一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的講解與練習(xí)講解學(xué)習(xí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的講解與練習(xí)講解學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的講解與練習(xí)講解學(xué)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的講解與練習(xí)講解學(xué)習(xí)xxx公司一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的講解與練習(xí)講解學(xué)習(xí)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的講解與練習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的講解及練習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是英語中應(yīng)用最廣泛的時(shí)態(tài)之一，是英語語法重點(diǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示：1．經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。.Igotoschoolonfoot.Heisverybusynow.2．表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。.Hecanswim.Iworkhard.IlikewatchingTV.3．表示客觀真理。.Therearesevendaysinaweek.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.構(gòu)成1.

be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I

am

a

boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We

study

English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。

當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,

she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"或變“y”為“ies”如：Mary

likes

Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。Miss

Gu

teaches

us

English.

顧老師教我們英語。

She

studies

Chinese

every

day.她每天學(xué)習(xí)語文。第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則（1）

多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s:

runs

gets

likes

collets

takes

plays

climbs…….（2）結(jié)尾是s,

x,

sh,

ch,

o,前為輔音字母,

結(jié)尾加es

:

watches

teaches

goes

does

washes

crosses

mixes

（3）

動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:

將y改i加es:

study→studies

fly→flies

y前若為元音則直接加s:

buys

says練習(xí)題

1用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

like

____________

(swim).

_________(read)

English

every

day.

_________(go)to

school

at

seven

in

the

morning.(go)to

school

at

seven

in

the

morning.

mother________(like)

______(go)

shopping.6.Why__________Tom

absent

today

(

be

)(make)

a

model

plane.

you

________(like)_________(run)

he_________(like)_________(jump)

Nancy_________(grow)flowers

on

Saturday

teachers________(like)___________(dance).

teacher________(like)____________(dance).

students___________(speak)

English

in

class.

student_________(speak)

Chinese

after

class.

15.

_________you

study

English

at

school

Yes

,

I___________.

(

do

)16.

He_____________

like

swimming

.

(

not

)

其句式變化可分為兩種情況：1．含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化：.Dannyisagoodstudent.Dannyisn’tagoodstudent.IsDannyagoodstudent2．表示動(dòng)作，一般人稱作主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。.Theyhavelunchat12:00.Theydon’thavelunchat12:00.Dotheyhavelunchat12:00單三人稱做主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。.JennyspeaksEnglishverywell.Jennydoesn’tspeakEnglishverywell.DoesJennyspeakEnglishverywell▲其時(shí)間狀語為often、usually、always、sometimes等頻率副詞，onSaturdays、inthemorning(afternoonevening)、everyday等。＊常見錯(cuò)誤如下：一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中例：Weareplant(plant)thetreesinspring.解析：學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的，要看語法是不是正確，在英語中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動(dòng)作，兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：“英漢語言有差異，be、do不能放一起，仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析，語法千萬要牢記?！倍稳朔Q形式易出錯(cuò)例：1Heplaies(play)footballverywell.2Dannygos(go)toschoolat7:10.解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es；2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：1DoesJennyhas(has)agoodfriend2Briandoesn’tlives(notlive)inChina.答案：1Doeshave2doesn’tlive解析：單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí)，可記住如下口訣：“見助動(dòng)，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。.Hedidn'tgohomeyesterday.四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)例：Wedon’t(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.答案：don’tdo解析：do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有三個(gè)含義:a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱；b)是助動(dòng)詞，無實(shí)義；c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。五、對(duì)主語的數(shù)判斷有誤例：LiMingwithmeare(be)inBeijing.答案:is解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語，故用is.另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。自我檢測(cè)：(一)、單選1．Jenny____inanoffice.Herparents____inahospital.Awork;worksBworks;workCwork;areworkingDisworking;work2．Oneoftheboys_____ablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3．Wewillgoshoppingifit____tomorrow.Adon'trainBdidn'trainCdoesn'trainDisn'train4．Hesaidthesun____intheeastand____inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5．WangMei____musicandoften____tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen6．Jenny____Englisheveryevening.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied(二)、填空1IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_____(come)tovisit.2_____yoursister_____(know)English3Herhome_______________(遠(yuǎn)離)herschool.4Thepot_____(notlook)likeyoursverymuch.5Where_____you____(have)luncheveryday6Who_____(想要)togoswimming7______she_____(do)thehouseworkeveryday8JennyandDannyusually______(play)gamesintheafternoon.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。如：Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰見了他。一般過去式構(gòu)成：表示一般過去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過去式形式來表示，而動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。動(dòng)詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化如下：一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed，如：workedplayedwantedacted以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d，如：livedmoveddecidedhopedjudgedraised以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-ed，如：Studiedtriedcopiedcriedcarried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stoppedbeggeddraggeddroppedplanneddripped注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew一般過去式的用法：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如yesterday（昨天）、twodaysago…（兩天前……）、lastyear…（去年…）、theotherday（前幾天）、onceuponatime（過去曾經(jīng)）、justnow（剛才）、intheolddays（過去的日子里）、beforeliberation（解放前…）、WhenIwas8yearsold（當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)…）、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工廠工作。LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.雷鋒是個(gè)好戰(zhàn)士。句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定句IwatchedTVlastnight.2.否定句Ididn’twatchTVlastnight.3.一般疑問句DidyouwatchTVlastnightbe句型Therewasanappleonthetablelastnight.Therewasn’tanappleonthetablelastnight.Wasthereanappleonthetablelastnight一般過去時(shí)口訣一般過去時(shí)并不難，表示過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過去式，時(shí)間狀語句末站。否定句很簡單，didn't站在動(dòng)詞原形前，其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變，did放在句子前，主語、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡單，疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請(qǐng)注意，動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記。=1\*CHINESENUM3一．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate.3.Mary__________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.4.There_________(be)noonehereamomentago.5.I___________(call)Mikethismorning.6.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.7.Tom___________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.8.Lastweekwe_________(pick)manyapplesonthefarm.9.Mymother________________(notdo)houseworkyesterday.10.ShewatchesTVeveryevening.Butshe____________(notwatch)TVlastnight.11．________yourfather________(go)toworkeverydaylastyear12．--Whattime_______you_______(get)toBeijingyesterday--We__________(get)toBeijingat9:00intheevening.13.What__________(make)himcry(哭)justnow14.Lastyeartheteacher___________(tell)usthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.15.There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)16.There__________notenoughpeopletopickapplesthatday.(be)17.There_____________(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家鄉(xiāng))in1940.18.There____________enoughmilkathomelastweek,wasn’tthere19.Eli____________toJapanlastweek.(move)20.–When_______you_________(come)tochinaLastyear.21.Didshe________(have)supperathome22.Jack____________(notclean)theroomjustnow.23._________(be)itcoldinyourcityyesterday24.Howmanypeople________(be)thereinyourclasslastterm25.It________(be)hotyesterdayandmostchildren_______(be)outside.26.There________(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI_________(have)notimetowatchit.=2\*CHINESENUM3二．請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空。1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterdayNo,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)on