考研英語(yǔ)模擬320

［模擬］考研英語(yǔ)模擬320多項(xiàng)選擇Historiansofthewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatiswastheunavoidableoutcomeofconflicting 1 betweenNorthernandSouthern 2 .Thesecondblamesit 3「politicalleadersfor 4 toavertanunnecessarywar.Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslaverywasthe 5 causeofthewar,orasymptomofother,more 6 differences-especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineofstates，rights-betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeen 7 sincethe 8 oftheAmericanrepublic.Thefundamental 9 waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstatesbegantheprocessof 10 ,modernizingtheirsocietytomeetthedemandsofeconomicchange.In 11 ,thesloganofAbrahamLincoln，s 12 party,afreelabor,freeland,freeman,,encapsulatedtheideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograsptheopportunityforeconomicself-advancementinabooming,expandingsociety.TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly13botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflifeoftallwhitemansionsongreat 14 dependentonalaboursystemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.Americawas 15 dividedbyeconomicstructure,andwasledintofratricidalwarfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.ThemostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia，sadmissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were 16 ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtotheWest.TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlabourinthesamenewterritorieswheretheSouth 17 toperpetuateitstraditionalwayoflifeby 18 slavery.Theissuewasnottheslaveryalreadypractised,butthe 19 ofitsextension 20 theWest.第1題：A.benefitsprofitsinterestsvalues參考答案：C答案解析：interests利益，尤指整個(gè)團(tuán)體整體的利益，這里指南北兩州的集體利益。benefits好處；profits利潤(rùn)，益處；values價(jià)值。第2題：areasstatespartssides參考答案：B答案解析：states州。在美國(guó)歷史上，南北各州，在文章后兩段均有所提及。areas地區(qū)；parts部分；sides,雙方。第3題：inontowith參考答案：B答案解析：onoblamesthonsb,責(zé)備，歸咎（某事于某人）固定搭配。第4題：failingleadinginabilitatingavoiding參考答案：A答案解析：：failing,沒(méi)有能力將…。第二種將戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因歸咎于政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)沒(méi)能避免這場(chǎng)沒(méi)有必要的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。第5題：primarysubordinateinferioradditional參考答案：A答案解析：primary主要的，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的主要原因。subordinate次要的，下屬的；inferior次等的；additional另外的。第6題：apparenturgentseriouscritical參考答案：D答案解析：critical緊要的，關(guān)鍵性的。危急的。這里是列舉了一系列重要的原因。apparent明顯的；urgent緊急的；serious嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的。第7題：A.wideningB.developingworseningexaggerating參考答案：B答案解析：developing發(fā)展。這里指南北雙方之間的差異逐漸變得更為明顯。widening寬闊，一般指實(shí)物；worsen指情況的惡化。第8題：unionunificationformationD.settlement參考答案：C答案解析：formation,后半句是美利堅(jiān)聯(lián)合眾國(guó)的建立或形成。union,unification指聯(lián)合。聯(lián)合需有小部分的機(jī)構(gòu)，而這里不恰當(dāng)。settlement指人找住處居住。第9題：A.changeB.distinctionC.collisioncleavage參考答案：B答案解析：distinction區(qū)別。最基本的區(qū)別是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，此段提及北方經(jīng)濟(jì)，而下一段談的是南方截然不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)形式，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其中區(qū)別即distinction.第10題：modernizationcapitalizationindustrializationdevelopment參考答案：C答案解析：industrialization工業(yè)化。工業(yè)化進(jìn)程和社會(huì)的現(xiàn)代化modernization與后一分句的modern相重復(fù)，這里指的也是與南方經(jīng)濟(jì)相對(duì)的工業(yè)化。第11題：A.awordB.conclusionC.generalD.particular參考答案：D答案解析：：particularoinparticular尤其，這里林肯的講話是一個(gè)特例；inaword,inconclusion總結(jié)；ingeneral整體而言。第12題:RepublicanDemocraticLibertySocial參考答案：A答案解析：Republican共和黨。林肯為共和黨人；Democratic民主黨。第13題：A.agriculturalfarmingC?modernD.industrialized參考答案：A答案解析：agriculturalo農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)與上一段北方工業(yè)化進(jìn)程相對(duì)，這里stubbornly說(shuō)明南方仍堅(jiān)持一貫的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。第14題：A.farmsB.plantationsreservesstates參考答案：B答案解析：plantations種植園，greatplantations大莊園；farms農(nóng)場(chǎng)；reserves保留地；states州。第15題:thusaccordinglymoreoverhowever參考答案：A答案解析：thus因此；accordingly相應(yīng)地；moreover而且；however然而。第16題:typicalclassicaltruereal參考答案：A答案解析：typical典型的，加利福尼亞的幾個(gè)例子是南北雙方在西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的利益。第17題：longedlookedsoughtchased參考答案：c答案解析：sought。seekto追求，這里是說(shuō)當(dāng)北方希望在新領(lǐng)地中為獨(dú)立勞動(dòng)力尋找新土地時(shí)，南方卻希望在新土地上繼續(xù)實(shí)行蓄奴制。第18題：A.expandingB.extendingdevelopingadvocating參考答案：B答案解析：extending擴(kuò)展。extend一般指范圍疆域上的擴(kuò)展。而expand為抽象意義上的伸展；develop發(fā)展;advocate主張。第19題：existencepromiseC.perspectiveD.prospect參考答案：D答案解析：prospect前途、未來(lái)。already提示后面所說(shuō)的為將來(lái)展望，prospect成立。第20題：withintobyas參考答案：B答案解析：intOoextendinto伸展到某種地方，表示方向。多項(xiàng)選擇Peopletodayallovertheworldarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbythereleaseofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironment,orbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofnaturalsubstances,suchasoil,fromoiltankersintothesea.Thewholeindustrialprocess,whichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalance,ortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensibly,butclearlywhilemoreandmorenewgoodsare

producedandmadecomplex,therewillbenew,dangerouswastestobedisposedof,forexample,thewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeople,therefore,seepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblem,thatis,thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculture,wherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations!However,thelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingused,insomecases,tooheavily,andartificialfertilizerscannotrestorethebalance.Whateveritsunderlyingreasons,thereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifalotofcompanies,individualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.Inthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwaste,Foodcomes,wrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof,anddrinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortins,whichcannotbereused.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblem,butalsoisagreatwasteofresourcesintermsofglass,metalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbydissuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneed,butalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuying,excessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.dissuade[v.]勸阻underlyingecological[adj.]生sensibly[adv.]fertilizer［n.］dissuade[v.]勸阻underlyingecological[adj.]生sensibly[adv.][adj.]根本的artificial[adj.]人造的,假的態(tài)學(xué)的upset［v.］推翻，擾亂明顯地，敏感地第21題:Themaincauseofpollutionis?thereleaseofartificialornaturalsubstancesintotheenvironmenttheproductionofnewindustrialgoodsincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstanceD.ourever-increasingpopulation參考答案：A答案解析：第一段最后一句提到了污染的兩種主要來(lái)源：人造和天然物質(zhì)的排放。故選［A］。第22題：Thereleaseofoilfromoiltankersintotheseais.theonlysourceofpollutionakindofpollutioncausedbythereleaseofnaturalsubstancesC.ofworldwideconsequenceD.mostharmfultomankind參考答案：B答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段最后一句說(shuō)，石油泄漏是自然物質(zhì)泄漏的一種，故選［B］。第23題：Whatdoyouthinkwillupsettheenvironmentalbalance?Wasteproducts.Thewholeindustrialprocess.Manyofthegoods.Somemachinesweneedanduseinourdailylife.參考答案：A答案解析：推理判斷題。定位原文第二段"Thewholeindustrialprocess...isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalance...w,可以看出作者認(rèn)為廢棄物導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境失衡，所以選［A］。［B］本身并不會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致生態(tài)失衡，而是這一過(guò)程中生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)制環(huán)境失衡，［C］、［D］并沒(méi)有指出是awastegoodsormachines,因?yàn)橹挥袕U棄的產(chǎn)品才會(huì)破壞環(huán)境，如果產(chǎn)品本身可以循環(huán)利用則不會(huì)危害環(huán)境。第24題：Accordingtotheauthor,themorenewgoods.A.thelesspollutionwehaveB.theharderpollutioncanbedoneawaywithC.themorepollutiontherewillbeD.thehigherourlivingstandardwillbe參考答案：C答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第二句說(shuō)，生產(chǎn)更多的新產(chǎn)品，就會(huì)造成更多的污染產(chǎn)生,故選［C］。第25題：Whichofthefollowingcouldserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?Pollution—theNecessaryEvilTheCausesofPollutionPollutionandAgricultureAnti-pollutionNeedsYourEfforts參考答案：D答案解析：篇章主旨題。本文首先講了污染的來(lái)源，然后又對(duì)如何減少污染提出具體建議,并大力倡導(dǎo)每個(gè)人都行動(dòng)起來(lái)減少污染。文章標(biāo)題應(yīng)該主要體現(xiàn)作者的意圖.作者花了不少篇幅講述污染的來(lái)源，但其目的是倡議減少污染，所以選［D］最佳。［A］肯定不對(duì)，因?yàn)樽髡邲](méi)有透露出任何對(duì)污染肯定的意思，［B］、［C］都只是作者論述的部分內(nèi)容，因此不能作為整篇文章的標(biāo)題。Manystraydogsandcatswanderthestreetsofcities.Usuallytheyendupinanimalshelters,wherestaffsmustfindwaystodisposeofthem.Onelegitimatedisposalroutehasbeentheresearchlaboratory.ButinCalifornia,animalrightsgroupsrecentlyhavebeenleaninghardonanimalshelters,effectivelycuttingoffmuchofthesupply.About30yearsago,LosAngelesvoterssoundlydefeatedaproposaltoprohibitthereleaseofanimalsforlaboratoryuse.Buttoday,withnewproposalsbeingsubmittedtocitycouncilsandcountyboards,theresultscouldwellbedifferent.Andthenewproposalsaremuchmoresweeping.Theywouldcreatereviewboardsforallanimalexperimentation.AgroupofCaliforniainvestigatorsevenhaveorganizedacommitteeforanimalresearchinmedicine.“Mostscientistsdon，trealizethedanger,“saysCaltechneurobiologistJohnM.Allman,whousesmonkeystostudytheorganizationofthebrain."Suchmovementsinthepast-inthiscountry,atleast—havelargelybeentheeffortsofsmall,fragmentedandrelativelyineffectivegroups.Butthisnewmovementiscarefullyorchestrated,wellorganized,andwellfinanced.Itiseasytolookatthehistoryofanimalexperimentationandcompileacatalogofhorrors.Butthedayislongpastwhenaresearchercantakeanyanimalanddoanythinghepleasestoitwithatotaldisregardforitswelfareandcomfort.Peopledon'trealize,”saysAllman,“thatwearealreadyextensivelyreviewed.InmyworkImustfollowtheethicalcodeslaiddownbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthandtheAmericanPhysiologicalSociety,amongothers.AndwemighthaveasurprisevisitatanytimefromtheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture，sinspectors.It'stheUSDAfieldveterinarianswhodotheenforcing.Believeme,theseinspectionsareanything,butroutine,andthesefellowshaveagreatdealofpower.Becausetheirreportscanadverselyaffectfederalfunding,theirrecommendationsare,inreality,orders.”Itisimportantthattheanimalrightsadvocatesdonotimposetheirsolutionsonsociety.Itwouldbetragicindeed-whenmedicalscienceisclosetolearningsomuchmorethatisveryusefultoourhealthandwelfare-ifalreadyregulation-burdenedandbudget-restrainedresearcherswerefurtherham-pered?Iwonderaboutthosepuristswhoseektohaltallanimalexperimentationonmoralgrounds:Dotheyalsorefuse,forthemselvesandothers,toacceptanyremedy-orinformation-thatgainedthroughanimalexperimentation?Anddotheyhavetherighttomakesuchdecisionsonbehalfofallthepatientsincancerwards?［聽力原文］很多無(wú)家可歸的狗和貓流浪在城市的街頭。他們的結(jié)局往往是被動(dòng)物收容所收留，在那里工作人員必須想方設(shè)法處理他們。一個(gè)合法的處理途徑是研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室。但是，在加州，動(dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)組織最近特別依賴于動(dòng)物收容所，有效地減少向動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)室的供應(yīng)。大約30年前，洛杉磯的選民們成功挫敗了禁止動(dòng)物用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室的提議。但是，現(xiàn)在當(dāng)新的提議被提交到市議會(huì)和縣議會(huì)時(shí)，結(jié)果可能是不同的。新的提議更有力。它們可能提議對(duì)所有的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)都要進(jìn)行檢查。一組加州的研究人員甚至組織了一個(gè)委員會(huì)專門負(fù)責(zé)用于醫(yī)療目的的動(dòng)物研究。“多數(shù)的科學(xué)家沒(méi)有意識(shí)到其中的危險(xiǎn)，"Caltech的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)家JohnM.Allman說(shuō)，他使用猴子來(lái)研究大腦的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。''在過(guò)去，至少在這個(gè)國(guó)家，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)主要來(lái)自于一些小規(guī)模的、無(wú)組織的、影響力相對(duì)較小的團(tuán)體。但是，這次運(yùn)動(dòng)有良好的組織和資金來(lái)源?；仡檮?dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的歷史，不難列出一系列的可怕行為。但是研究人員可以把任何動(dòng)物態(tài)意地當(dāng)作實(shí)驗(yàn)品的日子不復(fù)存在了。”Allman說(shuō)，“人們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，我們已經(jīng)反省了。在我的工作中，我必須嚴(yán)格遵循國(guó)家健康研究所和美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)制定的倫理章程。美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的官員們會(huì)不定期地來(lái)突然檢查，這由農(nóng)業(yè)部的獸醫(yī)來(lái)執(zhí)行。信不信由你，這些檢查官員一點(diǎn)都不按照常規(guī),他們權(quán)力很大，因?yàn)樗麄兊膱?bào)告可以影響到聯(lián)邦政府的財(cái)政撥款，因此他們的建議實(shí)際上就是命令?！眲?dòng)物權(quán)利保護(hù)者們不應(yīng)該把他們的解決方法強(qiáng)加給社會(huì)。當(dāng)醫(yī)學(xué)研究對(duì)我們的健康和保障極其有利的時(shí)候，如果飽受制度重壓和財(cái)政限制的研究人員再遭受進(jìn)一步的阻力，這確實(shí)會(huì)是一個(gè)悲劇。我不知道，那些借口違反倫理道德而制止動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的天真主義者是否會(huì)為了自己和他人而拒絕接受通過(guò)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)而獲得的治療方法或者信息呢？他們是否有權(quán)替那些癌癥病房里的病人做這樣的決定呢？第26題：Accordingtothetext,someoftheanimalswithnoownerswillbekilledbystaffoftheanimalshelters.takenhomeandfedbythestaffthemselves.C.usedforexperimentpurposes.givenawaytokindstrangerswholovethem.參考答案：C答案解析：選C。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段第二句說(shuō)“其中一個(gè)合法的處理途徑就是實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究”，也就是說(shuō)用于試驗(yàn)?zāi)康?。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)雖然也有可能出現(xiàn)，但是不是文章所提及的內(nèi)容。第27題：AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?PeopleinLosAngelesvotedagainstsendinganimalstolaboratory30yearsago.PeopleinLosAngelesvotedforsendinganimalstoanimalshelters30yearsago.NowpeopleinLosAngelesholdthesameattitudestowardthelaboratoryuseofanimalsas30yearsago.TheattitudeofpeopleinLosAngelestowardthelaboratoryuseofanimalshaschangedinthepast30years.參考答案：D答案解析：選Do文章第二段第一句說(shuō)“30年前人們否決了一項(xiàng)禁止把動(dòng)物用于試驗(yàn)的提案”，證明投票人30年前是贊成把動(dòng)物用于試驗(yàn)用途的。而后面又說(shuō)“現(xiàn)在新的提案可能被提交，而且結(jié)果可能會(huì)不同”，證明人們的態(tài)度在30年間發(fā)生了變化。第28題：Ifanimalrightsadvocatesrealizetheirideasontheexperimentation,thenthescientistsaresuretogainmoreresearchresults.thedevelopmentofmedicalsciencemayslowdown.itmayhelpthescientiststogainmorefinancialaid.thegovernmentmayloosentheirregulationoftheexperimentation.參考答案：B答案解析：選B。推理題。文章第四段說(shuō)這些動(dòng)物權(quán)益維護(hù)者不把他們的決議強(qiáng)加于社會(huì)是很重要的。特別是當(dāng)我們的醫(yī)學(xué)接近了解更多的對(duì)我們健康和福利有用的知識(shí)時(shí)，如果現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被各種規(guī)定和國(guó)家基金資助弄得束手束腳的研究人員再繼續(xù)受到阻礙的話，他們的行為會(huì)產(chǎn)生悲劇性后果。證明如果他們的想法實(shí)現(xiàn)了，那么醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展就要減緩。第29題：Theauthor，sbasicargumentisthatanimalrightsadvocateshavenorightstomakedecisionsforothers.usinganimalsinexperimentshasnothingtodowithmoral.thedevelopmentofmedicalsciencewillnotbeinfluencedbyanimaladvocates.animaladvocatesplantotakecontrolofgovernmentpower.參考答案：A答案解析：選A。推理題。文章最后一句提到“他們是否有權(quán)代表躺在癌癥病房里的病人做出這樣的決定呢？”說(shuō)明動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者沒(méi)有為他人做出決定的權(quán)利。第30題：Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardspeoplewhoopposeanimalexperimentation?Supportive.Ambiguous.Indifferent.Critical.參考答案：D答案解析：選D。態(tài)度題。作者提到動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者會(huì)阻礙醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員的研究工作。末尾又用反問(wèn)質(zhì)問(wèn)這些人“有沒(méi)有權(quán)利替別人做決定”，說(shuō)明作者對(duì)他們持批評(píng)態(tài)度。Zoosareamongmankind，soldestinstitutions,datingbackatleast4,500years,andprobablymore.Acrosstheworldtheyhavebroughttogetheranddisplayedlivewildanimalsforpeopletolookatandovertheyears(hundredsofmillions)have.Anyinstitutionwithsolongahistoryandsouniversallyattendedmustreachsomethinginpeopledeeperthanidlecuriosity.Sinceitisfashionabletospeakofrootstoday,itmightbesuggestedthatzoosallowustostayintouchwithourmostprimitiverootsinaprimevalworldwherehumansurvivaldependedonknowingtheshapesandhabitsofwildanimals.Soimportantwerewildcreaturestoourdistantancestorsthattheywerethemostfrequentsubjectsofpaintingsoncavewalls,formedthebasisforvirtuallyallearlyreligions,andwereinnumerousinstancesworshippedasgods.Nowoursurvivalisthreatenedmorebywhatweourselveshaveworked,andbythestressesoflivingamongthesecreations,thanitisbywildanimalstowhomwerelegatelessandlesslivingspacewitheachpassingyear.Inthisworldtheneedforgoodzoologicalgardensisurgent.Theexponentialgrowthofhumanpopulationandtheever-increasingsprawlofcitiesdoesmorethanroblandfromwildlife：itpushestheanimalsfartherawayfromcitydwellers.Peopleliveinbrick,concrete,andglassenvironmentswheretheylosealltouchwithwilderness；childrengrowupwhohavenevertriedtocatchafrog,neverseenahawksoaroradeerstepdaintilyintoaforestclearing—letalonewatchedaherdofelephantsambleacrosstheriveroraprideoflionsstalkprey.Peoplewhohavethetimeandmoneycantakeanoccasionaltrip

totheremainingwildernessandfind,inplaceswherewildanimalsstilllive,therenewalofspiritthatcomesfromprolongedvisitstowildcountry.Formillionsofotherswhoareunabletoleavethecitiesorcan，taffordto,goodzooslaidoutamongplantsandtreescanbringwhatconservationistlanPlayercalls“atasteofwilderness.Perhapsmoreimportantinthelongrun,zooscanhelpgivedeprivedpeopleanawarenessthatwesharetheworldwithmanyotheranimalsandshouldhaveadecentregardfortheirworthandrighttolive.Ifzoosdidnomorethanaccomplishthesetwoends,theywouldserveanoblepurpose.Asithappens,however,today'szooscandofarmore.Theycanbecomebreedingcentersforthosewildspecieswhosecontinuedexistencehasbecomeprecarious.Thetermacaptivebreedingnhasbeenusedtodescribethisnewroleofzoos,andthisbookdescribestheeffort-themostimportanttaskthatzooshaveyetundertaken.Vocabularyprimeval［adj.］Vocabularyprimeval［adj.］原始的移，提交exponential［adj.］指數(shù)型的,非常迅速的stalk［v.］打獵時(shí)悄悄跟隨，潛近保護(hù)自然環(huán)境論者precarious［adj.］危險(xiǎn)的,不穩(wěn)定的ancestor［n.］祖先，祖宗動(dòng)物學(xué)的daintily［adv.］優(yōu)美地溜蹄relegate[v.]轉(zhuǎn)sprawl[n.]蔓延，擴(kuò)展conservationist[n.]curiosity[n.]好奇心zoological[adj.]amble[v.]緩行,［聽力原文］【文章導(dǎo)讀】作者溯源尋根，介紹了動(dòng)物在原始社會(huì)對(duì)于人類祖先的重要性。在現(xiàn)代生活中，人類的生存受到了人類自身生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的威脅。人們強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的生活條件，但是留給動(dòng)物的生存空間卻越來(lái)越少。世界需要更多的動(dòng)物園，它們可以讓人們知道人類與動(dòng)物共同生活在這個(gè)世界當(dāng)中，動(dòng)物也應(yīng)該擁有自己的生存空間。第31題：Inthesecondsentenceofthefirstparagraph,ahundredsofmillions”referstothegreatnumberof.mankind，svariousinstitutionszoosacrosstheworldC.livewiIdanimalsdisplayedpeoplewhohavevisitedzoos參考答案：D答案解析：詞義句意題。根據(jù)上下文明確指代關(guān)系題“Acrosstheworldtheyhavebroughttogetheranddisplayedlivewildanimalsforpeopletolookatandovertheyearshundredsofmillionshave.”這句話的是說(shuō)“全世界的動(dòng)物都被集中起來(lái)供人們參觀，多年來(lái)數(shù)以億計(jì)的人們參觀了動(dòng)物園。這里的"hundredsofmillionshavew顯然是省略句，完整的信息應(yīng)該是"hundredsofmillionsofpeoplehavelookedattheanimals",所以答案為［D］。第32題：Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmightbetheLEASTthreateningonetohumanity*ssurvivalnow?Wildanimals.Limitedspace.Populationgrowth.Cityexpansion.參考答案：A答案解析：推理判斷題。作者在第二段的首句中說(shuō)到"Nowoursurvivalisthreatenedmorebywhatweourselveshaveworked,andbythestressesoflivingamongthesecreations,thanitisbywildanimalstowhomwerelegatelessandlesslivingspacewitheachpassingyear."，這句話表明人類自身的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)要比野生動(dòng)物對(duì)人類生存的威脅大得多，所以選［A］o第33題：Inthispassage,theauthorbelievesthatzoos.enablepeopletoexperiencethefeelingofbeinginthenaturebringpoorpeopleasenseofcomfortwiththesightofanimalsmakepeoplecherishtheirlifemorebyknowinganimals，fatebetterD.servenoblepeoplefromlessthantwoaspectsinthelongrun參考答案：A答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展使許多城市人遠(yuǎn)離了野生動(dòng)物，動(dòng)物園可以幫助人們與野生動(dòng)物保持聯(lián)系。有錢有時(shí)間的人可以到野外旅行，而多數(shù)人則沒(méi)有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。這便是動(dòng)物園存在的兩個(gè)基本目的。即動(dòng)物園可以使人們感受到野生動(dòng)物的環(huán)境，找到回歸自然的感覺(jué)，所以答案為［A］?第34題:Thispassagemightbetakenoutofa.reviewofabookprefacetoabooklectureonabookadvertisementofabook參考答案：B答案解析：推理判斷題。解決這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵應(yīng)該是把握關(guān)鍵詞句和文章語(yǔ)境。文章的最后~*句話“Theterm4captivebreeding,hasbeenusedtodescribethisnewroleofzoos,andhisbookdescribestheeffort-themostimportanttaskthatzooshaveyetundertaken.中，談到了“thisbook”。由此可以推測(cè)這篇文章應(yīng)該是在這本書的前言或者序中出現(xiàn)的，故選［B］。第35題:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthetaskofzoos?Gatheringanimalsforscientificstudies.Educatingpeopletopaymoreattentiontoanimals.Preventingrareanimalsfromextinction.Bringingpeopleatasteofwildness.參考答案：A答案解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題覆蓋的范圍較大，需通讀全文才能作答。本文在第三段先后提及了［D］和［B］兩個(gè)任務(wù)，在第四段中提到了［C］,只是說(shuō)法上有所改變。［A］雖然看似符合邏輯，但細(xì)看本文，卻并未提及。Aftermorethanfiveyearsofinvestigation,theEuropeanCommissionhasfinedMicrosoftalmost€500mformonopolisticabusesandgivenitfourmonthstomakelifeeasierforcompetitorsintheserverandmedia-playermarkets.Butwithalong-windedappealinevitable,thepunishmentmayproveineffectual.Microsoft，sforays（劫掠）intoasuccessionofnewmarketshavelandeditonthewrongsideofantitrustauthoritiesonbothsidesoftheAtlanticmanytimesbefore.Duringthelate1990s,thecompanyfoughtanaggressiveantitrustsuitfromAmerica，sDepartmentofJustice.Thedepartmentargued,asEuropeancompetitionregulatorsarenowdoing,thatMicrosoftwasabusingitsdominanceinthePCoperating-softwaremarketinordertoexpandintoothermarkets.Theothermarketinthatcasewastheoneforinternetbrowsers,thendominatedbyNetscape.Thecaseledtoagroundbreakingjudgment,in2000,thattheonlysolutionwasabreak-upofMicrosoftintotwocompanies:onemakingtheWindowsoperatingsoftware,andonemakingtheapplicationsthatrunonit.Thatway,therewouldbenoreasonforthemakerofWindowstofavorproductslikeMicrosoftOfficeorthefirm'sInternetExplorerbrowserattheexpenseofrivals'products.However,thatjudgmentwasreversedin2001aftertheClintonadministration,whichhadadoptedanaggressiveantitruststance,wasreplacedbyamorebusiness-friendlyBushadministration.Thenewjudgmentcancelledthebreak-up,andinsteadinsistedonubehavioralremedies”.MicrosoftwastoallowPC-makerstocarrybrowsersotherthanInternetExplorer,forinstance,butthecompanycouldstillbundleanyproductitwishedintoWindows.ItistellingthatmanyofthecomplaintsthathavedriventheEuropeancaseagainstMicrosoftaroseafterthisjudgment,suggestingthattheAmericanremedieshadlittleeffectonitsbehavior.TheEuropeancasewassparkedbya1998complaintbySunMicrosystems,whichallegedthatMicrosoftwasnotsharingcodefromitsPCoperatingsystems,makingitdifficultforSuntomakeserversthatinteractedsmoothlywithWindowswhenMicrosoftwasitselftryingtoentertheservermarket.Thecasewaslaterbroadenedsothat,likeAmerica，s,itconcernedthebundlingofMicrosoft1sapplicationsoftware-inthiscase,MediaPlayer—withtheWindowsoperatingsystem.RealNetworks,thenthedominantmakerofPCaudio-visualsoftware,claimedthatthisclobbereddemandforitsproduct,whichmanyconsideredtobebetterthanMicrosoft's.RealNetworks，shareofthismarkethassincefallenbehindthatofWindowsMediaPlayer.RealNetworksandSunarebothpursuingseparatelegalactionsagainstMicrosoftinAmerica.Furthermore,thousandsofconsumershavejoinedclass-actionsuits.ThoughMicrosofthasnowsettledmanyofthese,thefirstclass-actionsuittocometotrialiscurrentlybeforeajudgeinMinnesota；theplaintiffsareseekingmorethan$400mindamagesduetoallegedovercharging.Microsofttookthediplomaticstepofapologizingforpastwrongdoingsintheopeningofitsdefence.Butmany—includingtheEU一seethecompanyasapersistentoffenderthathaswriggled（脫身）outofsettlementaftersettlement.［聽力原文］在經(jīng)過(guò)五年多的調(diào)查之后，歐盟委員會(huì)以壟斷性惡意競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的罪名判處微軟公司近5億英鎊的罰款并且限微軟在四個(gè)月內(nèi)使它在服務(wù)器和媒體播放器領(lǐng)域的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手好過(guò)一些。但是由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的上訴不可避免，因此該處罰可能基本沒(méi)有什么效力。微軟公司不斷侵人一系列的新市場(chǎng)，在以前這就已經(jīng)多次惹惱了大西洋兩岸的反壟斷當(dāng)局。20世紀(jì)90年代后期，微軟就在美國(guó)司法部打了一場(chǎng)非常激烈的反壟斷官司。就像歐洲競(jìng)爭(zhēng)管理機(jī)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在正在做的一樣，司法部稱微軟正在濫用它在個(gè)人電腦操作軟件市場(chǎng)上的主導(dǎo)地位以便擴(kuò)大它在其他領(lǐng)域的市場(chǎng)。在當(dāng)時(shí)的案件中，所謂的其他市場(chǎng)就是指互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器市場(chǎng)，當(dāng)時(shí)被網(wǎng)景公司主導(dǎo)。在2000年，該案件導(dǎo)致了一項(xiàng)具有劃時(shí)代意義的判決，也就是把微軟公司一分為二：一個(gè)制作“視窗”操作系統(tǒng)，另外一個(gè)制作在“視窗”系統(tǒng)上應(yīng)用的軟件。這樣，“視窗”的制作者就沒(méi)有理由以犧牲競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的產(chǎn)品為代價(jià)而去偏愛(ài)像“微軟辦公室”軟件或是微軟的"IE;瀏覽器這樣的產(chǎn)品了。然而，在對(duì)待商業(yè)非常友好的布什政府代替了持積極的反壟斷立場(chǎng)的克林頓政府以后，該判決在2001年被推翻了。新的判決取消了公司的分離，而堅(jiān)持“行為補(bǔ)償”的原則。比如，微軟應(yīng)該允許個(gè)人電腦制造商兼容非"IE〃的瀏覽器,但是微軟還是可以將任何產(chǎn)品加到“視窗”中去。很能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的是很多導(dǎo)致歐洲微軟案的投訴都發(fā)生在這一判決之后，這表明，美國(guó)的“補(bǔ)償”并未對(duì)微軟的行為造成多少影響。歐洲的案子是由SunMicrosystems在1998年的申訴引起的，該公司聲稱微軟沒(méi)有將它在個(gè)人電腦操作系統(tǒng)上的密碼進(jìn)行分享，使得Sun很難制作出和“視窗”配合流暢的服務(wù)器而微軟自己正在努力進(jìn)人服務(wù)器市場(chǎng)。隨后就像在美國(guó)的那些案件一樣，該案子進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展，直到涉及微軟應(yīng)用軟件和“視窗”的捆綁問(wèn)題一在這一案子中，具體是指微軟媒體播放器。當(dāng)時(shí)最大的個(gè)人電腦音頻視頻軟件制造商RealNetworks聲稱微軟的這一做法擊垮了對(duì)他們的產(chǎn)品的需求，而很多人都認(rèn)為他們的產(chǎn)品比微軟的要好。從那以后，RealNetworks的市場(chǎng)份額就下降到了低于視窗媒體播放器的水平。RealNetworks和Sun公司都在美國(guó)分別起訴微軟公司。此外，成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)消費(fèi)者也加人了集體控告的訴訟之中。盡管微軟現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了很多這樣的案子，但是第一個(gè)就要判決的集體訴訟的案子目前就擺在明尼蘇達(dá)州一位法官的面前。這些原告要求超過(guò)4億美元的賠償，原因是微軟對(duì)他們收費(fèi)過(guò)高。微軟采取非常圓滑老練的辦法，首先在其答辯詞中對(duì)過(guò)去的不良行為致歉。但是很多人，包括歐盟，都認(rèn)為微軟是個(gè)頑固的犯法者，它在一個(gè)接一個(gè)的調(diào)解后得以脫身。第36題：TheEuropeanCommission，sfineonMicrosoftmightbeunproductiveinthattheinvestigationtookmorethan5years.Microsoftwillnotmakelifeeasierforitscompetitors.America'sDepartmentofJusticeisonMicrosoft'sside.theappealbyMicrosoftwilltakealongtimetobeprocessed.參考答案：D答案解析：選D。原因細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段末尾一句說(shuō)“但是由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的上訴不可避免，因此該處罰可能基本沒(méi)有什么效力”。證明微軟對(duì)此判決必然采取上訴，而上訴要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，在上訴中以前的判決不能生效，因此實(shí)際上歐洲委員會(huì)的判決就沒(méi)有實(shí)際作用了。第37題：TheUSDepartmentofJusticebrokeMicrosoftupintotwocompaniessothatA.Microsoftcancompetewithothercompaniesinapplicationsoftwarefairly.Microsoftcannotcompetewithothercompaniesinapplicationsoftware.Microsoftcangainastrongercompetitiveedgethanothercompanies.MicrosoftcanfavorotherMicrosoftsoftwareotherthanOfficeandInternetExplorer.參考答案：A答案解析：選A。目的細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段最后一句說(shuō)“這樣(把微軟分為兩個(gè)公司)，'視窗，的制作者就沒(méi)有理由以犧牲競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的產(chǎn)品為代價(jià)而去偏愛(ài)像，微軟辦公室，軟件或是微軟的‘IE'瀏覽器這樣的產(chǎn)品了”。證明以前微軟的‘視窗'操作系統(tǒng)偏愛(ài)自己公司的應(yīng)用軟件，使得其他公司沒(méi)法和它競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。因此，法庭把微軟分成兩個(gè)公司的裁決避免了這種“自己偏愛(ài)自己產(chǎn)品”的不公平做法，當(dāng)然其目的就是“使微軟能夠和其他應(yīng)用軟件公司進(jìn)行公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。第38題：WecaninferfromthepassagethatMicrosoftisveryfondofpushingitsrivalsintodeadendsunfairly.theClintonadministrationwasanaggressivesupporterofMicrosoft.theBushadministrationdidnottakeveryeffectivemeasuresagainstMicrosoft.D.theabehavioralremedieswareverypopularinAmericabutnotwelcomedbyEuropeans.參考答案：C答窠解析：選C。推理題。A說(shuō)“微軟特別喜歡用不公平的手段將自己的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手推進(jìn)死胡同”，看似有道理，但是文章沒(méi)有提供證據(jù)說(shuō)明“微軟喜歡這樣做”。B說(shuō)“克林頓政府是微軟公司的強(qiáng)硬支持者”與原文說(shuō)“克林頓政府采取積極的反壟斷市場(chǎng)”的信息相反，所以排除。C說(shuō)“布什政府沒(méi)有對(duì)微軟采取非常有效的措施”正好和原文第三段末尾說(shuō)的“美國(guó)的這種補(bǔ)償幾乎沒(méi)有對(duì)其行為產(chǎn)生任何效用”意思一致，所以人選。D選項(xiàng)說(shuō)“'行為補(bǔ)償'在美國(guó)很受歡迎但是不被歐洲人歡迎”，在文章中沒(méi)有證據(jù)支持，排除。第39題:Theword"this"(line6,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothecaseinwhichRealNetworkssuedMicrosoft.theeffortsthatMicrosoftmadetoentertheservermarket.theintegrationofMediaPlayerintoWindowssystem.thedominantpositionofMicrosoftinPCaudio-visualsoftware.參考答案：C答案解析：選C。含義題。本題考察代詞指代，代詞一般就近所指，有時(shí)指代前面的一件事或一個(gè)情況。在這道題里，原文說(shuō)“該案子進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展直到涉及微軟應(yīng)用軟件和“視窗”的捆綁問(wèn)題一在這一案子中，具體是指微軟媒體播放器。當(dāng)時(shí)最大的個(gè)人電腦音頻視頻軟件制造商RealNetworks聲稱微軟的這一做法擊垮了對(duì)他們的產(chǎn)品的需求”。那么“微軟的這一做法”，必然是指代上面“他們把媒體播放器和‘視窗’進(jìn)行捆綁的問(wèn)題”。第40題：ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatMicrosofthasveryrichexperienceinmakingdiplomaticapologies.isdeemedbymanytobeoftenescapinglegalpunishments.hasbecomeasuperpowerfulandinfluentialUSenterprise.isassincereasdiplomatsintheirapologiestoconsumers.參考答案：B答案解析：選B。推理題。文章最后一句話說(shuō)“但是很多人，包括歐盟，都認(rèn)為微軟是個(gè)頑固的犯法者，它在一個(gè)接一個(gè)的調(diào)解后得以脫身”，也就是說(shuō)“很多人認(rèn)為微軟經(jīng)常逃脫法律的懲罰”。A選項(xiàng)提到的“微軟在圓滑地道歉方面經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富”，可能在現(xiàn)實(shí)中正確，但是文章沒(méi)有給以證據(jù)證明其''經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富”。C選項(xiàng)也是有一定道理，但是文章沒(méi)有暗示。D選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。多項(xiàng)填空(1)[TheancientGreektheorists,puzzledbythestrangenessoftraditionstakenfromapreliteratepast,attemptedtoexplaintheirownmythsbyassimilatingthemto“correct“modelsofrealityascreatedbyphilosophy.]Theysawinmythallegoriesforphilosophicdescriptionsofthewaythephysicalandmetaphysicalworldreallyisor,inEuhemerism,asasourceforhistoricalreconstructionofthehumanpast.Latermethodshaveworkedmuchthesameway,adaptingmythstonewmodelsofrealityastheyemergedfromChristiantomoderntimes.Weneedtobeawarethatthescientificmodel,whichhasincreasinglydominatedthoughtsincetheEnlightenment,andespeciallysincethenineteenth-century,isonlythelatestinalonglineofsuchmodels.Althoughthenineteenth-centurytheoryofmythasa“diseaseoflanguage”centeringonnaturalphenomenawasencouragedbyscientificlinguistics,itisremarkablysimilartotheinterpretationproposedbyPalaephatusin300BC.(2)[Modernpsychologicaltheories,especiallythoseofJung,offermodelsthatinimportantwaysrepeatandrefineanapproachusedbymuchearlierinterpreterswhosoughtinmythallegoriesofspiritualandpsychologicaltruths.]Thestrengthofscienceliesindefiningideaspreciselyandtreatingthemwithinstrictlycontrolledguidelines.(3)[Thepowerofhumanisticstudies,ontheotherhand,liesintheirconcernwiththecapacityofhumans,assymbol-makingbeing,tocreatealternativeworld.]Mythisonesuchalternativeworld,andtheinterpretationofmythisanother；eachisanexpressionofthesamehumancapacity.His