi),慷慨給予;extravert使思想外傾;impose征稅,強(qiáng)加;vaunt自夸，吹噓。句意：雖然他做了許多偉大的事情，但他從不覺(jué)得有必要夸耀自己的成就。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.翻譯題

Iamgratefulfortheinvitationtoparticipateinthisimportantconference,andIinterpretitasevidencethatstudentsofcreativitythemselvespossessthesensitivitytodivergentapproachesthattheyseektoidentifyinothers.ButIamnotaltogethersanguineabouttheoutcomeofyourexperimentwithme.Asmostofyoualreadyknow,Iamnopsychologist,butratheranex-physicistnowworkinginthehistoryofscience.Probablymyconcernisnolesswithcreativitythanyourown,butmygoals,mytechniques,andmysourcesofevidencearesoverydifferentfromyoursthatIamfarfromsurehowmuchwedo,orevenshould,havetosaytoeachother.Thesereservationsimplynoapology;rathertheyhintatmycentralthesis.Inthesciences,asIshallsuggestbelow,itisoftenbettertodoone’sbestwiththetoolsathandthantopauseforcontemplationofdivergentapproaches.Ifapersonofmybackgroundandinterestshasanythingrelevanttosuggesttothisconference,itwillnotbeaboutyourcentralconcerns,thecreativepersonalityanditsearlyidentification.Butimplicitinthenumerousworkingpapersdistributedtoparticipantsinthisconferenceisanimageofthescientificprocessandofthescientist;thatimagealmostcertainlyconditionsmanyoftheexperimentsyoutryaswellastheconclusionsyoudraw;andaboutitthehistorianmaywellhavesomethingtosay.Ishallrestrictmyattentiontooneaspectofthisimage--anaspectepitomizedasfollowsinoneoftheworkingpapers:Thebasicscientist“mustlackprejudicetoadegreewherehecanlookatthemost‘self-evident’factsorconceptswithoutnecessarilyacceptingthem,and,conversely,allowhisimaginationtoplaywiththemostunlikelypossibilities”.Inthemoretechnicallanguagesuppliedbyotherworkingpapers,thisaspectoftheimagerecursasanemphasisupon“divergentthinking,thefreedomtogooffindifferentdirections,...rejectingtheoldsolutionandstrikingoutinsomenewdirection.”Idonotatalldoubtthatthisdescriptionof“divergentthinking”andtheconcomitantsearchforthoseabletodoitareentirelyproper.Somedivergencecharacterizesallscientificwork,andgiganticdivergenceslieatthecoreofthemostsignificantepisodesinscientificdevelopment.Butbothmyownexperienceinscientificresearchandmyreadingofthehistoryofsciencesleadmetowonderwhetherflexibilityandopen-mindednesshavenotbeentooexclusivelyemphasizedasthecharacteristicsrequisiteforbasicresearch.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

正如你們大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)知道的那樣，我不是心理學(xué)家，而是現(xiàn)在從事科學(xué)歷史工作的一位前物理學(xué)家。也許我對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)心程度不比你們少，但是我的目標(biāo)、技巧和證據(jù)來(lái)源與你的有很大的不同，以至于不確定我們要做多少，或者應(yīng)該對(duì)彼此說(shuō)多少。這些保留并不意味著一種辯護(hù)，相反它們暗示了我的中心論點(diǎn)。在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，正如以下我暗示到的，與其停下來(lái)去沉思不同的方法，不如好好利用手頭的工具。

我將把我的注意力集中于這個(gè)形象的一個(gè)方面，我在論文中將這個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了概括：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)家“一定要沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn)，達(dá)到一種能查看‘不言自明’的事物或概念的程度，并且沒(méi)有必要接受它們，相反地，允許自己的想象力發(fā)揮到最不可能的可能。

”我對(duì)“發(fā)散思維”的描述一點(diǎn)都不覺(jué)得懷疑，對(duì)那些能夠進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維的人伴隨進(jìn)行的搜尋是完全恰當(dāng)?shù)摹Ｋ械目茖W(xué)工作者都存在分歧，并且巨大的分歧在科學(xué)發(fā)展中存在于意義最為深重的核心中。但是通過(guò)我自己的科學(xué)研究經(jīng)歷和對(duì)科學(xué)史的閱讀，我懷疑靈活性和無(wú)偏見(jiàn)是否被專有地強(qiáng)調(diào)成為基礎(chǔ)研究的必要特征。

16.單選題

Wearewritingtothemanager（

）therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.withthepurposeof

C.withreferenceto

D.withaviewto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…以外”；withthepurposeof“目的，用途”；in/withreferenceto“關(guān)于，就…而言”；withaviewto“著眼于”。句意：我們給經(jīng)理寫信反映關(guān)于最近在以上地址進(jìn)行維修的有關(guān)情況。C項(xiàng)符合句意，答案C

17.單選題

5.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Extremelysevere.

B.Notverysevere.

C.Moreseverethanexpected.

D.It’shardtosay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howstrongisthepainexactly?Onascaleof1-10,howwouldyoudescribetheintensityofthepain?

W:Well,I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad.Itjustkeepscomingback.

Q:Howsevereisthepain?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說(shuō)：I’dsaythepainisabouta2onascaleof1-10.LikeIsay,it’snotreallybad（疼痛級(jí)別大概為2，還不算太嚴(yán)重）。

18.單選題

Asanimportant（）forouremotionsandideas,musiccanplayahugeroleinourlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vessel

B.vest

C.venture

D.vehicle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)vessel“船，器皿”，B項(xiàng)vest“背心，汗衫”，C項(xiàng)venture“冒險(xiǎn)旅行”，D項(xiàng)vehicle“車輛，交通工具，運(yùn)載工具”。后文提到“音樂(lè)在生活中發(fā)揮重要作用”，根據(jù)前文的ouremotionandideas（我們的情感和思想）可知空格處表示“載體”。句意：作為情感和思想的重要載體，音樂(lè)在我們的生活中扮演著重要的角色。因此，該題D項(xiàng)正確。

19.填空題

Everystudentisrequiredtogivea（）（present）ontheseminar.

【答案】presentation

【解析】句意：每個(gè)學(xué)生被要求在研討會(huì)上做一次陳述。故應(yīng)將present變?yōu)閜resentation。

20.單選題

Let'sputanendtothisunnecessaryand（

）destructionofourenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wanton

B.illiterate

C.decisive

D.competitive

【答案】A

【解析】wanton荒唐的，無(wú)節(jié)制的；illiterate文盲的，不識(shí)字的；decisive決定性的，果斷的；competitive競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的。句意：讓我們停止對(duì)環(huán)境不必要的以及無(wú)節(jié)制的破壞。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

21.單選題

Rao’s,thelegendaryeastHarlemItalianeatery,ismorethanahundredblocksabovetheWallStreet.ButwithaclientelethatincludessomeofthecorporateAmerica’sleadinglights,bigbusinessisneverfaraway.ConsiderthetablehostedonenightlastyearbyRao’sregular,Richard(Bo)Dietl—hewasjoinedbyGeneralElectric’sCEO,JeffreyImmelt,NBCchairmanBobWrightandLaw&OrdercreatorDickWolf.WolfwasjustenteringnegotiationsforanewcontractforLaw&OrdertokeeprunningonGE-ownedNBC.Noonesignedanycontractsorhaggledoverfiguresthatnight.Butnotlongafter,NBCannounceditwouldbroadcastLaw&Orderthrough2008.WolfsaysnowthatDietl’sdinneratRao’swaskeytosmoothingoutthenegotiations:“Itwasenormouslyhelpfulforhimtogetusalltogetherinthatsetting.”

Withhisjust-publishedbook,BusinessLunchatations,Dietlhopestolaunchhimselfastheauthorityonhoweveryonecansharpenhisnetworkingsocialskills.

Inhis$7,000Italiansuits,Dietltellstalesofhisadventureswiththerichandfamous;golfingwithformerGEchairmanJackWelch,fly-fishingwithformerPepsiCochairmanRogerEnrico,diningadeuxwithViacom’sSumnerRedstoneorcomparingnotesonprivatejetswithhispalDonaldTrump.Dietlsayshe’searnedthesemen’strustbymakingitclearhewantsnothingmorethantoshowthemagoodtimeandshareagoodlaugh.“Youdon’tdothisthinking,oh,whatbusinesscanIgetoutofthem?”hesays.“Youdoitforsheerfriendship.Andthenthegoodthingsjustcomeout.”Corporatebossessaytheyappreciatethesell.“Bo’saguyyouwanttodoafavorfor,”saysWelch,“becauseyouknowhe’lldoafavorforyou.”

Inhisbook,ofcourse,Dietlurgesreaderstodomorethanjustbenicetostrangersandwaitforgoodkarma.Networkingtipsrangefromhowtolistenandaskquestionsinconversationswithstrangers—eyecontact,uprightpostureandclarifyingquestionsaremusts—topracticalpointerslike“keepgoingbacktothebuffet”(toincreasethenumberofcontactsatacrowdedevent)and“wearanoriginalaccessory”(toensurestickingoutinanewacquaintance’smind).Still,Dietlsaysthemostcommonlymissedsecretofnetworkingisstartingwiththehumantouch.“Ifthere’sgoingtobebusiness,possiblytherecouldbebusiness,”hesays.“Butit’sgottastartoutfromthefriendshipside.”

26.WolfhascometobelievethatthereasonLaw&Orderwasextendedto2008was________.

27.ByreferringtoDietl’sbook,theauthorintendstoshow________.

28.Itisimpliedthatyoucanimproveyournetworkingskillsby________.

29.Dietlconcludesthatthemostimportantthingtodoisto________.

30.Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theItalianfood

B.theydidn’thavetogofarfromWallstreettogettoRao’s

C.theydidn’thaggleoverdinner

D.Dietl’sget-together

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bo’sintelligences

B.Richard’scharm

C.Mr.Dietl’sfame

D.Mr.Dietl’sauthority

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.havingadventureswiththerichandfamous

B.wearingexpensivesuits

C.doingfavorsandlaughing

D.beingfriendly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.keepgoingbacktothebuffet

B.beginwithfriendship

C.touchpeople

D.keepintouchwithcontacts

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AdventureswiththeRichandFamous

B.FavorsReceived

C.MeetMeforLunchatation

D.GoodTimesandLaughter

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】26.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句WolfsaysnowthatDietl’sdinneratRao’swaskeytosmoothingoutthenegotiations:“Itwasenormouslyhelpfulforhimtogetusalltogetherinthatsetting.”（沃爾夫說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在迪特爾在拉奧餐廳的晚餐是促成談判順利進(jìn)行的關(guān)鍵：“他把我們所有人聚在一起，這對(duì)他非常有幫助?！保訢選項(xiàng)“迪特爾的聚會(huì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“意大利菜”，B選項(xiàng)“他們不需要從華爾街走很遠(yuǎn)就能到餐廳”和C選項(xiàng)“他們吃飯時(shí)沒(méi)有討價(jià)還價(jià)”與題目沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Withhisjust-publishedbook,BusinessLunchatations,Dietlhopestolaunchhimselfastheauthorityonhoweveryonecansharpenhisnetworkingsocialskills.（迪特爾剛剛出版《商務(wù)午餐》這本書，希望成為教人提高人際交往技巧的權(quán)威。），作者通過(guò)出版的書想要表達(dá)迪特爾的權(quán)威性，所以D選項(xiàng)“迪特爾的權(quán)威”正確，突出迪特爾的權(quán)威是為了讓讀者信服他的社交技巧，名望在這里沒(méi)有太大用處，也不是重點(diǎn)，故C選項(xiàng)“迪特爾的名望”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“鮑勃的智慧”和B選項(xiàng)“理查德的魅力”：不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

28.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Dietlsayshe’searnedthesemen’strustbymakingitclearhewantsnothingmorethantoshowthemagoodtimeandshareagoodlaugh.（迪特爾表示，他已經(jīng)贏得了這些男人的信任，因?yàn)樗鞔_表示，他只是想和他們共度一段美好時(shí)光，與他們一起開(kāi)懷大笑。）和最后一句“Bo’saguyyouwanttodoafavorfor,”saysWelch,“becauseyouknowhe’lldoafavorforyou.”（韋爾奇說(shuō)：“鮑勃是你想幫的人，因?yàn)槟阒浪麜?huì)幫你?！保芍梢酝ㄟ^(guò)讓別人愉快和幫助別人提高社交技能，所以C選項(xiàng)“樂(lè)于助人，帶來(lái)歡笑”正確；只有D選項(xiàng)“友好”還不夠，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“與富人和名人一起冒險(xiǎn)”和B選項(xiàng)“穿名貴的衣服”，根據(jù)第三段：Inhis$7,000Italiansuits,Dietltellstalesofhisadventureswiththerichandfamous（迪特爾穿著價(jià)值7000美元的意大利西裝，講述著他與富人和名人的冒險(xiǎn)故事），這里講的迪特爾書中的內(nèi)容，并不是社交技巧，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第三句Dietlsaysthemostcommonlymissedsecretofnetworkingisstartingwiththehumantouch.（迪特爾說(shuō)，最常被忽視的秘訣是人與人之間的人際交往從接觸開(kāi)始。），可知人際交往中最重要的是C選項(xiàng)“與人接觸”，而不是D選項(xiàng)“保持聯(lián)系”。B選項(xiàng)“建立友誼”：根據(jù)第三段第四句Youdoitforsheerfriendship.Andthenthegoodthingsjustcomeout.（你這么做純粹是為了友誼。然后好事就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。），建立友誼有幫助，沒(méi)有說(shuō)到這是最重要的，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)去吃自助餐”：根據(jù)第四段第二句topracticalpointerslike“keepgoingbacktothebuffet”(toincreasethenumberofcontactsatacrowdedevent)（還有一些實(shí)用的技巧，比如“繼續(xù)去吃自助餐”，在擁擠的場(chǎng)合增加聯(lián)系人的數(shù)量），吃自助餐沒(méi)有說(shuō)是最重要的，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文講述社交技巧，通過(guò)營(yíng)造愉快的氛圍從而促成情感信任，所以D選項(xiàng)“美好時(shí)光和歡樂(lè)笑聲”正確。A選項(xiàng)“與富人和名人的冒險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)“接受的幫助”和C選項(xiàng)“午餐的相遇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Everyprofession,everyart,andeverysciencehasitstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinnomenclature.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.

Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstoodthanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity,andphilosophyhavealso,intheiroldstrata,becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedomandabandonedwithindifferencewhenth