考研考博-英語-廣東科貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東科貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Hehadbeenillformonths,andweweredisturbedbyhis______complexion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dark

B.sallow

C.fair

D.white

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dark“黑暗的；深色的”；B選項(xiàng)sallow“（人的皮膚或面色）蠟黃色的”；C選項(xiàng)fair“白皙的”；D選項(xiàng)white“白色的”。句意：他病了好幾個月了，我們?yōu)樗鸰_____而不安。根據(jù)語境，這里指生病許久，身體應(yīng)該是虛弱的，B選項(xiàng)sallow“（人的皮膚或面色）蠟黃色的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Inthefilmwesawlastnight,thehero（）hiswifetodeathwithhissword.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.throat

B.thrust

C.trust

D.thread

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近異義動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)throat“用嗓音說”；B選項(xiàng)thrust“插入，猛刺”；C選項(xiàng)trust“信任”；D選項(xiàng)thread“通過，穿線于”。句意：在我們昨晚看的電影中，英雄用劍刺死了他的妻子。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

3.單選題

Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson'sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythat,afteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson'strueabilityandaptitude.

Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn'tmatterthatyouweren'tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon'tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof'drop-outs':youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?

Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.

Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge'sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer's.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson'strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:'Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.”

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Theauthor'sattitudetowardexaminationsis（）.

3.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis（）.

5.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation.

B.examinationsareineffective.

C.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutions.

D.examinationsareaburdenonstudents.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.detest.

B.approval.

C.critical.

D.indifferent.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.education.

B.institutions.

C.examinations.

D.studentsthemselves.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.toencouragestudentstoreadwidely.

B.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown.

C.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams.

D.tomasterhisfate.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toexemplify.

B.Tomakecomparisons.

C.Toimplytheresultsofcourtaremoreeffective.

D.Tosuggestthatteachers’evolutionsdependontheresultsofexams.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段就提及考試并不能測出一個人真正的能力和才能。接著后面的段落又講到了考試帶來的消極影響，比如制造焦慮，沒有鍛煉學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考的能力，是管理考試機(jī)構(gòu)有利可圖的一項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)。由此可知，本文主要講的是考試對教育產(chǎn)生了有害的影響。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)上一題可知文章中大部分內(nèi)容都是在講考試對教育產(chǎn)生壞的影響，說明作者對考試是持反對態(tài)度的。A選項(xiàng)detest“厭惡，嫌棄”有點(diǎn)言過其實(shí)，并且不符合語法規(guī)則，detest是動詞，填空處應(yīng)填入名詞或形容詞；B選項(xiàng)approval“認(rèn)可，贊成”；C選項(xiàng)critical“批評的”；D選項(xiàng)indifferent“漠不關(guān)心的”。只有選項(xiàng)C最恰當(dāng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第三、四句“Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.在我們的社會中，它們(考試)是成功或失敗的標(biāo)志。你的整個未來可能在某一天被決定。”由此可知，孩子們的未來是由考試決定的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.除了其他方面以外，良好的教育應(yīng)該訓(xùn)練你獨(dú)立思考?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為良好的教育最重要的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.作者意圖題。題目問的是作者為什么要提及法院，原文最后一段中提到“Afterajudge'sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer's.在法官裁決后，你有上訴的權(quán)利，但在主考人閱卷之后，你卻沒有這樣的權(quán)利?！庇纱丝梢钥闯觯髡哌@里是將法官和主考官進(jìn)行對比，以此來說明雖然他們說的話都很有分量，但導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果卻是截然不同的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

ProfessorSmithandBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.alternate

C.change

D.alter

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。differ“與……不同”；alternate“交流，輪流，交替發(fā)生”；change“改變”；alter“改變，更改，修改”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授輪流上課。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（

）.

2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased

C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics

D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahighersenseofsecurity

B.lesssecuredpayments

C.lesschancetoinvest

D.aguaranteedfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass

C.compensateforthereducedpensions

D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks

B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges

C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff

C.TheMiddleClassinConflict

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在，一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷，或者配偶的消失，都可能在幾個月內(nèi)把一個穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況變化的影響”正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時間里，布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮π钯~戶模式，即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報(bào)進(jìn)行交易?！庇纱丝芍狟選項(xiàng)“不安全的薪酬”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對成本和家庭承擔(dān)的份額都上升了，而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲蓄計(jì)劃正從立法機(jī)構(gòu)蔓延到沃爾瑪員工，免賠額大大提高，家庭未來醫(yī)療保健的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也增加了?！庇纱丝芍狣選項(xiàng)“增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開始，政治方面的影響可能也不遠(yuǎn)了?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)問題可能會帶來政治問題”正確。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變，面臨著一系列危機(jī)，由此可判斷B項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級在懸崖上”符合題意。

6.單選題

（

）

foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。虛擬語氣的從句可以省略if，采用倒裝形式，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn’talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples;onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?

Pat,Nixon’swifeof53,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofthespouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?

“Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeelingusandtakingcareofus,”saysKnulHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth,“thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.”InoneoftheseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityratesasmenwho’dneverbeenwidowed.

Women’shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.

Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect.“Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,”saysGeraldDavision,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon’scase,Davisionspeculates,“thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit.”Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse’swilltolive;suicideratesareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.

Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.“Mortality,”saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,“ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-supportsystem,whodon’tfeelthey’repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey‘fitin’somewhere.Andthat’smorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen.”“Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,”saysBlazer.“Apersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormalhabitslikesleepingandeating,”hesays.“Theydon’thavetheotherpersontoorientthem,likewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalk?Yourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse’spattern,soitdeteriorates.”Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-orevenfirstweek—weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionandaboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.

6.ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.

7.Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.

8.Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.

9.Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.

10.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.73

B.81

C.77

D.65

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.causedbyhisheartdisease

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeath

C.theinevitableresultofoldage

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccident

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlives

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectancies

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowed

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’death

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.losehisorherfriends

B.diminishsocialactivities

C.bevulnerabletoillness

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scare

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriage

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriage

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriage

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.從文中可知，RichardNixon去世時年齡為____。

A.73A.73歲

B.81B.81歲

C.77C.77歲

D.65D.65歲

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardNixondied定位到原文第一段。本段第3句提到“這位前總統(tǒng)活了81歲（hisfourscoreandone）”，由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“81歲”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“73歲”、C選項(xiàng)“77歲”、D選項(xiàng)“65歲”均不符合原文表述。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.據(jù)研究喪親之痛的研究人員稱，RichardNixon的去世可能是____。

A.causedbyhisheartdiseaseA.是由心臟病引起的

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeathB.與他妻子的死有間接聯(lián)系

C.theinevitableresultofoldageC.老年的必然結(jié)果

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccidentD.是由一場無法解釋的事故造成的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題要求選的是研究人員的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞researcherswhostudybereavement可定位到原文第1段第2-3句，該句提到“研究喪親之痛的研究人員（researcherswhostudybereavement）”想知道Nixon的去世“僅僅是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)活到81歲了（merelyrunhisfourscoreandone）”，還是因?yàn)椤跋萑肓艘环N長期以來困擾著已婚夫婦的模式（fallenvictimtoapattern）：一個配偶很快就會跟著另一個進(jìn)入墳?zāi)梗╫nespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave）”，而且原文第2段第1句提到“Nixon的妻子久病后在前一年六月去世（died）?！辈⑶业?段第4句提到“研究人員長期以來觀察到（havelongobserved），配偶特別是妻子的去世，有時會伴隨悲傷的幸存者過早死亡（followedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor）”。綜上所述，根據(jù)研究人員的研究內(nèi)容推測，他們認(rèn)為Nixon去世可能與他妻子的死有關(guān)，B選項(xiàng)“與他妻子的死有間接聯(lián)系”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是由心臟病引起的”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到他“有嚴(yán)重的心臟病病史（hadahistoryofseriousheartdisease）”，但這不是研究人員認(rèn)為的原因；

C選項(xiàng)“老年的必然結(jié)果”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到“他已經(jīng)老了（hewaselderly）”，但這也不是研究人員認(rèn)為的原因；

D選項(xiàng)“是由一場無法解釋的事故造成的”,原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.在關(guān)于喪親之痛的研究中，Helsing發(fā)現(xiàn)____。

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlivesA.再婚的男人過著更健康的生活

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectanciesB.未婚男性的預(yù)期壽命最長

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowedC.再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’deathD.寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hisresearchonbereavement和Helsing定位到原文第3段最后一句，該句提到“他發(fā)現(xiàn)再婚的鰥夫與從未喪偶的男性一樣有較低死亡率（thesamelowermortalityrates）。”由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“再婚的男人過著更健康的生活”，原文并未提及，并且沒有明確比較對象，不符合題意，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“未婚男性的預(yù)期壽命最長”，原文并未提及，不是Helsing的研究內(nèi)容，不符合題意，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響”，不是Helsing的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，并且根據(jù)原文第4段第1句的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)表述錯誤，該句提到“失去配偶后，婦女的健康和恢復(fù)能力也可能受到影響（sufferafterthelossofaspouse）。”

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，配偶的死亡可以導(dǎo)致幸存的一方____。

A.losehisorherfriendsA.失去朋友

B.diminishsocialactivitiesB.減少社交活動

C.bevulnerabletoillnessC.容易生病

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scareD.拒絕孩子的照顧

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto定位到原文第4段最后一句，該句提到“早期的研究表明，喪偶者免疫力下降（reducedimmunity）”；原文第5段第2句提到“各種可能有害的醫(yī)療問題都可能惡化（beworsened）。”由此可知，失去配偶的一方，免疫能力下降，現(xiàn)有的疾病容易惡化，C選項(xiàng)“容易生病”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失去朋友”，可定位到原文第6段第3句，該句提到“男性沒有女性那么多親密的友誼（tendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen）”，由此可知，原文并不是說“失去配偶的人會失去朋友”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“減少社交活動”，可定位到原文第6段第1句，該句提到“參與生活（Involvementinlife）有助于延長生命?！钡?段最后一句提到“他們（子女們）可以確保他或她在社交（socializing）”。由此可知，原文表達(dá)的是讓失去配偶的一方參與生活，進(jìn)行社交，這樣有利于延長壽命，并沒有說“失去配偶的人會減少社交”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

D選項(xiàng)“拒絕孩子的照顧”，原文第6段倒數(shù)第2句提到，專家建議“成年子女、兄弟姐妹和朋友們需要特別關(guān)注（payspecialattention）新近喪偶的父母?！痹牟]有說“失去配偶的人會拒絕孩子的照顧”，反而說孩子們要多關(guān)注他們，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

10.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.文章中暗示，鰥夫或寡婦遭受配偶死亡的痛苦，因?yàn)樗麄僟___。

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriageA.婚姻期間沒有獨(dú)立的準(zhǔn)備

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriageB.婚姻期間不能照顧自己

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriageC.婚姻期間不愿與他人交往

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriageD.在婚姻中過于沉溺

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干，本題詢問的是“鰥夫或寡婦因配偶死亡而痛苦”的原因。通讀全篇可知，本文主要論述“失去配偶的一方也容易跟著去世”，原文第6段倒數(shù)第3句提到“在婚姻中保持強(qiáng)烈的獨(dú)立意識（Astrongsenseofseparateidentity）和不過度依賴（lackofover-dependency）是有幫助的?！庇纱送茢?，他們痛苦的原因可能是過度依賴配偶，突然失去，難以接受，D選項(xiàng)“在婚姻中過于沉溺”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“婚姻期間沒有獨(dú)立的準(zhǔn)備”，原文說他們在婚姻期間不夠獨(dú)立，不是說“他們在婚姻期間沒有為獨(dú)立做準(zhǔn)備”，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“婚姻期間不能照顧自己”，可定位到原文第3段，第1句提到了約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院（theJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth）的流行病學(xué)家KnulHelsing的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為“部分原因（Partofthestory）是男人們太習(xí)慣了讓女人（sousedtoladies）感受、照顧我們，以至于失去妻子后，就會崩潰（gotopieces），不知道如何照顧自己（don’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves）?！庇纱丝芍荒苷疹欁约嚎赡苁泅姺騻兺纯嗟脑?，不是寡婦們痛苦的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“婚姻期間不愿與他人交往”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

8.翻譯題

ThenecessaryurbandevelopmentofourcitiesmustbecompatiblewiththeconservationoftheCulturalandHistoricalPatrimony.Thisisparticularlytrueinthecaseofthosecities,numerousintheIberianPeninsulaandEurope,thataretheresultofalonghistoricaltradition,oftenuninterruptedduringalmosttwothousandyears.（1）ThepreservationoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonyinthesecities,however,coniesupagainstconflictsdifficulttoresolve，withverydifferineandopposedpositions:thedemandandthepriceoftheground,theliamioniousdevelopmentofthecity,thepresenceofinfrastructuresandservices,theaspirationofthecitizenstoworthyhousing,thebusinessprojectsofthepromotersortheworkingplansoftheconstructors.

ThecommonresourceestablishedtosolvetheseconflictsisUrbanPlanning.（2）Arcliaeolouvmusttakepartactivelyintheelaborationofthisplanning，anduseitsabilitiespositivelytopreventarchaeologicalproblemsandlookforanacceptablesolutionfi.onithepointofviewoftheprotectionoftheArchaeologicalPatrimonywithregai'dtourbandevelopment.（3）Lainentablv，archaeologyfrequentlyignoresthepossibilitiesofthiscourseofactionanddoesnothavetheresourcesnecessarytousetheurbanstandardandtheplanningfiguresasothermethodologicalinstruments(alongsidethosetraditionallyusedarchaeology)tosolvethearchaeologicalimpactofurbandevelopment.

（4）Giventhattheplanningfiguresarethemostefficientwavofregulatingthegroundplanandclassifyandorganizetheterritory,theyarealsoausefulinstrumentfororganizinganactionofurbanArchaeologicalPatrimonywithintheplan.Thisoutliningmustextendfromtheelementunderprotectiontowardsitssurroundings,andmustseektheconservationofthatspace,aswellasguaranteethecontroloftheagentsoractivitiesthatmayactnegativelyuponthem.（5）Theadequateorganizationofthesespacesneedsnotonlytoapplytheexistinggroundlegislation,butalsodevelopineachparticularcase(whetheracityorasuperiororganiziii2community)adefinedregulation.Thisregulation,adaptedtothespecificationoftheelementsandsurroundingstobeprotected,providesanadequateorganizationofthespacesthat,duetotheirownhistoricalvaluesandpotentialsocialfunction,thusrequireit.Toachievethis,itwillbenecessarytonotonlylimittheiruse,butalsotoestablishsolutionsfortheirmanagementand,even,fortheirsocio-culturaluse.

【答案】1.然而，這些城市的考古遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)遇到了難以調(diào)和的沖突，其中包括一些非常不同，甚至對立的觀點(diǎn)。

2.考古學(xué)（家）必須積極參與城市規(guī)劃方案的制定，并積極地利用其影響力來阻止考古相關(guān)的問題。而且，在城市開發(fā)方面，必須從保護(hù)歷史遺產(chǎn)的角度來尋求可接受的解決辦法。

3.可惜，考古學(xué)經(jīng)常忽視這一行動的可能性，他們?nèi)狈Ρ匾馁Y源將城市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)劃數(shù)字用作其他方法學(xué)工具（與傳統(tǒng)考古學(xué)一樣）,以解決城市開發(fā)對考古學(xué)造成的沖擊。

4.假使規(guī)劃數(shù)據(jù)是規(guī)定土地使用和對用地進(jìn)行劃分以及管理的最有效的途徑，它們也可以成為在規(guī)劃范圍內(nèi)組織城市歷史遺址保護(hù)行動的有效手段。

5.為了對這些地的空間進(jìn)行充分管理，不僅需要應(yīng)用現(xiàn)成的一些規(guī)范，還要針對每一種具體情況（無論是一座城市還是高級的組織社區(qū)）制定特殊規(guī)定。

9.單選題

Don’ttalk____youareeating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.when

C.as

D.assoonas

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.while當(dāng)……時候B.when當(dāng)……時候

C.as正當(dāng)……時候D.assoonas一……就……

【考查點(diǎn)】時間連詞的辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“吃飯的時候不要說話”，“說話”和“吃飯”都是延續(xù)性動作，并且從句部分“吃飯的時候”使用的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，。因此，時間連詞應(yīng)該使用A選項(xiàng)while“當(dāng)……時候”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)when的用法：①表示“每當(dāng)……時候”，暗示一種規(guī)律性的情況時；②主句是一個暫時性動作，從句是一個延續(xù)性動作；

C選項(xiàng)as的用法：①主從句表示的兩個同時進(jìn)行的動作含有“一邊……一邊……”的意思時；②兩個正在發(fā)展變化的情況，相當(dāng)于“隨著”；③主句是一個暫時性動作，從句是一個延續(xù)性動作；

D選項(xiàng)assoonas“一……就……”，表示兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】吃飯的時候不要說話。

10.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

眾所周知，莎士比亞(Shakespeare)是英國著名的偉大作家，在很多國家，他的許多作品擁有眾多讀者。我想大家都看過他的著名作品《羅米歐與朱麗葉》（RomeoandJuliet),他們之間的愛情令人永生難忘。朱麗葉似乎舍不得羅米歐離開她，正像羅米歐不愿意離開他的朱麗葉一樣，對于情人來說，最甜蜜的音樂就是他們在夜間互吐衷腸的聲音。

我們每個人都應(yīng)活在這個充滿愛的世界里，因此，我們每時每刻都需要你的關(guān)愛、你的祈禱和鼓勵。我們要相互尊重，相互幫助。我們必須珍惜人生，珍惜生命。因?yàn)樯鼘γ總€人來說都只有一次。所以我們都要過一種有意義的生活。如果人生的不幸降臨到你的頭上，請你也不要放棄，你一定要勇敢地生活，戰(zhàn)勝疾病。幸福永遠(yuǎn)屬于那些對生命執(zhí)著追求的人。

【答案】Asisknowntoall,ShakespeareisafamousandgreatBritishwriter,withnumerousreadersinmanycountries.I’msurethateveryonehasalreadyreadhismasterpiece,RomeoandJuliet.ThelovebetweenRomeoandJulietisalwaysunforgettable.JulietseemstobereluctanttoletRomeogofromherasRomeoisunwillingtopartfromhisJuliet.Forlovers,thesweetestmusicisthesoundofeachother’stongueatnight.

Eachofusdeservestoliveinaworldoflove,soweneedyourlove,yourprayersandyourencouragement,mutualrespectandaidallthetime.Wemustcherishlife,forthereisonlyonelifeforeveryone.Therefore,thelifetimeshouldbespentinameaningfulway.Nomatterwhatkindofmisfortunebefallsyou,donotgiveup,instead,youmustlivebravelytoconquerdisease.Happinessalwaysbelongstothosewhopursuelifepersistently.

11.單選題

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對的”；A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ocal當(dāng)?shù)氐?；局部的；地方性的”；B選項(xiàng)unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常見的”；C選項(xiàng)good“好的；優(yōu)良的；愉快的”；D選項(xiàng)unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不順利的”。句意：由于天氣條件惡劣，旅行者們停下來露營。根據(jù)句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp這些旅客停下了去扎營”可知adverse在這里的意思為“不利的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.兩千余年來，絲綢之路作為中西交通的大動脈承載著中國與世界的交往、對話，彰顯著古代中國開放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“絲綢之路”一詞早已超越其歷史含義，成為一種精神象征，為當(dāng)今世界的和平與發(fā)展提供了價值典范。

2.談到美國文學(xué)時，不能斷言它與歐洲文學(xué)截然不同。廣義上說，美國和歐洲齊頭并進(jìn)。在任何時間，旅行者都會在兩地發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣風(fēng)格的建筑、相同式樣的服裝，書店出售相同的書籍。思想如同人和商品一樣會自由自在地跨越大西洋，盡管有時速度慢些。

3.當(dāng)人類逐漸了解自然，開始向自然索取并慢慢發(fā)展到企圖征服自然，并愈演愈烈時，自然的和諧與平衡便遭到毀壞?；哪牡貐^(qū)出現(xiàn)了，災(zāi)難性的洪水來臨了，連空氣和水質(zhì)也常受到污染，人類賴以生存的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)受到了破壞。

【答案】1.TheSilkRoad,asthetrafficarteryconnectingChinaandtheWest,hasbornetheweightofdialogueandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,andhasalsodemonstratedanopenculturalcharacterofancientChinaandimmortalcivilizationforovertwothousandyears.Nowadaysthewordofthe“SilkRoad”hasalreadyexceededitshistoricalmeaning,andbecomeaspiritualsymbol,providingamodelofvalueforthepeaceanddevelopmentofthepresentworld.

2.TospeakofAmericanliteraturewecan’tassertthatitisentirelydifferentfromEuropeanliterature.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehaveadvancedsidebyside.Atanytime,thetravelercouldfindthesamestylesinarchitecture,thesamepatternsindress,thesamebooksonthebookshopsintwodifferentplaces.ThoughtscanspantheAtlanticOceanasfreelyasmenandcommodities,althoughsometimesthespeedisslow.

3.Humanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Th