管理學(xué)英文術(shù)語(yǔ)

管理學(xué)英文術(shù)語(yǔ)管理學(xué)英文術(shù)語(yǔ)管理學(xué)英文術(shù)語(yǔ)xxx公司管理學(xué)英文術(shù)語(yǔ)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度[轉(zhuǎn)載]管理學(xué)核心概念中英文對(duì)照原文地址：管理學(xué)核心概念中英文對(duì)照作者：jaywang第一章管理總論Manager管理者First-linemanagers基層管理者M(jìn)iddlemanagers中層管理者Topmanagers高層管理者M(jìn)anagement管理Efficiency效率Effectiveness效果Planning計(jì)劃Organizing組織Leading領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Controlling控制Managementprocess管理過(guò)程Managementroles管理角色I(xiàn)nterpersonalroles人際關(guān)系角色I(xiàn)nformationalroles信息傳遞角色Decisionalroles決策制定角色Technicalskills技術(shù)技能Humanskills人事技能Conceptualskills概念技能System系統(tǒng)Closedsystems封閉系統(tǒng)Opensystems開放系統(tǒng)Environment環(huán)境Specialenvironment具體環(huán)境Generalenvironment一般環(huán)境Contingencyperspective權(quán)變觀Organization組織Universalityofmanagement管理的普遍性Nonmanagerialemployees/Operatives操作者第二章管理的歷史Divisionoflabor勞動(dòng)分工Industrialrevolution產(chǎn)業(yè)革命Scientificmanagement科學(xué)管理Therbligs基本動(dòng)作元素Generaladministrativetheorists一般行政管理理論家Principlesofmanagement管理原則Bureaucracy官僚行政組織、層級(jí)組織Quantitativeapproach定量方法Organizationalbehavior(OB)組織行為HawthorneStudies霍桑研究Workforcediversity員工多樣化Entrepreneurship企業(yè)家e-business(electronicbusiness)電子商務(wù)e-commerce(electroniccommerce)電子貿(mào)易、電子商務(wù)Intranet內(nèi)部互聯(lián)網(wǎng)Totalqualitymanagement(TQM)全面質(zhì)量管理Learningorganization學(xué)習(xí)型組織Knowledgemanagement知識(shí)管理Workplacespirituality團(tuán)隊(duì)精神第三章計(jì)劃Decision決策Decision-makingprocess決策過(guò)程Problem問題Decisioncriteria決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Implementation實(shí)施Rationaldecisionmaking理性決策Boundedrationality有限理性Satisficing滿意Escalationofcommitment承諾升級(jí)Intuitivedecisionmaking直覺決策Well-structuredproblems結(jié)構(gòu)良好問題Programmeddecision程序化決策Procedure程序Rule規(guī)則Policy政策Poorlystructuredproblems結(jié)構(gòu)不良問題Nonprogrammeddecisions非程序化決策Certainty確定性Risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性Uncertainty不確定性Directivestyle指導(dǎo)性風(fēng)格Analyticstyle分析性風(fēng)格Conceptualstyle概念性風(fēng)格Behavioralstyle行為性風(fēng)格Planning計(jì)劃Goals目標(biāo)Plans計(jì)劃Strategicplans戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃Operationalplans作業(yè)計(jì)劃Long-termplans長(zhǎng)期計(jì)劃Short-termplans短期計(jì)劃Specificplans具體性計(jì)劃Directionalplans指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃Single-useplan單一目標(biāo)計(jì)劃Standingplans標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)劃Traditionalgoalsetting傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)設(shè)定Means-endschain手段－結(jié)果鏈Managementbyobjectives(MBO)目標(biāo)管理Mission使命Commitmentconcept承諾概念Formalplanningdepartment正式計(jì)劃部門Strategicmanagement戰(zhàn)略管理Strategicmanagementprocess戰(zhàn)略管理過(guò)程Opportunities機(jī)會(huì)Threats威脅Corecompetencies核心能力Strengths優(yōu)勢(shì)Weaknesses劣勢(shì)SWOTanalysisSWOT分析Corporate-levelstrategy公司層戰(zhàn)略Stabilitystrategy穩(wěn)定戰(zhàn)略Growthstrategy增長(zhǎng)戰(zhàn)略Relateddiversification相關(guān)領(lǐng)域多元化經(jīng)營(yíng)Unrelateddiversification不相關(guān)領(lǐng)域多元化經(jīng)營(yíng)Retrenchmentstrategy收縮戰(zhàn)略BCGmatrixBCG矩陣波士頓咨詢集團(tuán)矩陣Business-levelstrategy事業(yè)層戰(zhàn)略Strategicbusinessunits戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)營(yíng)單位Competitiveadvantage競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)Costleadershipstrategy成本領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略Differentiationstrategy差異化戰(zhàn)略Focusstrategy集中化戰(zhàn)略Functional-levelstrategy職能層戰(zhàn)略EnvironmentalScanning環(huán)境掃描Competitorintelligence競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者情報(bào)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者信息Forecasts預(yù)測(cè)Quantitativeforecasting定量預(yù)測(cè)Qualitativeforecasting定性預(yù)測(cè)ForecastingTechniques預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)Benchmarking基準(zhǔn)化、標(biāo)桿Resources資源Budget預(yù)算RevenueBudgets收入預(yù)算ExpenseBudgets費(fèi)用預(yù)算ProfitBudgets利潤(rùn)預(yù)算CashBudgets現(xiàn)金預(yù)算Scheduling進(jìn)度計(jì)劃、規(guī)劃GanttCharts甘特圖LoadCharts負(fù)荷圖PERTnetwork計(jì)劃評(píng)審技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Events事件Activities活動(dòng)Slacktime松弛時(shí)間Criticalpath關(guān)鍵線路Breakevenanalysis盈虧平衡分析Linearprogramming線性規(guī)劃Project項(xiàng)目ProjectManagement項(xiàng)目管理Scenario設(shè)想方案第四章組織Organizing組織Organizationalstructure組織結(jié)構(gòu)Organizationaldesign組織設(shè)計(jì)Workspecialization勞動(dòng)分工Departmentalization部門化Functionaldepartmentalization職能部門化Productdepartmentalization產(chǎn)品部門化Geographicaldepartmentalization地區(qū)部門化Processdepartmentalization過(guò)程部門化Customerdepartmentalization顧客部門化Cross-functionalteams跨職能團(tuán)隊(duì)Chainofcommand指揮鏈Authority職權(quán)Responsibility職責(zé)Unityofcommand統(tǒng)一指揮Spanofcontrol管理幅度Centralization集權(quán)化Decentralization分權(quán)化Formalization正規(guī)化Mechanisticorganization機(jī)械式組織Organicorganization有機(jī)式組織Unitproduction單件生產(chǎn)Massproduction大量生產(chǎn)Processproduction連續(xù)生產(chǎn)Simplestructure簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu)Functionalstructure職能型結(jié)構(gòu)Divisionalstructure分部型結(jié)構(gòu)Team-basedstructure團(tuán)隊(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)Matrixstructure矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)Projectstructure項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)Autonomousinternalunits內(nèi)部自治單位Boundarylessorganization無(wú)邊界組織Learningorganization學(xué)習(xí)型組織High-performanceworkpractice高績(jī)效的工作實(shí)踐Humanresourcemanagementprocess人力資源管理過(guò)程Laborunion工會(huì)Humanresourceplanning人力資源規(guī)劃Jobanalysis職務(wù)分析Jobdescription職務(wù)說(shuō)明書Jobspecification職務(wù)規(guī)范Recruitment招聘Decruitment解聘Selectionprocess甄選過(guò)程Validity效度Reliability信度Worksampling工作抽樣Assessmentcenters測(cè)評(píng)中心Orientation定向、導(dǎo)向Performancemanagementsystem績(jī)效管理系統(tǒng)Writtenessay書面描述法Criticalincidents關(guān)鍵事件法Graphicratingscales評(píng)分表法Behaviorallyanchoredratingscales(BARS)行為定位評(píng)分法Multipersoncomparisons多人比較法Grouporderranking分組排序法Individualranking個(gè)體排序法Pairedcomparison配對(duì)比較法360degreefeedback360度反饋skill-basedpay按技能付酬Career職業(yè)生涯、職業(yè)Organizationalchange組織變革Changeagents變革推動(dòng)者Organizationaldevelopment(OD)組織發(fā)展Stress壓力Creativity創(chuàng)造Innovation創(chuàng)新第五章領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Behavior行為Organizationalbehavior組織行為學(xué)Attitudes態(tài)度Cognitivecomponent認(rèn)知成分Affectivecomponent情感成分Behavioralcomponent行為成分Jobsatisfaction工作滿意度Jobinvolvement工作投入Organizationalcommitment組織承諾Organizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB)組織公民行為Cognitivedissonance認(rèn)知失調(diào)Attitudesurveys態(tài)度調(diào)查Personality人性Big-fivemodel重要的五大模型Emotionalintelligence(EI)情感智商Locusofcontrol控制點(diǎn)Machiavellianism馬基雅維里主義Self-esteem自尊Self-monitoring自我監(jiān)控Perception知覺Attributiontheory歸因理論Fundamentalattributionerror基本歸因錯(cuò)誤Self-servingbias自我服務(wù)偏見Selectivity有選擇地接受、選擇性Assumedsimilarity假設(shè)相似性Stereotyping刻板印象Learning學(xué)習(xí)Operantconditioning操作性條件反射Sociallearningtheory社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)理論Shapingbehavior行為塑造Motivation動(dòng)機(jī)Need需要Hierarchyofneedstheory需要層次理論P(yáng)hysiologicalneeds生理需要Safetyneeds安全需要Socialneeds社會(huì)需要Esteemneeds尊重需要Self-actualizationneeds自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需要TheoryXX理論TheoryYY理論Motivation-hygienetheory激勵(lì)－保健理論Hygienefactors保健因素Motivators激勵(lì)因素Three-needstheory三種需要理論Needforachievement(nAch)成就需要Needforpower(nPow)權(quán)力需要Needforaffiliation(nAff)歸屬需要Goal-settingtheory目標(biāo)設(shè)定理論Reinforcementtheory強(qiáng)化理論Reinforcers強(qiáng)化物Jobdesign職務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)Jobscope職務(wù)范圍Jobenlargement職務(wù)擴(kuò)大化Jobenrichment工作豐富化Jobdepth職務(wù)深度Jobcharacteristicmodel(JCM)職務(wù)特征模型Skillvariety技能多樣性Taskidentity任務(wù)同一性Tasksignificance任務(wù)重要性Autonomy自主性Feedback反饋Equitytheory公平理論Referents參照對(duì)象Expectancytheory期望理論Compressedworkweek壓縮工作周Flexibleworkhours彈性工作制Jobsharing職務(wù)分擔(dān)Contingentworkers應(yīng)急工Telecommuting電子通信，遠(yuǎn)程辦公Pay-forperformanceprograms基于績(jī)效的薪酬管理Open-bookmanagement公開帳簿管理Leader領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Behavioraltheories行為理論Autocraticstyle權(quán)威式Democraticstyle民主式Laissez-fairestyle放任式Initiatingstructure定規(guī)維度Consideration關(guān)懷維度High-highleader高－高型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者M(jìn)anagerialgrid管理方格論Fiedlercontingencymodel菲德勒權(quán)變模型Least-preferredco-worker(LPC)questionnaire最難共事者問卷Leader-memberrelations領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者－成員關(guān)系，上下級(jí)關(guān)系Taskstructure任務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)Positionpower職位權(quán)力Situationalleadershiptheory(SLT)情景領(lǐng)導(dǎo)理論Readiness準(zhǔn)備狀態(tài)Maturity成熟度Leaderparticipationmodel領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者參與模型Path-goaltheory路徑－目標(biāo)理論Transactionalleaders事務(wù)型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Transformationalleaders變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Charismaticleader超凡魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Visionaryleadership愿景領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者Legitimatepower法定權(quán)Coercivepower強(qiáng)制權(quán)Rewardpower獎(jiǎng)賞權(quán)Expertpower專長(zhǎng)權(quán)Referentpower模范權(quán)Credibility可信度Trust誠(chéng)信、信任Empowerment授權(quán)Communication溝通Interpersonalcommunication人際溝通Organizationalcommunication組織溝通Message信息Encoding編碼Channel通道、渠道Decoding解碼Communicationprocess溝通過(guò)程N(yùn)oise噪音Nonverbalcommunication非言語(yǔ)溝通Bodylanguag