經(jīng)典替換72題加詞匯筆記

十七年英語一、二閱讀經(jīng)典同義詞替換題——Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearago seemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradeCommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldthey echaritablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies[C]werenotcharitablecorporations[D]wereinadesperatesituationflee[fli:]chron-詞根chronicledoomlaunch[l?:nt?,charityn.carev.關(guān)心sid-詞根：subsidizehasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunay,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,maynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.21.ItisimpliedinParagraph1thatnowadays.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferencesscorn[sk?ritualinflexiblemandatecountacademicgradeTherearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocal1authoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay.[A]allowgreaterernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthindicatev.，指indicationhint authorn.創(chuàng)始authorityChancelloroftheflexiblea.靈活的，柔韌elevatev.liftTheconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacuyfeuringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaketothinkwearerightnowsimplyexperiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinuetorestructureoureconomyinwayswecannotimmediayforesee.Accordingtotheparagraph,economicdownturnswould.[A]easethecompetitionofmanvs.machine[B]highlightmachines’threattohumanjobs[C]provokeapainfultechnologicalrevolution[D]outmodeourcurrenteconomicstructurerevolutionAc-詞根acutefrag-詞根fragilebustforpetn.寵物appetiteTherewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butteraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheU.S..[A]ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago[B]showsageneraltendencyofdecline[C]satisfiestherealneedofthejobless[D]islowerthanbeforethecess-詞根recessiontendv.朝向，傾tendencyleanv.傾斜declineManypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?[A]Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.[B]Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.[C]Thepossibilityoffullemployment.[D]Theaccelerationofjoboverlookjumpneg-neglectacceleratev.加Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit.[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense.[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental.[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptironn.a.ironyabsorbbuyavoidmockTherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose.”saidKhurana.33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto.[A]revivehistoricalterms[B]promotecompanyimage[C]fostercorporatecooperationcoachterm[t?fuse-詞根infusereligiousTheirthesis—thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact—wasbasedontheview-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.29.Theauthorsofthepaperbelievethat -generationstudents.[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatintervenev.potentialissue citeTheauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.generationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthe-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.28.Thestudysuggeststhatmost-generationstudents.[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport[D]havefailedtheircollegeinvolverecipientfinen.罰金v.罰financialgrant[ɡrɑYoungpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritize alfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto[A]favoraslowerlifepaceholdanoccupationattachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildrenoutsidethehomepriora.prioritizeonceadv.從前，曾advancesurveySowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviorhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime.”Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltime”canactuallywork,too—providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreading esthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedropbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread”,butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif. esyourprimarybusinessoftheday[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusinessschedulefuel riten.dipNegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“statesremaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid.29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesis.[A]thefederalernment[C]thelandowners[D]thestatesnegativea.消極的，否定negotiateinterimann-annualThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.S.FishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedncytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairiechickenasthreatenedis.[A]theinsistenceofpriva [B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulationcrash designatestatusdrastica.激烈的，猛烈ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessalconservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstateernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalaction,andwiththepriva andownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’sThe“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit.[A]wasagive-intoernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypowers[D]wentagainstconservationpoliciesarguetagconfrontv.遇見，遭遇 approach forgehabitn.habitatHowever,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethem esnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto.[A]completefuturejobtraining[B]remodelthewayofthinking[C]formulaogicalhypotheses[D]perfectartworkproductionastringchunkjobsremodelInall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR.“Weestimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabourorincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials,”saysoneresearcher.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany’sCSRhasanimpactontheircomesacrossasreliableincreasesthechanceofbeingconstitutespartoftheprosecutev.，告prosecutormeritinfluenceeliminatesubstancen.本質(zhì)concernbribeEvenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomaettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraphTheroleofthenobilityinmodernThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticThenobility’sadherencetotheirclaimdefensen.捍衛(wèi)bizarreAristotlenobilityResearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffectratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastItsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenThenecessaryamountofcompanies’spendingonitisCompanies’financialcapacityforithasbeenIthasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingrevealhaloamountIn2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowretainpeople’sinterestinliberaldefine ernment’sroleinkeepaleadingpositioninliberalidentifybene-詞根：benefactorinfluencen.，figureTheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthrougha’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatdon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparablegettingintoone’sgoingthroughone’slameInternetexplorewarrant comprehensionn.理解respondv.反應correspondencen.總統(tǒng)residenceReformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestaevelbodiesthaterntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strong.[B]therigidbodieserningtheprofession.[C]thesternexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.bodyserve-詞根employv.thestern hindrancerigid"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,"wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaii shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleoftheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiantheregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancientherappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhermono-前綴：manya.monarchesteembankruptn.者v.使eruptdestructv.毀壞destroyv.毀壞gigantica.巨大的，龐大giantchaosn.混沌cosmosOppositiontoescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlyitmayriskruiningtheirinlectualitremindsthemofahumiliatingtheirculturewillloseachanceoftheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunavocalsecretn.a.神秘sacredsupera.超級sovereign Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysical.Thekindsofinter althatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunay,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequite23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstodomesticandirregularanddurableandtrivialandchron-詞根chronicrandomdomesticwear-and-devastateStudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges－allthingsthat-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationStudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps [A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers[C]easefreshmen’sfinancialburdens[D]relievefreshmenofpressuresperformresponsen.strugglewithblowbrandblunderWithsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsarethereto alengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto [A]simplifyroutinematters[B]absorbuserattention[D]increaseworkefficiencytechnologyn.工藝技techdisengageroadn.routine ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.[B]theUKwillcontribu esstotheworldeconomy.[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.questionflowv.flawedmetren.measure defy[di'fai]InarareunanimousrulingtheUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiaernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whileincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstoernment.Theunderlinedsentence（Para.1）mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sdutiesmadenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethicsaniman.精神unanimousethicala.道德的，ethicsconductaccesscontemptn.鄙視Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityoftoernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesandonationoraalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsinernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourcesofwealth.Awakentheconscienceofofficials[B]Guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess[C]Allowforcertainkindsoflobbying[D]Inspirehopesi agepeoplepresentv.，呈playndonationapparenta.KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?21.Accordingtotheparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.dict-詞根abdicatescandalstandmonarchyEuropeanmagnificentreign Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchy’scontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.transcendenceinfestv.大批滋生infectv.傳染infestedcountera.相對supera.viv-詞根：生survivenon-controversialowev.owetoButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhem34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonour.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.recipientdemonstraterow[rau] legala.matchv.legitimacy[ldur-詞根：一段時enduranceGiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyonadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay[A]poseathreattoallitspeers[B]meetwithstrongopposition[C]increaseScience’scirculation.[D]setanexampleforotherjournalsboardlastingmodel approach Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminstead ethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.temptpiletortfinancialToday,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceandadistrustofcentralplanning—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,inlectualinvestigation.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorssupportiveoffreecautiousaboutinlectualconservativeaboutpublicbiasedagainstclassicalliberalportraytrayn.托盤，淺boundaryIn英特 biasedTwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionviolatedthesupportedthefederalstoodinfavourofthe robotn.機器robustoffencen.進攻defensegoingbackactThe8-0objectionto ObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slaws edwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstaawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestaawthatitdisagreeswith.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofoutweighsthatheldbytheisdependentonthestates’isestablishedbyfederalrarelygoesagainststaassertv.斷言prioritytothevalida.有法律效力barea.rarely['re?li] hasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedseekfavourfromthefederalacquireanextensionofitsbusinessgetpermissiontopurchaseapowercorporationplantlicensegopurchaseTheroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchasevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage“owned”mediabysending alertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Consumersmaycre