考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Smellisthemostdirectofallthesenses.Itisthoughttobetheoldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmellishard-wiredintothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,whichmanagestheperceptionofsmells,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.Theolfactorynerveprovidesadirectlinkfromreceptorsatthetopofthenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,andbehavior.

Theolfactorysystemdetectscertainairbornechemicalsthatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicalinformationtothelimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostrilisyellow,moist,andfulloffattysubstances.Theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell:thedeepertheshade,thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.Animalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmell,sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyellowtoreddishbrown,whilethoseofhumansarelightyellow.

Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactoryreceptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasalcavity.Olfactoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciliathatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odormoleculesdiffuseintothisregionandareabsorbedbytheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcells.Whatthismeansisthatwhenweholdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasalcavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemillionolfactoryreceptorcells.Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsestothebrain’solfactorybulb,orsmellcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformationabouttheroseentersthebrain’slimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.

Thelimbicsystemofthebrainintegratesmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelatednervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionalcenterofemotionssuchasanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.Thecomponentsofthelimbicsystemarelinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvolvedincomplexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakesdecisionsabouttheemotionalcontentoftheseuniquehumanqualitiesafter“consulting”thelimbicsystemandtheotherbraincentersinprocessingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriestomodifybehavior.

Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenweinhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain’slimbiccentercomparetheodorenteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memoriesassociatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asmellcanbeoverwhelminglynostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxyfragranceofcrayonscaninstantlytransportustooursecond-gradeclassroom,orthescentoffreshlymowngrasscanflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.Whatweseeandhearmayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmellissentdirectlytolong-termmemory.

Smellscanincreasealertnessandstimulatelearningandretention.Inonestudy,childrenmemorizedawordlist,whichwaspresentedbothwithandwithoutaccompanyingscents.Thechildrenrecalledwordsonthelistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhenthelistwasgivenwithscentsthanwithout,showingthelinkbetweensmellandtheabilitytoretaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarioussmellscanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthescentoflavendercouldwakeupthemetabolismandmakepeoplemorealert.Theyalsofoundthatthesmellofspicedapplescouldreducebloodpressureandavertapanicattackinpeopleunderstress.

1.Whydoestheauthorusetheterm“hard-wired”indescribingthesenseofsmellandthebrain?

2.Ofwhatsignificanceisthecoloroftheolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostril?

3.Whathappenswhentheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcellsabsorbodormolecules?

4.Whydoestheauthormention“crayons”and“freshlymowngrass”inParagraph5?

5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph6aboutlearning?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todescribethetextureandfeeloftheolfactorynerve

B.Toemphasizethecloseconnectionbetweensmellandthebrain

C.Tocomparethepowerofsmellwiththatofothersenses

D.Toexplainhowthesenseofsmellevolvesinearlyhumans

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecolorchangeswithdifferentairbornechemicals.

B.Thesignificanceofthecolorislittleunderstood.

C.Thecolorbecomesdarkerwhenanodorispresent.

D.Thecolorshowsthestrengthoftheabilitytosmell.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thetinyhairsinsidethenosebecomedarkerincolor.

B.Thenervoussystemactivatesthedigestivesystem.

C.Theolfactorynervesendsimpulsestothebrain.

D.Somereceptorcellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Togiveexamplesofsmellsthatcantriggermemoriesandemotions

B.Tocomparetypicalresponsestotwocommonsmells

C.Toexplainwhysmellsarelikelytoaffectperson’sbehavior

D.Toidentifysmellsthatcanincreasealertnessandworkefficiency

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Learningcannottakeplaceunlessallofthesensesarestimulated.

B.Scentscanstrengthentheabilitytoholdnewinformationinthememory.

C.Itiseasiertorecallpreviouslearningthanitistoretainnewinformation.

D.Childrenwillnotlearnmuchiftheyaredistractedbyoffensiveodors.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到了嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)實(shí)際上就是大腦的延伸，嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)直接將鼻子的鼻受體與大腦中管理記憶、情感和行為的部分相連?？梢酝瞥鲂嵊X(jué)與大腦是緊密聯(lián)系的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第三句中提到theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell(黃色陰影代表的是嗅覺(jué)的強(qiáng)度)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第三段作者提到了嗅覺(jué)受體纖毛細(xì)胞吸入了氣味分子后發(fā)生的情況。句子中提到了受體細(xì)胞會(huì)刺激嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)，然后嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)發(fā)送脈沖到大腦的嗅覺(jué)神經(jīng)或者嗅球。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第五段第一句作者提出氣味可能是記憶和情緒的最強(qiáng)出發(fā)點(diǎn)。由此可知，作者提到的蠟筆和新割的草地是為了證實(shí)他的觀點(diǎn)，并且說(shuō)明氣味是如何觸發(fā)記憶和情緒的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章第六段提出氣味可以提高警覺(jué)，促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，增強(qiáng)記憶力。之后舉了孩子記憶單詞的例子，如果需要記憶的單詞表上有香味，他們會(huì)記得又快又好。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Itwillbesafertowalkthestreetsbecausepeoplewillnotneedtocarrylargeamountsofcash;virtuallyallfinancial（）willbeconductedbycomputer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmissions

B.transitions

C.transactions

D.transformations

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事實(shí)上，所有的資金交易都將由計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)處理，人們將不需要攜帶大量的現(xiàn)金，所以在街上閑逛將會(huì)更安全。

考查名詞辨析。transmission傳送，傳遞，傳達(dá)，傳播，傳染；transition過(guò)渡，轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換；transaction交易，事務(wù)；transformation轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)換，改革，變形。由句意“人們將不需要攜帶大量的現(xiàn)金”可知C正確。

3.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThenecessitytobeaPA

B.HerloveforthepositionofPA

C.HerjourneytobeingaPA

D.ThehardshipshesufferedforbeingaPA

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HerfamilyencouragedhertochoosePA

B.ShedidhaveinterestinPA

C.Physicaltherapyisnotaccessibletoher

D.ItiseasierforhertobeaPA

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sheshouldacquireamaster'sdegree

B.SheneededtostudyOrganicChemistry

C.ShehadtohavetheexperienceinAnatomy

D.Sheshouldpreparesomematerialsshedidn'thave

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

【解析】第1題:本文說(shuō)到的是說(shuō)話(huà)人成為PA的經(jīng)歷，因此C選項(xiàng)“HerjourneytobeingaPA”正確。

第2題:說(shuō)話(huà)者說(shuō)到了成為醫(yī)生助理的原因：IlookedmoreintothePAroutebecauseIwasreallyinterestedinit（我更多地關(guān)注了PA路線，因?yàn)槲艺娴暮芨信d趣）。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:文中說(shuō)到“IstillneededsomelearninginsubjectslikeorganicchemistryandanatomiesandstuffthatIdidn'thave（我還需要學(xué)習(xí)一些學(xué)科，比如有機(jī)化學(xué)和解剖學(xué)，還有一些我沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)的東西）”，對(duì)比信息，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theengineersinthislabspentseveralweeks（）theirplansforthenewbicycle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.counting

B.stripping

C.elaborating

D.casting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。count“計(jì)算總數(shù)，數(shù)數(shù)”；strip“剝?nèi)ィサ簟?；elaborate“精心制作，詳細(xì)闡述”；cast“投，拋”。句意：工程師們?cè)谶@個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里花了數(shù)周時(shí)間（）新自行車(chē)計(jì)劃。能與plans搭配的只有C項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)說(shuō)明”。

5.單選題

Pleasecheckthecopy______theoriginalbeforehandingin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.against

C.over

D.AandB

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。checksth.against/withsth.表示“對(duì)照某物核對(duì)某物”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thecopy與theoriginal可知此處表示“對(duì)照原件核對(duì)該復(fù)印件”，因此選D。句意：交上來(lái)之前請(qǐng)把復(fù)印件和原件核對(duì)一下。

6.單選題

Afterconsideringvariousalternatives,wedecidedto______ouroriginalplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangon

B.holdto

C.taketo

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去，握住不放”，尤指不掛上電話(huà)以等待想要的或要求的事物；B項(xiàng)holdto“堅(jiān)持，緊握”，指堅(jiān)持某個(gè)看法或路線；C項(xiàng)taketo“喜歡，開(kāi)始從事”，D項(xiàng)seeto“注意，負(fù)責(zé)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞originalplan“原來(lái)的計(jì)劃”結(jié)合前半句句子意思“在考慮了各種替代方案后”可知，空格部分表示“堅(jiān)持”，所以只有B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：考慮了各種可選擇的方案后，我們決定堅(jiān)持原來(lái)的計(jì)劃。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling（）allday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的，卑鄙的”；worried“擔(dān)心的”；wrecked“失事的；迷幻的”；wicked“邪惡的，惡劣的，不道德的”。句意：我覺(jué)得我染上流感了，因?yàn)槲艺旄杏X(jué)不舒服。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（

）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)unbiased“公正的，無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的”；B選項(xiàng)manipulated“操作”；C選項(xiàng)distorted“扭曲的”；D選項(xiàng)conveyed“傳達(dá)”。

句意：當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備你的演講時(shí)，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息來(lái)源和例子。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavebeencreated

B.tobecreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.beingcreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。as在這里是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞性質(zhì)的詞，排除A、B，create的動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，排除D。句意：不應(yīng)把我們的文明看作是短期內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

—Doyouregretpaying500dollarsforyournecklace?

—No.Iwouldgladlypay（）forit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.twotimesasmuch

B.twiceasmany

C.twiceasmuch

D.astwiceasmuch

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你后悔花500美元買(mǎi)這條項(xiàng)鏈嗎？不！即使價(jià)格再貴一倍，我也會(huì)愿意買(mǎi)。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾楸稊?shù)。倍數(shù)比較的表達(dá)為:倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as?！皟杀丁睉?yīng)該用“twice”。句中的比較級(jí)是修飾“錢(qián)”,因此形容詞應(yīng)該用“much”。

11.翻譯題

41.我們必須全面深化改革，以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。

42.盡管財(cái)政收入增速放緩，支出壓力加大，但我們要堅(jiān)持以人為本，持續(xù)增加民生投入。

43.在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)積極推廣政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式。

44.我們要全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)，加快建設(shè)法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府。

45.中國(guó)節(jié)能環(huán)保市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，它可以成為新興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

12.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放縱、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一個(gè)問(wèn)題越發(fā)常見(jiàn)：沉寂多年的通貨膨脹，會(huì)否在2016年突然爆發(fā)。畢竟，自從2007年以來(lái)，拖累經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的債務(wù)問(wèn)題正在消退；美國(guó)、英國(guó)和德國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)日趨緊張；房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)正蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)；最近美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)近十年來(lái)第一次提高利率。

37.如果發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的債務(wù)不再是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就會(huì)隱現(xiàn)在新興市場(chǎng)，過(guò)度借貸迫使價(jià)格下降而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力過(guò)剩。巴西等商品出口國(guó)出現(xiàn)了通貨膨脹，貨幣已經(jīng)貶值。但是全球通貨膨脹是部分發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的瓶頸期和新興市場(chǎng)的輸入型通貨緊縮之間的拉鋸戰(zhàn)，而持久的價(jià)格下跌或停滯看來(lái)還會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。

38.事實(shí)證明，這是一個(gè)代價(jià)高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油賣(mài)85美元才能支撐公共支出，需要賣(mài)60美元才能維持收支平衡。然而，最近油價(jià)在回升之前跌破36美元，創(chuàng)11年新低。

39.如果生產(chǎn)力持續(xù)疲軟，失業(yè)率可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步下降。與此同時(shí)，新興市場(chǎng)的緩慢增長(zhǎng)可能會(huì)給大宗商品價(jià)格和貨幣帶來(lái)下行壓力。強(qiáng)勢(shì)美元已在美國(guó)制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)之間造成了裂痕。進(jìn)一步升值將使美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)更難推動(dòng)進(jìn)一步加息。

13.單選題

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的render“給予某物作為報(bào)償或用以交換，回報(bào)，歸還”；B選項(xiàng)的secure“將某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)的seek“尋找，探索”；D選項(xiàng)的furnish“提供，陳設(shè)，布置”。根據(jù)句意‘在采訪中，市長(zhǎng)通過(guò)報(bào)道對(duì)其他城市的人在該市遭受了幾次地震襲擊后給予市民的及時(shí)的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感謝’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。geton“上車(chē)；進(jìn)展”；getthrough“通過(guò)；度過(guò)”；getover“克服；恢復(fù)”；getby“獲得認(rèn)可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話(huà)，大多數(shù)人都不能度過(guò)一天。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.翻譯題

中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家的合作是互利的。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國(guó)人民的生活，也為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)提供了新的推動(dòng)力，為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)是一個(gè)潛力巨大的新興市場(chǎng)，西方國(guó)家技術(shù)先進(jìn)，資金雄厚，兩者經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性。西方一些國(guó)家對(duì)華采取歧視性的貿(mào)易政策，不僅損人，最終也會(huì)損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

16.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介詞短語(yǔ)搭配。沒(méi)有ontheporch這個(gè)搭配，排除選項(xiàng)A；onthethreshold“即將開(kāi)始”；ontheedgeof“在……的邊緣”；onthecourseof“在……的過(guò)程中”。句意：作為學(xué)校里最年輕的教授，布朗先生正處在輝煌事業(yè)的開(kāi)始階段。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Afterleavingcollege,theyoungman____onanewbusinesscareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.induced

B.facilitated

C.ignited

D.embarked

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.induced引誘B.facilitated促進(jìn)

C.ignited點(diǎn)燃；激起D.embarked開(kāi)始（新的或艱難的事情）

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞搭配與語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填動(dòng)詞搭配介詞on使用，空格處前后語(yǔ)義為“離開(kāi)大學(xué)后，這個(gè)年輕人____了新的商業(yè)生涯”。D選項(xiàng)embarked“開(kāi)始（新的或艱難的事情）”符合原句介詞搭配與語(yǔ)義銜接，embarkon“開(kāi)始（新的或艱難的事情）”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不與介詞on搭配使用，且不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】離開(kāi)大學(xué)后，這個(gè)年輕人開(kāi)始了新的商業(yè)生涯。

18.單選題

Thecultleadertriedto（）peoplebymakingpromiseshecouldn’tpossiblykeepinordertogettheirmoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.render

B.chide

C.preamble

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)render“致使；提出；實(shí)施；著色”；B選項(xiàng)chide“責(zé)罵；斥責(zé)”；C選項(xiàng)preamble“作序文（或?qū)а浴㈤_(kāi)場(chǎng)白等）”；D選項(xiàng)exploit“開(kāi)發(fā)，開(kāi)拓；剝削；開(kāi)采”。句意：這個(gè)邪教領(lǐng)袖為了得到人們的錢(qián)而做出他不可能兌現(xiàn)的承諾，以此來(lái)剝削他們。。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Eyespots,themostrudimentaryeyes,arefoundinprotozoanflagellates,flatworms,andsegmentedworms.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.principal

B.perceptive

C.primitive

D.persistent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未發(fā)展的”；A項(xiàng)principal“主要的，資本的”，B項(xiàng)perceptive“洞察力強(qiáng)的，思維敏捷的”，C項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，遠(yuǎn)古的”，D項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，堅(jiān)持不懈的”。句意：眼斑存在于原生動(dòng)物鞭毛蟲(chóng)、扁蟲(chóng)和分節(jié)蟲(chóng)中，是未發(fā)展的眼睛。根據(jù)句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未進(jìn)化的”意思，只有C項(xiàng)符合。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Goodsalesmenknowby（）thebestapproachtotakewithaparticularcustomer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bent

B.genius

C.instinct

D.faculty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bent“天賦，愛(ài)好”；B選項(xiàng)genius“天才，天賦”；C選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，直覺(jué)”；D選項(xiàng)faculty“能力，功能”。句意：優(yōu)秀的推銷(xiāo)員憑直覺(jué)就知道應(yīng)對(duì)特定客戶(hù)的最佳方法。由選項(xiàng)意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

21.單選題

Theacidrainattackstheleavesand_____theirwaxycoating.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolves

B.unsolved

C.dissolves

D.shoves

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)resolves“決定；決心要做”；B選項(xiàng)unsolved“未解決的；未解答的”；C選項(xiàng)dissolves“溶解；分解”；D選項(xiàng)shoves“擠；強(qiáng)使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨會(huì)侵蝕樹(shù)葉，……它們的蠟涂層。根據(jù)attackstheleaves（侵蝕樹(shù)葉）可推測(cè)acidrain（酸雨）的危害極大，A選項(xiàng)resolves（決定）不符合題意，B選項(xiàng)unsolved（未解決的）可排除，D選項(xiàng)shoves（擠）不符合題意，可排除，結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.我們清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，中國(guó)人口多，底子薄，城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡，資源環(huán)境約束加強(qiáng)，就業(yè)壓力增加，脫貧任務(wù)仍然很艱巨。中國(guó)已經(jīng)制定了未來(lái)五年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的藍(lán)圖，中國(guó)將堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題，以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，深化改革開(kāi)放，保障民生，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展和社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。

2.文化并不僅限于語(yǔ)言，它包含了智力、感情和感官。要知道自己的文化傾向，最準(zhǔn)確的指標(biāo)是我們的直覺(jué)反應(yīng)。語(yǔ)言是另一種重要指標(biāo)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有多少人會(huì)用第二外語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)突如其來(lái)的痛楚或愉悅；但我們也有明顯的非語(yǔ)言指標(biāo)，如對(duì)食物的偏愛(ài)。正因?yàn)檫@些反應(yīng)不受我們自己或別人的支配和偽裝，所以準(zhǔn)確度很高。

3.隨著工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，人類(lèi)使用化石能源創(chuàng)造了巨大的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，但同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了大量污染物和溫室氣體。全球能源、氣候變化和環(huán)境問(wèn)題越來(lái)越突出，成為人類(lèi)面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。代表們?cè)谶@次會(huì)議上就這個(gè)重大戰(zhàn)略性問(wèn)題交換看法，反映出本地區(qū)國(guó)家加強(qiáng)合作，應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的愿望和決心。

【答案】1.WearefullyawarethatChinaremainsadevelopingcountrywithlargepopulation,weakeconomicfoundationandunevendevelopmentamongdifferentregions.Itfacesintensifyingresourcesandenvironmentalconstraints,increasingemploymentpressureandalongbattletoeradicatepoverty.Chinahasdrawnupablueprintforitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Itwillcontinuetofollowthescientificapproachtodevelopmentandfocusonacceleratingtransformationoftheeconomicdevelopmentpattern,inordertodeepenreformandopening-up,improvepeople’slivelihoodandensurethesteady,fastandlong-termeconomicgrowthandtheharmonyofthesociety.

2.Cultureisnotjustamatteroflanguage,itinvolvestheintellect,emotionsandsenses.Ourinstinctiveresponseisthemostaccurateindicatorofthetendencyofourculture.Andlanguageisanotherimportantindicator,sincefewpeoplewouldconveytheirfeelingsofsuddenpainandpleasureinasecondlanguage.Butclearlytherearenon-linguisticindicatorstoo,forexample,ourpreferenceforfood.Sincetheseresponsescannotbedominatedandcamouflagedbyourselvesorothers,theyhaveaveryhighdegreeofaccuracy.

3.Withtherapiddevelopmentofindustry,mankindhascreatedmaterialwealthbyusingfossilfuel，aswellaslotsofpollutantsandgreenhousegas.Theglobalpowersources,climatechangeandenvironmentalissuesaremoreandmoreprominentandhavebecomeachallengeforallthehumanbeings.Therepresentativesexchangetheiropinionsaboutthismajorstrategicproblematthemeeting,reflectingthedesireanddeterminationtoenhancethecooperationamongcountriesinthisregion.

23.單選題

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（

）forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.award

B.compensation

C.prize

D.reward

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:為抓捕逃犯提供信息，警方將高額賞金。

award獎(jiǎng)金，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，通常與一段時(shí)間的成績(jī)和表現(xiàn)相關(guān)；compensation補(bǔ)償，賠償，一般與損失相關(guān)；prize獎(jiǎng)賞，獎(jiǎng)金，一般與競(jìng)賽或比賽相關(guān)；reward報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)賞，一般與勞動(dòng)、服務(wù)、支持和幫助相關(guān)。

24.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regime

B.prestige

C.superiority

D.legislature

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)regime“政權(quán)；政體；社會(huì)制度；管理體制”；B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望；聲望；聲譽(yù)”；C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)勢(shì)”；D選項(xiàng)legislature“立法機(jī)關(guān)；立法機(jī)構(gòu)”。句意：在一個(gè)給予那些有進(jìn)取心且相當(dāng)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的人很多聲譽(yù)的社會(huì)里，大衛(wèi)傾向于認(rèn)為自己無(wú)用且不被該社會(huì)所需要。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

OverthecenturiesboththeNileandthedesertsandsimperceptiblyshifted,andthistemplewaslosttotheworlduntil1813,whenitwasaccidentallyrediscoveredbytheSwissexplorerJeanLouisBurckhardt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormously

B.unstably

C.progressively

D.unnoticeably

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormously“巨大地；非常地”；B選項(xiàng)unstably“不穩(wěn)定地”；C選項(xiàng)progressively“漸進(jìn)地；日益增多地”；D選項(xiàng)unnoticeably“不引人注意地；不顯著地”。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，尼羅河和沙漠的沙子都……變化著，這座寺廟直到1813年才被世人所知，后來(lái)它被瑞士探險(xiǎn)家偶然地發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)寺廟所發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間可知，尼羅河和沙漠的沙子移動(dòng)的非常緩慢，以至于寺廟是在之后的一大段時(shí)間才展露出來(lái)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

26.翻譯題

It’snobletoseektruth,anditisbeautifultofindit.Itistheancientfeelingofthehumanheart,thatknowledgeisbetterthanriches;anditisdeeplyandsacredlytrue.Tomarkthecourseofhumanpassionsastheyhaveflowedonintheagesthatarepast;toseewhynationshaverisen,andwhytheyhavefallen;tospeakofheat,andlight,andthewinds;toknowwhatmanhasdiscoveredintheheavensaboveandintheearthbeneath…….Itisworthwhileinthedaysofouryouthtostrivehardforthisgreatdiscipline.Amanwhodedicateshislifetoknowledge,becomeshabituatedtopleasurewhichcarrieswithitnoregret.

【答案】追求真理是高尚的，發(fā)現(xiàn)真理是美好的。知識(shí)勝于財(cái)富，這是人類(lèi)心靈的一種古老的感覺(jué);這是千真萬(wàn)確的。它記錄人類(lèi)激情的歷程，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谶^(guò)去的年代里一直在流動(dòng)；它看國(guó)家為何興起，為何衰落。它提起熱、光和風(fēng)；它知道人類(lèi)在天上地下都發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么…….在我們年輕的時(shí)候，為這門(mén)偉大的學(xué)科而努力奮斗是值得的。一個(gè)把一生獻(xiàn)給知識(shí)的人，就會(huì)習(xí)慣于它帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣而不后悔。

27.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedtoreadthefollowingshortpassagefirstandthentowriteacompositionentitled''WhichoneDoYouThinkIsMoreImportant,PleasureorLongevity?"Youshouldnotcopyanyofthesentencesinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldwritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（15%）（Justforyourreference）

Peoplearealmostphobic（恐懼癥）abouthavingfun.increasinglyviewingthemselvesasfragile,vulnerable,readytodevelopcancerorheartdiseaseattheslightestprovocation（刺激）.Inthenameofhealth,peoplegiveupmanyoftheirlifeenjoyments.Wehavenoquarrelwiththeevidencethatsomepleasures,likecigarettesmoking,highalcoholconsumption,addictivedrugs,drivingmuchtoofast,areunhealthyandshouldbeknockedoff.Butworryingtoomuchaboutanythingincludingcalories,salt,cancer,andcholesterol（膽固醇）canrobyourlifeofvitality.Livingoptimistically,withpleasure,zest,andcommitmentenrichesifnotlengthenslife.

Doyouagreetotheabovepointofview?Whichonedoyouthinkismoreimportant,pleasureorlongevity（長(zhǎng)壽）?GiveyourowncommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

28.單選題

Farmingisstilltheworld'sgreatestindustry.Onaverage,overhalfofthepopulationspendtheirlivesploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcrops,andraisinganimalswhichprovideuswithmeat,milk,eggs,wool,leather,andmanyotherproducts.Traditionalfarming,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.Buttraditionalmethodscannotproduceenoughfoodtocopewiththegreatexplosioninpopulation.

Onlywithmodernmethodsoffarming——usingmachinestoreplacemenandanimals,artificialfertilizerstoenrichthesoil,andchemicalstokeepweedsanddiseasesundercontrol,canmanhopetoavoidacatastrophicworldfoodshortage.FormingmethodsarewelladvancedinmostpartsofEuropeandNorthAmerica,andfarmerselsewherearebeinghelpedbysuchorganizationsastheUnitedNationsFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)tomodernizeasquicklyaspossible.

Machineryhasbroughtaboutthegreatestrevolutioninfarming.Byfarthemostimportantmachineisthetractor,whichisusedforpullingmanykindsofimplements——ploughstobreakupthesoil,drillstosowtheseeds,trailerstocarrymanure,andsoon.Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery,suchasmowingmachines,andpotatoharvesters.

Thestandardtypeoftractorhastwomassivewheelsattherearandtwosmallonesatthefront,butthosedesignedfortravelingoverheavygroundorforpullingheavyloadshavecaterpillarorcrawlertracks.Tractorssupplypowertodriveothermachineryeitherthroughapulleywheeldrivenbytheengineorbymeansofwhatiscalledpowertake-off(p.t.o).Inp.t.o.drive,themovingpartofthemachinethetractorispulling,suchastheknifebladeofamower,isturneddirectlybyashaftdrivenbytheengine.

Amongthemanyotherfarmmachines,combineharvestersareprobablythemostimportant.Theyaresocalledbecausetheycombinetheactionsofreapingandthreshing.Cerealsarethemain,butnottheonlycropsthatareharvestedwiththecombine.Peasandbeanscanalsobeharvestedwithit.

Growingplantstaketheirnourishmentfromthesoil.Theyneedcertainessentialelements,particularlycalcium,nitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium,iftheyaretogrowwell.Itstandstoreasonthataftereverycroptherewillbelessoftheseelementsremaininginthesoilforasubsequentcrop.Toensureagoodcropeverytime,farmersapplyfertilizerstothesoilbeforeplantingtoreplacetheessentialelementsthepreviouscropremoved.

Thefarmer'straditionalfertilizerisfarm-yardmanure,arottedmixtureofdungandstraw.Itimprovesthetextureofthesoilaswell.Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodernfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.Thereareavarietyofartificialfertilizers,eachsupplyingcertainoftheessentialelements.Sulphateofammoniasuppliesnitrogen,superphosphateoflimesuppliesphosphorus,bonemealsuppliesbothnitrogenandphosphorus,sulphateofpotashsuppliespotassium,andtherearemany,manymore.Superphosphateisprobablyoneofthemostwidelyusedofallthefertilizers.Limeisalsoaddedtothesoilonalargescale.Itisvaluablenotonlyasafertilizerbutalsoasasoilconditioner.

Ofcourse,stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthmakestheweedsgrowbetter,too!Fortunatelythechemisthascometotheaidoffarmersanddevelopedselectiveweed-killers,properlycalledherbicides,forusewiththeircrops.Herbicideshaveaselectiveactioninthattheykilltheweedsbutleavethecropunharmed.Theyareusedparticularlywiththecerealcrops.Chemistshavealsodevelopedawiderangeoffungicidestokillfungusdiseases,suchaspotatoblightorrustnwheat,whichcoulddevastatethecrops.Farmerswagecontinualwaragainstinsects,too.Maggots,beetles,andweevilscandountolddamageiftheyarenotchecked.Again,modernsciencehasproducedpowerfulinsecticidestoprotectcropsagainstinsectattack.

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