考研考博-英語-中原工學院信息商務學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中原工學院信息商務學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Smellisthemostdirectofallthesenses.Itisthoughttobetheoldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmellishard-wiredintothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,whichmanagestheperceptionofsmells,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.Theolfactorynerveprovidesadirectlinkfromreceptorsatthetopofthenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,andbehavior.

Theolfactorysystemdetectscertainairbornechemicalsthatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicalinformationtothelimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostrilisyellow,moist,andfulloffattysubstances.Theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell:thedeepertheshade,thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.Animalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmell,sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyellowtoreddishbrown,whilethoseofhumansarelightyellow.

Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactoryreceptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasalcavity.Olfactoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciliathatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odormoleculesdiffuseintothisregionandareabsorbedbytheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcells.Whatthismeansisthatwhenweholdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasalcavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemillionolfactoryreceptorcells.Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsestothebrain’solfactorybulb,orsmellcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformationabouttheroseentersthebrain’slimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.

Thelimbicsystemofthebrainintegratesmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelatednervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionalcenterofemotionssuchasanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.Thecomponentsofthelimbicsystemarelinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvolvedincomplexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakesdecisionsabouttheemotionalcontentoftheseuniquehumanqualitiesafter“consulting”thelimbicsystemandtheotherbraincentersinprocessingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriestomodifybehavior.

Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenweinhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain’slimbiccentercomparetheodorenteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memoriesassociatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asmellcanbeoverwhelminglynostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxyfragranceofcrayonscaninstantlytransportustooursecond-gradeclassroom,orthescentoffreshlymowngrasscanflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.Whatweseeandhearmayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmellissentdirectlytolong-termmemory.

Smellscanincreasealertnessandstimulatelearningandretention.Inonestudy,childrenmemorizedawordlist,whichwaspresentedbothwithandwithoutaccompanyingscents.Thechildrenrecalledwordsonthelistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhenthelistwasgivenwithscentsthanwithout,showingthelinkbetweensmellandtheabilitytoretaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarioussmellscanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthescentoflavendercouldwakeupthemetabolismandmakepeoplemorealert.Theyalsofoundthatthesmellofspicedapplescouldreducebloodpressureandavertapanicattackinpeopleunderstress.

1.Whydoestheauthorusetheterm“hard-wired”indescribingthesenseofsmellandthebrain?

2.Ofwhatsignificanceisthecoloroftheolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostril?

3.Whathappenswhentheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcellsabsorbodormolecules?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“crayons”and“freshlymowngrass”inParagraph5?

5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph6aboutlearning?

問題1選項

A.Todescribethetextureandfeeloftheolfactorynerve

B.Toemphasizethecloseconnectionbetweensmellandthebrain

C.Tocomparethepowerofsmellwiththatofothersenses

D.Toexplainhowthesenseofsmellevolvesinearlyhumans

問題2選項

A.Thecolorchangeswithdifferentairbornechemicals.

B.Thesignificanceofthecolorislittleunderstood.

C.Thecolorbecomesdarkerwhenanodorispresent.

D.Thecolorshowsthestrengthoftheabilitytosmell.

問題3選項

A.Thetinyhairsinsidethenosebecomedarkerincolor.

B.Thenervoussystemactivatesthedigestivesystem.

C.Theolfactorynervesendsimpulsestothebrain.

D.Somereceptorcellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.

問題4選項

A.Togiveexamplesofsmellsthatcantriggermemoriesandemotions

B.Tocomparetypicalresponsestotwocommonsmells

C.Toexplainwhysmellsarelikelytoaffectperson’sbehavior

D.Toidentifysmellsthatcanincreasealertnessandworkefficiency

問題5選項

A.Learningcannottakeplaceunlessallofthesensesarestimulated.

B.Scentscanstrengthentheabilitytoholdnewinformationinthememory.

C.Itiseasiertorecallpreviouslearningthanitistoretainnewinformation.

D.Childrenwillnotlearnmuchiftheyaredistractedbyoffensiveodors.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到了嗅覺神經實際上就是大腦的延伸，嗅覺神經直接將鼻子的鼻受體與大腦中管理記憶、情感和行為的部分相連?？梢酝瞥鲂嵊X與大腦是緊密聯(lián)系的。選項B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句中提到theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell(黃色陰影代表的是嗅覺的強度)。選項D符合題意。

3.文章第三段作者提到了嗅覺受體纖毛細胞吸入了氣味分子后發(fā)生的情況。句子中提到了受體細胞會刺激嗅覺神經，然后嗅覺神經發(fā)送脈沖到大腦的嗅覺神經或者嗅球。選項C符合題意。

4.文章第五段第一句作者提出氣味可能是記憶和情緒的最強出發(fā)點。由此可知，作者提到的蠟筆和新割的草地是為了證實他的觀點，并且說明氣味是如何觸發(fā)記憶和情緒的。選項A符合題意。

5.文章第六段提出氣味可以提高警覺，促進學習，增強記憶力。之后舉了孩子記憶單詞的例子，如果需要記憶的單詞表上有香味，他們會記得又快又好。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial（）willbeconductedbycomputer.

問題1選項

A.transmissions

B.transitions

C.transactions

D.transformations

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事實上，所有的資金交易都將由計算機來處理，人們將不需要攜帶大量的現(xiàn)金，所以在街上閑逛將會更安全。

考查名詞辨析。transmission傳送，傳遞，傳達，傳播，傳染；transition過渡，轉變，轉換；transaction交易，事務；transformation轉化，轉換，改革，變形。由句意“人們將不需要攜帶大量的現(xiàn)金”可知C正確。

3.單選題

問題1選項

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

問題2選項

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

問題3選項

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:本文說到的是說話人成為PA的經歷，因此C選項“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正確。

第2題:說話者說到了成為醫(yī)生助理的原因：IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit（我更多地關注了PA路線，因為我真的很感興趣）。因此B選項正確。

第3題:文中說到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave（我還需要學習一些學科，比如有機化學和解剖學，還有一些我沒有學過的東西）”，對比信息，可知B選項正確。

4.單選題

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

問題1選項

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。count“計算總數，數數”；strip“剝去，去掉”；elaborate“精心制作，詳細闡述”；cast“投，拋”。句意：工程師們在這個實驗室里花了數周時間（）新自行車計劃。能與plans搭配的只有C項“詳細說明”。

5.單選題

Pleasecheckthecopy______theoriginalbeforehandingin.

問題1選項

A.with

B.against

C.over

D.AandB

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。checksth.against/withsth.表示“對照某物核對某物”，為固定搭配。根據thecopy與theoriginal可知此處表示“對照原件核對該復印件”，因此選D。句意：交上來之前請把復印件和原件核對一下。

6.單選題

Afterconsideringvariousalternatives,wedecidedto______ouroriginalplan.

問題1選項

A.hangon

B.holdto

C.taketo

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項hangon“堅持下去，握住不放”，尤指不掛上電話以等待想要的或要求的事物；B項holdto“堅持，緊握”，指堅持某個看法或路線；C項taketo“喜歡，開始從事”，D項seeto“注意，負責”。根據關鍵詞originalplan“原來的計劃”結合前半句句子意思“在考慮了各種替代方案后”可知，空格部分表示“堅持”，所以只有B項符合語境。句意：考慮了各種可選擇的方案后，我們決定堅持原來的計劃。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

7.單選題

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

問題1選項

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的，卑鄙的”；worried“擔心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪惡的，惡劣的，不道德的”。句意：我覺得我染上流感了，因為我整天感覺不舒服。選項C符合題意。

8.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問題1選項

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項unbiased“公正的，無偏見的”；B選項manipulated“操作”；C選項distorted“扭曲的”；D選項conveyed“傳達”。

句意：當你準備你的演講時，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來源和例子。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

問題1選項

A.tohavebeencreated

B.tobecreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.beingcreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。as在這里是介詞，后面應接名詞性質的詞，排除A、B，create的動作是過去發(fā)生的，應該用過去時態(tài)，排除D。句意：不應把我們的文明看作是短期內創(chuàng)造出來的。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

—Doyouregretpaying500dollarsforyournecklace?

—No.Iwouldgladlypay（）forit.

問題1選項

A.twotimesasmuch

B.twiceasmany

C.twiceasmuch

D.astwiceasmuch

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你后悔花500美元買這條項鏈嗎？不！即使價格再貴一倍，我也會愿意買。

語法題。考查倍數。倍數比較的表達為:倍數+as+形容詞+as?！皟杀丁睉撚谩皌wice”。句中的比較級是修飾“錢”,因此形容詞應該用“much”。

11.翻譯題

41.我們必須全面深化改革，以釋放市場活力對沖經濟下行壓力。

42.盡管財政收入增速放緩，支出壓力加大，但我們要堅持以人為本，持續(xù)增加民生投入。

43.在基礎設施、公共事業(yè)等領域，應積極推廣政府和社會資本合作模式。

44.我們要全面推進依法治國，加快建設法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務型政府。

45.中國節(jié)能環(huán)保市場潛力巨大，它可以成為新興的支柱產業(yè)。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

12.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放縱、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一個問題越發(fā)常見：沉寂多年的通貨膨脹，會否在2016年突然爆發(fā)。畢竟，自從2007年以來，拖累經濟發(fā)展的債務問題正在消退；美國、英國和德國的勞動力市場日趨緊張；房地產市場正蓄勢待發(fā)；最近美聯(lián)儲近十年來第一次提高利率。

37.如果發(fā)達國家的債務不再是一個問題，那就會隱現(xiàn)在新興市場，過度借貸迫使價格下降而導致生產力過剩。巴西等商品出口國出現(xiàn)了通貨膨脹，貨幣已經貶值。但是全球通貨膨脹是部分發(fā)達國家的瓶頸期和新興市場的輸入型通貨緊縮之間的拉鋸戰(zhàn)，而持久的價格下跌或停滯看來還會持續(xù)一段時間。

38.事實證明，這是一個代價高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油賣85美元才能支撐公共支出，需要賣60美元才能維持收支平衡。然而，最近油價在回升之前跌破36美元，創(chuàng)11年新低。

39.如果生產力持續(xù)疲軟，失業(yè)率可能會進一步下降。與此同時，新興市場的緩慢增長可能會給大宗商品價格和貨幣帶來下行壓力。強勢美元已在美國制造業(yè)和服務業(yè)之間造成了裂痕。進一步升值將使美聯(lián)儲更難推動進一步加息。

13.單選題

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

問題1選項

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。A選項的render“給予某物作為報償或用以交換，回報，歸還”；B選項的secure“將某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保護”；C選項的seek“尋找，探索”；D選項的furnish“提供，陳設，布置”。根據句意‘在采訪中，市長通過報道對其他城市的人在該市遭受了幾次地震襲擊后給予市民的及時的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感謝’確定A選項正確。

14.單選題

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

問題1選項

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。geton“上車；進展”；getthrough“通過；度過”；getover“克服；恢復”；getby“獲得認可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話，大多數人都不能度過一天。因此B選項符合題意。

15.翻譯題

中國與西方國家的合作是互利的。中國經濟的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國人民的生活，也為世界經濟的增長提供了新的推動力，為發(fā)達國家提供了更多的商業(yè)機會。中國是一個潛力巨大的新興市場，西方國家技術先進，資金雄厚，兩者經濟上具有很強的互補性。西方一些國家對華采取歧視性的貿易政策，不僅損人，最終也會損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

16.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

問題1選項

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語搭配。沒有ontheporch這個搭配，排除選項A；onthethreshold“即將開始”；ontheedgeof“在……的邊緣”；onthecourseof“在……的過程中”。句意：作為學校里最年輕的教授，布朗先生正處在輝煌事業(yè)的開始階段。選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Afterleavingcollege,theyoungman____onanewbusinesscareer.

問題1選項

A.induced

B.facilitated

C.ignited

D.embarked

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.induced引誘B.facilitated促進

C.ignited點燃；激起D.embarked開始（新的或艱難的事情）

【答案】D

【考查點】介詞搭配與語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填動詞搭配介詞on使用，空格處前后語義為“離開大學后，這個年輕人____了新的商業(yè)生涯”。D選項embarked“開始（新的或艱難的事情）”符合原句介詞搭配與語義銜接，embarkon“開始（新的或艱難的事情）”。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不與介詞on搭配使用，且不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】離開大學后，這個年輕人開始了新的商業(yè)生涯。

18.單選題

Thecultleadertriedto（）peoplebymakingpromiseshecouldn’tpossiblykeepinordertogettheirmoney.

問題1選項

A.render

B.chide

C.preamble

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】

【試題解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項render“致使；提出；實施；著色”；B選項chide“責罵；斥責”；C選項preamble“作序文（或導言、開場白等）”；D選項exploit“開發(fā)，開拓；剝削；開采”。句意：這個邪教領袖為了得到人們的錢而做出他不可能兌現(xiàn)的承諾，以此來剝削他們。。根據句意，D選項正確。

19.單選題

Eyespots,themostrudimentaryeyes,arefoundinprotozoanflagellates,flatworms,andsegmentedworms.

問題1選項

A.principal

B.perceptive

C.primitive

D.persistent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未發(fā)展的”；A項principal“主要的，資本的”，B項perceptive“洞察力強的，思維敏捷的”，C項primitive“原始的，遠古的”，D項persistent“執(zhí)著的，堅持不懈的”。句意：眼斑存在于原生動物鞭毛蟲、扁蟲和分節(jié)蟲中，是未發(fā)展的眼睛。根據句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未進化的”意思，只有C項符合。故該題選擇C項正確。

20.單選題

Goodsalesmenknowby（）thebestapproachtotakewithaparticularcustomer.

問題1選項

A.bent

B.genius

C.instinct

D.faculty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bent“天賦，愛好”；B選項genius“天才，天賦”；C選項instinct“本能，直覺”；D選項faculty“能力，功能”。句意：優(yōu)秀的推銷員憑直覺就知道應對特定客戶的最佳方法。由選項意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

21.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問題1選項

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項resolves“決定；決心要做”；B選項unsolved“未解決的；未解答的”；C選項dissolves“溶解；分解”；D選項shoves“擠；強使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨會侵蝕樹葉，……它們的蠟涂層。根據attackstheleaves（侵蝕樹葉）可推測acidrain（酸雨）的危害極大，A選項resolves（決定）不符合題意，B選項unsolved（未解決的）可排除，D選項shoves（擠）不符合題意，可排除，結合此處語境，C選項正確。

22.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.我們清楚地認識到，中國人口多，底子薄，城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡，資源環(huán)境約束加強，就業(yè)壓力增加，脫貧任務仍然很艱巨。中國已經制定了未來五年經濟社會發(fā)展的藍圖，中國將堅持以科學發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉變經濟發(fā)展方式為主線，深化改革開放，保障民生，促進經濟長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會和諧穩(wěn)定。

2.文化并不僅限于語言，它包含了智力、感情和感官。要知道自己的文化傾向，最準確的指標是我們的直覺反應。語言是另一種重要指標，因為沒有多少人會用第二外語來表達突如其來的痛楚或愉悅；但我們也有明顯的非語言指標，如對食物的偏愛。正因為這些反應不受我們自己或別人的支配和偽裝，所以準確度很高。

3.隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，人類使用化石能源創(chuàng)造了巨大的物質財富，但同時也產生了大量污染物和溫室氣體。全球能源、氣候變化和環(huán)境問題越來越突出，成為人類面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。代表們在這次會議上就這個重大戰(zhàn)略性問題交換看法，反映出本地區(qū)國家加強合作，應對挑戰(zhàn)的愿望和決心。

【答案】1.WearefullyawarethatChinaremainsadevelopingcountrywithlargepopulation,weakeconomicfoundationandunevendevelopmentamongdifferentregions.Itfacesintensifyingresourcesandenvironmentalconstraints,increasingemploymentpressureandalongbattletoeradicatepoverty.Chinahasdrawnupablueprintforitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Itwillcontinuetofollowthescientificapproachtodevelopmentandfocusonacceleratingtransformationoftheeconomicdevelopmentpattern,inordertodeepenreformandopening-up,improvepeople’slivelihoodandensurethesteady,fastandlong-termeconomicgrowthandtheharmonyofthesociety.

2.Cultureisnotjustamatteroflanguage,itinvolvestheintellect,emotionsandsenses.Ourinstinctiveresponseisthemostaccurateindicatorofthetendencyofourculture.Andlanguageisanotherimportantindicator,sincefewpeoplewouldconveytheirfeelingsofsuddenpainandpleasureinasecondlanguage.Butclearlytherearenon-linguisticindicatorstoo,forexample,ourpreferenceforfood.Sincetheseresponsescannotbedominatedandcamouflagedbyourselvesorothers,theyhaveaveryhighdegreeofaccuracy.

3.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustry,mankindhascreatedmaterialwealthbyusingfossilfuel，aswellaslotsofpollutantsandgreenhousegas.Theglobalpowersources,climatechangeandenvironmentalissuesaremoreandmoreprominentandhavebecomeachallengeforallthehumanbeings.Therepresentativesexchangetheiropinionsaboutthismajorstrategicproblematthemeeting,reflectingthedesireanddeterminationtoenhancethecooperationamongcountriesinthisregion.

23.單選題

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（

）forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.

問題1選項

A.award

B.compensation

C.prize

D.reward

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:為抓捕逃犯提供信息，警方將高額賞金。

award獎金，獎學金，通常與一段時間的成績和表現(xiàn)相關；compensation補償，賠償，一般與損失相關；prize獎賞，獎金，一般與競賽或比賽相關；reward報酬，獎賞，一般與勞動、服務、支持和幫助相關。

24.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問題1選項

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regime“政權；政體；社會制度；管理體制”；B選項prestige“威望；聲望；聲譽”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)勢”；D選項legislature“立法機關；立法機構”。句意：在一個給予那些有進取心且相當有競爭力的人很多聲譽的社會里，大衛(wèi)傾向于認為自己無用且不被該社會所需要。根據句意可知B選項正確。

25.單選題

OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJeanLouisBurckhardt.

問題1選項

A.enormously

B.unstably

C.progressively

D.unnoticeably

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項enormously“巨大地；非常地”；B選項unstably“不穩(wěn)定地”；C選項progressively“漸進地；日益增多地”；D選項unnoticeably“不引人注意地；不顯著地”。句意：幾個世紀以來，尼羅河和沙漠的沙子都……變化著，這座寺廟直到1813年才被世人所知，后來它被瑞士探險家偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據寺廟所發(fā)現(xiàn)的時間可知，尼羅河和沙漠的沙子移動的非常緩慢，以至于寺廟是在之后的一大段時間才展露出來。因此D選項符合題意。

26.翻譯題

It’snobletoseektruth,anditisbeautifultofindit.Itistheancientfeelingofthehumanheart,thatknowledgeisbetterthanriches;anditisdeeplyandsacredlytrue.Tomarkthecourseofhumanpassionsastheyhaveflowedonintheagesthatarepast;toseewhynationshaverisen,andwhytheyhavefallen;tospeakofheat,andlight,andthewinds;toknowwhatmanhasdiscoveredintheheavensaboveandintheearthbeneath…….Itisworthwhileinthedaysofouryouthtostrivehardforthisgreatdiscipline.Amanwhodedicateshislifetoknowledge,becomeshabituatedtopleasurewhichcarrieswithitnoregret.

【答案】追求真理是高尚的，發(fā)現(xiàn)真理是美好的。知識勝于財富，這是人類心靈的一種古老的感覺;這是千真萬確的。它記錄人類激情的歷程，因為它們在過去的年代里一直在流動；它看國家為何興起，為何衰落。它提起熱、光和風；它知道人類在天上地下都發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么…….在我們年輕的時候，為這門偉大的學科而努力奮斗是值得的。一個把一生獻給知識的人，就會習慣于它帶來的樂趣而不后悔。

27.寫作題

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）

Peoplearealmostphobic（恐懼癥）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（膽固醇）canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.

Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（長壽）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

28.單選題

Farmingisstilltheworld'sgreatestindustry.Onaverage,overhalfofthepopulationspendtheirlivesploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcrops,andraisinganimalswhichprovideuswithmeat,milk,eggs,wool,leather,andmanyotherproducts.Traditionalfarming,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.Buttraditionalmethodscannotproduceenoughfoodtocopewiththegreatexplosioninpopulation.

Onlywithmodernmethodsoffarming——usingmachinestoreplacemenandanimals,artificialfertilizerstoenrichthesoil,andchemicalstokeepweedsanddiseasesundercontrol,canmanhopetoavoidacatastrophicworldfoodshortage.FormingmethodsarewelladvancedinmostpartsofEuropeandNorthAmerica,andfarmerselsewherearebeinghelpedbysuchorganizationsastheUnitedNationsFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)tomodernizeasquicklyaspossible.

Machineryhasbroughtaboutthegreatestrevolutioninfarming.Byfarthemostimportantmachineisthetractor,whichisusedforpullingmanykindsofimplements——ploughstobreakupthesoil,drillstosowtheseeds,trailerstocarrymanure,andsoon.Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery,suchasmowingmachines,andpotatoharvesters.

Thestandardtypeoftractorhastwomassivewheelsattherearandtwosmallonesatthefront,butthosedesignedfortravelingoverheavygroundorforpullingheavyloadshavecaterpillarorcrawlertracks.Tractorssupplypowertodriveothermachineryeitherthroughapulleywheeldrivenbytheengineorbymeansofwhatiscalledpowertake-off(p.t.o).Inp.t.o.drive,themovingpartofthemachinethetractorispulling,suchastheknifebladeofamower,isturneddirectlybyashaftdrivenbytheengine.

Amongthemanyotherfarmmachines,combineharvestersareprobablythemostimportant.Theyaresocalledbecausetheycombinetheactionsofreapingandthreshing.Cerealsarethemain,butnottheonlycropsthatareharvestedwiththecombine.Peasandbeanscanalsobeharvestedwithit.

Growingplantstaketheirnourishmentfromthesoil.Theyneedcertainessentialelements,particularlycalcium,nitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium,iftheyaretogrowwell.Itstandstoreasonthataftereverycroptherewillbelessoftheseelementsremaininginthesoilforasubsequentcrop.Toensureagoodcropeverytime,farmersapplyfertilizerstothesoilbeforeplantingtoreplacetheessentialelementsthepreviouscropremoved.

Thefarmer'straditionalfertilizerisfarm-yardmanure,arottedmixtureofdungandstraw.Itimprovesthetextureofthesoilaswell.Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodernfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.Thereareavarietyofartificialfertilizers,eachsupplyingcertainoftheessentialelements.Sulphateofammoniasuppliesnitrogen,superphosphateoflimesuppliesphosphorus,bonemealsuppliesbothnitrogenandphosphorus,sulphateofpotashsuppliespotassium,andtherearemany,manymore.Superphosphateisprobablyoneofthemostwidelyusedofallthefertilizers.Limeisalsoaddedtothesoilonalargescale.Itisvaluablenotonlyasafertilizerbutalsoasasoilconditioner.

Ofcourse,stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthmakestheweedsgrowbetter,too!Fortunatelythechemisthascometotheaidoffarmersanddevelopedselectiveweed-killers,properlycalledherbicides,forusewiththeircrops.Herbicideshaveaselectiveactioninthattheykilltheweedsbutleavethecropunharmed.Theyareusedparticularlywiththecerealcrops.Chemistshavealsodevelopedawiderangeoffungicidestokillfungusdiseases,suchaspotatoblightorrustnwheat,whichcoulddevastatethecrops.Farmerswagecontinualwaragainstinsects,too.Maggots,beetles,andweevilscandountolddamageiftheyarenotchecked.Again,modernsciencehasproducedpowerfulinsecticidestoprotectcropsagainstinsectattack.

1.Whatisth