考研英語閱讀題源

目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z社會(huì)類l.AStheWatersRise 1.ACaseofGenderBiues 4.MakingYourGrassGreener 7.AbdicateandCapitulate 10文教類.CapitalofCulture 14.MysteryMan 16.GirlsGoingMild(er) 20.Who*saNerd,Anyway? 23經(jīng)濟(jì)類.AMatterofSovereignty 27.WordontheStreet 30.WorthaLot,butAreTheyWorthIt? 33科技類.1sSnuppythePuppyforReal? 37.Who'stheSmartSibing? 39.AlloyHoldsOutPromiseofSpeedierMemoryChip 43健康類.LestWeForgetorLestWeRemember? 46.Hollywood*sSmokeAlarm 49.CancerandStayingFit 53.TeachingDoctorstoTeachPatientsaboutLifestyle 57FromTheEconomistSept.27,2007AStheWatersRiseAsworldleadersmettodiscussclimatechangeattheUnitedNationsthisweek,protestersoutsideseemedunconvincedthatdrowningislandsandexpandingdesertsweretheplane'sbiggestwoe.LatinAmericanslamentedtheimperialismoftheUnitedStates.VietnamesewithBuddhistflagsdecriedtheirgovermnent'simpiety,whileemigresfromIrandeploredtheirrulers'religiousfervour.Insidethebuilding,concernswerealmostasdiffuse.Somethoughtthemostpressingaspectofclimatechangewasrisingsealevels;others,thegrowingintensityofstormsanddroughts;andothersthespreadofpestsanddiseases.Manypoorcountriesfeltmoremoneywasneededtoaddresstheproblem;richonesfrettedaboutalackofpoliticalwillandpopularenthusiasm.SouthAfricawantedmoreumainstreamingofwomenandyouth”.Bolivia'spresident,EvoMorales,calledcapitalismthe“worstenemy”,AsheikhfromtheUnitedArabEmiratessaidtoovigorousaresponsetoglobalwarmingcouldwreckoil-dependenteconomies.AndPresidentGeorgeBush,notcontentwiththeUNevent,heldhisownmeetingonclimatechangeonSeptember27th.Intheory,bothhisgatheringandtheUNoneaimedtofosterdebateaboutasuccessortotheKyotoprotocoltheUN'sexistingtreatyonclimatechange,whichexpiresin2012.Buttherhetoricsurroundingthetwodeliberationswasverydifferent.AttheUNmeeting,almosteveryleaderspokeof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities^^—jargonfortheideathatrichcountriesmustcuttheiremissionsofgreenhousegases,whilepooronescarryonasnormalunlesstherichworldpaysforthemtocleanuptheiract.TheWhiteHouseaffair,meanwhile,focusedondisseminatinggreentechnology.Theimplicitmessagewasthatbindingemissionstargetsarecounter-productive,andthatanysolutionmustinvolvepoorcountriesaswellasrichones.YvodeBoer,headoftheagencythatoverseesKyotoanditsprecursor,theUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,saysthegulfbetweenAmericaandtherestislesswidethanitappears.AlthoughMr.Bushisnotyetreadytocontemplateabindinginternationaltreatythatwouldlimitgreenhouse-gasemissions,hedoesadvocatepoliciesthatcouldhelptrimAmerica'semissions.Asitis,statesrepresentingoverhalfofAmerica'semissionshavepledgedcutsofsomekind.Congress,meanwhile,iscontemplatingseveralbillsthatwouldimposeanationalcap.Australia,theotherrichcountrythatrejectedKyoto,isalsoworkingonanemissions-reductionplan.Poorcountries,forthemostpart,arestillrefusingtoacceptanytargetsoftheirown.TheyarguethatrichcountrieshavenotmadeenoughuseoftheCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM),aschemeunderKyotothatletscountrieswithemissions-reductiontargetsmeettheminpartthroughprojectsinpoorcountries.Cuba*sforeignminister,forone,dismissedrichcountries'effortstodateasmodestisimo:hequestionedthe"moralauthority“ofleaderslikeMr.Bush.Indiamerelyvowedthatitsemissionsperheadwouldneverexceedthelevelofrichcountries,aformulathatstillpermitsenormousgrowth.Butafewdevelopingcountrieshintedatamoreflexiblestance.MexicosuggestedtyingtheaidgiventopoorcountriesthroughprogrammesliketheCDMtotheireffortstocombatclimatechange.Indonesia'spresident,amidmoretalkof"differentiatedresponsibilities',,saidallcountriesshouldtakeonbiggerburdens,andtoldfellowleaderstoMthinkoutsidethebox".Therewasmuchdiscussion-albeitmostlyonthesidelines-ofpoorcountriestakingontargetsforemissionsperhead,orperunitofoutputincertainindustries.Allthishintsattheshapeofthingstocome.AmericaandAustraliacanprobablybeenticedtolimitemissions,especiallyif,asexpected,bothgetnewgovernmentsinthenextyearortwo.ButtheoversightandadministrationofsuchadealmightbelooserthanunderKyoto,givenAmerica'ssuspicionofglobalbureaucrats.Poorcountriesmightheinducedtotakeontargetsofsomesort,albeitofalessexactingsortthanthestraightemissionscutsfacedbyrichcountries.Butforgingsuchadealcouldtakeanage:neitherAmericanortheUNexpectanyconclusionbeforelate2008.Perhapsthoselow-lyingislandsshouldnotcountonstayingdry.詞匯注解重點(diǎn)單詞unconvinced/,O?切Q?'vinst/【文中釋義】adj.不信服的【大綱全義】adj.不信服的漫無邊際的;四散的，彌散的diffuse/di'fju:z/【文中釋義】adj.散開的，彌漫的【大綱全義】V.擴(kuò)散；傳播adj.（文章等）冗長的，intensity/in'tensiti/【文中釋義】n.強(qiáng)烈，劇烈【大綱全義】n.強(qiáng)烈，劇烈；強(qiáng)度drought/draut/【文中牌義】n.干旱【大綱全義】n.旱災(zāi)，干早fret/fret/【文中釋義】v.煩惱，不滿【大綱全義】n.煩躁，磨損，焦急v.煩惱，不滿，磨損expire/iks'paiS/【文中釋義】v期滿，失效，終止【大綱全義】v.期滿，失效，（期限）終止;呼氣;斷氣，死亡deliberation/dijibs'refan/【文中釋義】n.熟慮，熟思【大綱全義】n.熟慮，熟思，協(xié)議implicit/im'plisit/【文中釋義】adj.暗示的，含蓄的，不講明的【大綱全義】adj.含蓄的;（in）固有的;無疑問的;絕對(duì)的contemplate/'kDntempleit/【文中釋義】v.注視，沉思，打算【大綱全義】v.盤算，計(jì)議;周密考慮;注視，凝視

bind/baind/【文中釋義】V.綁，約束【大綱全義】V.捆，綁，約束，包括，束縛；裝訂；使結(jié)合treatyftrirti/【文中釋義】n.條約，協(xié)定【大綱全義】n.條約，協(xié)議，協(xié)商reject/ri'dsekt/【文中釋義】v.拒絕，駁回【大綱全義】v.拒絕，抵制，丟棄，排斥，退掉n.落選者，被拒貸品dismiss/dis'mis/【文中釋義】v.解散，開除【大綱全義】V.免職，解雇，開除，解散;駁回，不受理vow/vau/【文中釋義】V.立誓，起誓要，鄭重地宣布【大綱全義】n.元音，元音字母V.立誓，起誓要，鄭重地宣布formula/'formjula/【文中釋義】n.客套語，公式，準(zhǔn)則【大綱全義】n.公式;規(guī)則；分子式；藥方超綱單詞impiety超綱單詞impietyn.無信抑，無信心,不虔誠sheikhn.阿拉伯首長（族長）differentiatev.區(qū)別，差別albeitconj.雖然（即使）fervourn.熱情（白熱狀態(tài)）rhetoricadj花言巧語的precursorn.先驅(qū)者，前導(dǎo)，先進(jìn)者重點(diǎn)段落譯文本周，當(dāng)世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在聯(lián)合國總部會(huì)聚一堂，探討氣候變化的問題時(shí)，大樓外的抗議者并未把島嶼被淹和沙漠?dāng)U張視為這個(gè)星球上最大的不幸：拉丁美洲的人民抱怨美國的帝國主義政策；越南的僧侶們痛斥他們政府對(duì)宗教的褻瀆；來自伊朗的移民譴責(zé)伊朗當(dāng)局的宗教狂熱。聯(lián)合國總部大樓內(nèi)，不同的國家、不同的民族關(guān)心的問題也各不相同。一些國家認(rèn)為當(dāng)前最緊迫的問題是氣候變化引起的海平面上升；有的國家認(rèn)為是旱澇災(zāi)害的加?。贿€有的認(rèn)為是蟲害和疾病的傳播。許多貧困國家覺得他們需要獲得更多的資金以解決問題；發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)國民普遍缺乏政治熱情而焦慮不已；南非要求允許更多婦女和年輕人回歸主流；玻利維亞總統(tǒng)伊?莫拉萊斯聲稱資本主義才是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?；一位阿拉伯?lián)合酋長國的酋長說對(duì)全球氣候變暖的過分關(guān)注可能切斷石油大國的經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈。而布什總統(tǒng)則無視聯(lián)合國的事務(wù)，于9月27日在白宮召開了有關(guān)環(huán)境變化的會(huì)議。從理論上來講，不論是布什的小會(huì)還是聯(lián)合國大會(huì)，都是為尋求《京都協(xié)議》的后繼條約而努力，聯(lián)合國有關(guān)環(huán)境變化的現(xiàn)有條例將在2012年失效。但是，兩個(gè)會(huì)議所高談闊論的重點(diǎn)又是截然不同的。聯(lián)合國大會(huì)上，大多數(shù)國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都主張國際法所確立的‘'共同而有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則，這一原則規(guī)定發(fā)達(dá)國家必須減少溫室氣體的排放量，發(fā)展中國家維持現(xiàn)有的排放量，除非發(fā)達(dá)國家為他們的排放量買單。與此同時(shí)，白宮將主要問題放在綠色環(huán)保技術(shù)的推廣上，也就是說，白宮認(rèn)為在減排問題上如果將發(fā)達(dá)國家與發(fā)展中國家區(qū)別對(duì)待，效果只會(huì)適得其反。無論采取什么方法解決，對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家應(yīng)該一視同仁。據(jù)京都議定書的監(jiān)督者，《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架協(xié)議》秘書處執(zhí)行秘書伊弗?德布爾介紹，在溫室氣體的減排這一問題上，美國正在縮小與其他國家的差距。雖然布什尚未考慮制定一項(xiàng)限制溫室氣體排放的國際性公約，但他已同意采取措施削減美國的排放量，事實(shí)也的確如此，美國有一半以上的州已經(jīng)做出減排及其他措施的保證。同時(shí)美國國會(huì)也正考慮設(shè)立議案限制溫室氣體的排放。如反對(duì)《京都協(xié)議》的其他一些發(fā)達(dá)國家，如澳大利亞也正在建立一個(gè)減少溫室氣體排放的計(jì)劃。大部分發(fā)展中國家仍然拒絕他們的減排義務(wù)，他們認(rèn)為發(fā)達(dá)國家并未完全遵守《京都協(xié)議》的清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制，這項(xiàng)機(jī)制允許一些國家為了符合減排要求，在發(fā)展中國家設(shè)廠投資。例如，古巴外交部長對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國家的努力不以為然，他認(rèn)為那是微不足道的，他對(duì)布什等一些所謂的道德政府表示質(zhì)疑。印度領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人僅僅承諾他們的人均排放量絕不會(huì)超過發(fā)達(dá)國家，這就使印度未來排放量的大幅增長合理化了。FromNewsweekByLynnWaddellandArianCampo-FloresMar.12,2007ACaseofGenderBluesAfteralifetimeofagonizingoverhisgenderidentity,StevenStantondecidedtobecomeawomanabouttwoyearsago."Itwasn'tsomethingIwantedtodo,“saysStanton,48,thecitymanagerofLargo,Fla."ItwassomethingIhadtodo.^^Hestartedhormonaltherapy.graduallysheddingbodyhairandlosingmusclemass.Hebegantofeelbreastpainwhenhewentjogging—aproblemheremediedbyfollowingadoctor'srecommendationtowearasportsbra.Ontripsawayfromhome,hebeganventuringoutdressedasawoman.Althoughheconfidedallthistohiswifeandasmallcircleoffriends,heknewthatonedayhe'dhavetotellthetownspeopleheserved.Sohepreparedmeticulouslyfbrthatmoment一aimingforMay,whenhis13-year-oldsonwouldbeaway一andcreatedadetailedeightplan."Whenyoutellsomebodythis,it*sdevastating/hesays."Itislikeanelementofbetrayal.'1Stanton*splanfounderedtwoweeksagowhentheSt.PetersburgTimespublishedanarticleabouthisplansforasexchange.Intheensuingupheaval,churchleaderscondemnedhimandangryresidentsdemandedhisouster.AtatumultuousmeetinglastTuesday,citycommissionersvoted5-2tobegintheprocessoffiringStanton,whohasreceivedmostlysolidreviewsin14yearsascitymanager."Idonotfeelhehastheintegrity,northetrust,northerespect,northeconfidencetocontinue,"saidCommissionerMaryGrayBlack.Nowonpaidadministrativeleave,StantonhasuntilTuesdaytodecidewhethertoappeal.Civilrightsandtransgendergroupshaverushedtohisdefense."ItsbeenalongtimesinceI'veseenthatdegreeofjustflagrantdiscrimination,MsaysKarenDoering,seniorcounselfortheNationalCenterforLesbianRightsandnowStanton'slawyer.Stantonhasstruggledwithhisidentitysincehewasachild.Heusedtotryonhissistefsdressesandcontinuedaccumulatingwomen'sclothesovertheyears.Whenhemarriedin1990,hehopedtostiflehisyearningsandeventuallytriedcounseling.But"yougoandtrytogetfixed,"hesaidatlastweek'scommissionmeeting,*'andyoulearnyoucan'tgetfixed.11In2003,whilecityleadersweredebatingahuman-rightsordinancethatwouldprotecttranssexuals,thethenCommissionerPatBurkecriticizedStantonfornotlobbyinghardenoughfbrthemeasure(itdidn'tenduppassing,butthetowndidadoptaninternalpolicybarringdiscriminationonthebasisofgenderidentity).Stanton,whowaspossiblywaryofaccusationsoffavoritism,respondedbyconfidinghissecrettoBurke,whenheshowedherphotosofhimselfindrag,shelaughedaffectionatelyandofferedhimfashiontips.uItwasalightdress,anditdidn'twork."shesays.Stanton'scasecomesatatimewhenthetransgendercommunityisgainingacceptance.There*snagrowingtrendamongmental-healthprofessionalstogetthesocialenvironmenttoadapttothepersonratherthanforcethepersontoconformtogenderstereotypes/1sayspsychiatristJackDrescher.Federalcivil-rightslawoffersnoexplicitprotectionfortransgenderworkers,buteightstates(notincludingFlorida)andtheDistrictofColumbiado.Inthecorporateworld,122oftheFortune500companiesnowhavenodiscriminationpoliciesthatincludegenderidentity,accordingtotheHumanRightsCampaign.YetStanton'sexperienceshowsthelimitsofsuchacceptance.TheLargocitycommissioncouldvotetofinalizehisfiringasearlyasTuesday.Stanton,whoinitiallyrefusedtotakelegalaction,isnowcontemplatingit."Ineveranticipatedsomanypeoplecallingupfromthecommunitysaying,'Please,promisemethatyou'llfightthis*.*'AsStantontoldhisson,"Beingcourageousisbeingwillingtostandwhenothersarewillingtosit"Afteryearsofbattlinghimself,perhapshe*sreadytotakeonabroadenstruggle.詞匯注解重點(diǎn)單詞agonize/'aeganaiz/【文中釋義】v.掙扎【大綱全文】V.(使)極度痛苦，折磨，掙扎shed/fed/【文中釋義】V.脫落【大綱全文】v.流出；散發(fā)，散發(fā)，脫落，脫去n.棚屋，小屋remedy/'remidi/【文中釋義】vi.治療【大綱全文】n藥品;治療措施;補(bǔ)救方法;糾正方法;消除方法;補(bǔ)嘗,賠償，法律補(bǔ)救方法v.治療，醫(yī)治；糾正，補(bǔ)救betrayal/bi'treial/【文中釋義】n.辜負(fù)，出賣【大綱全文】n背叛，暴露condemn/kan'dem/【文中釋義】v.譴責(zé)

【大綱全文】V.譴責(zé)，指責(zé)：判刑，宣告有罪integrity/in'tegriti/【文中釋義】n.正直，誠實(shí)【大綱全文】n.正直，誠實(shí);完整，完全administrative/ad'ministr8tiv/【文中釋義】adj行政的，【大綱全文】adj.行政的，管理的defense/di'fens/【文中釋義】n.揮衛(wèi)，辮護(hù)【大綱全義】n.防衛(wèi)，防衛(wèi)物acceptance/ak'septans/【文中釋義】n.認(rèn)可，接受【大綱全義】n.接受，接收，驗(yàn)收，接納;承認(rèn)認(rèn)可;認(rèn)可，歡迎explicit/iks'plisit/【文中釋義】adj顯然的，明確的【大綱全義】adj.詳述的，明確的;坦率的；顯然的contemplate/'kDntempleit/【文中釋義】vt.打算【大綱全義】v.注視，沉思，打算超綱單詞hormonaladj.時(shí)荷爾蒙的,townspeople超綱單詞hormonaladj.時(shí)荷爾蒙的,townspeoplen.市民，鎮(zhèn)民tumultuousadj.亂哄哄的，激素的喧嘩的confidev.吐露，信托，信賴upheavaln.舉起，隆起，大變動(dòng)finalizev.使結(jié)束，使完結(jié)flagrantadj非常的，不能容忍的重點(diǎn)段落譯文在經(jīng)過對(duì)自己性別特性一生的痛苦掙扎后，現(xiàn)年48歲的佛羅里達(dá)州拉哥市執(zhí)行長斯蒂芬?土丹頓在大約兩年前決定變成一名女性。他說：“我也不想這么做，但我不得不這么做?！比缓螅_始接受激素治療，身上的體毛逐漸脫落，成塊的肌肉也逐漸消失。當(dāng)他慢跑時(shí)開始感到胸部疼痛一他聽從了醫(yī)生的建議，穿上了運(yùn)動(dòng)文胸，這個(gè)問題才得以解決。出門在外時(shí)，他開始嘗試穿成女性的樣子。盡管他把這一切告訴了妻子和一小部分朋友，但是他知道終有一天他不得不把這些告訴他所服務(wù)的市民。于是他為這一刻做了精心準(zhǔn)備一時(shí)間選在5月份，他13歲的兒子恰好不在一制作了一份長達(dá)8頁的詳細(xì)計(jì)劃?！案嬖V別人這些是會(huì)產(chǎn)生相當(dāng)大的反響的，”他說：“這有些像某種程度的背叛?！眱芍芮?，當(dāng)《圣彼得堡時(shí)報(bào)》發(fā)表了一篇關(guān)于土丹頓變性計(jì)劃的文章時(shí)，他的計(jì)劃失敗了。在接下來的事情變化中，教堂領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人譴責(zé)他，憤怒的居民也要求將他驅(qū)逐出境。在上周二亂哄哄的會(huì)議上，城市委員會(huì)成員以5比2的選票表決決定解雇士丹頓，盡管他在擔(dān)任市執(zhí)行長的連續(xù)14年間受到了很多好評(píng)。委員會(huì)成員瑪麗?格利?布萊克說：“我認(rèn)為他沒有誠實(shí)，不可信，沒有受人尊敬的品格，也沒有繼續(xù)留任的信心?！彪m然面臨著行政職務(wù)被解雇的處罰，但是土丹頓直到周二才決定是否要上訴。而民權(quán)和跨性別團(tuán)體都去為他辯護(hù)。同性戀權(quán)益中心的高級(jí)辯護(hù)律師、士丹頓現(xiàn)在的律師凱倫。多林說:“很久以前我就注意到了這種不能容忍的歧視J士丹頓變性事件正好發(fā)生在變性團(tuán)體逐步得到人們認(rèn)可的時(shí)期。精神病醫(yī)師杰克?德雷舍說:“心理健康專業(yè)人士越來越傾向于想讓社會(huì)適應(yīng)像土丹頓這樣的人，而不是強(qiáng)迫他們?nèi)プ駨脑竟逃行詣eJ雖然聯(lián)邦民權(quán)法律沒有為變性人提供明確的保護(hù)，但是有8個(gè)州（不包括佛羅里達(dá)）和哥倫比亞地區(qū)卻提供了該項(xiàng)保護(hù)。根據(jù)人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，企業(yè)界中的財(cái)富500強(qiáng)中，有122家現(xiàn)今沒有包括性別在內(nèi)的歧視政策。然而土丹頓的變性事件披露了社會(huì)對(duì)變性認(rèn)同的局限性.拉哥市委員會(huì)最早可以在周二通過選舉來決定土丹頓的去留。最初不愿采取法律措施的士丹頓如今正在考慮階段?！拔覜]料到團(tuán)體里會(huì)有這么多人打電話給我'請(qǐng)答應(yīng)我你要繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗下去正如土丹頓對(duì)兒子所說的那樣：“勇敢就是當(dāng)其他人想坐著的時(shí)候而你愿意站著J經(jīng)過幾年的自我斗爭(zhēng)，也許土丹頓已經(jīng)決定進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)更廣泛的斗爭(zhēng)。FromNewsweekByJaneBryantQuinnDec.4,2006MakingYourGrassGreenerKermitthefrogshouldloveit.Everybodywantstobegreen.Nowit*sthereal-estateindustry,outtosaveenergy,savetheplanetandsavemoneyfortheirclients.Withonlyalittleeffort,youcanfindgreenbrokers,greenhomes,greencontractors,evengreenmortgages.Topthatoffwithgreentaxcreditsandyou,too,mightacquireatint.CommercefollowstheZeitgeist.Somegreeniesaremovedbyconscience,othersbyfearsofrisingenergycosts.Innumbers,theyYestillanichemarket,buttheirinfluenceispushingintothemainstream.Here*swherethegreengrassgrows:Real-estatefirms.Whathappenswhentheygogreen?First,theyadvertiseaspro-planet,toattractlike-mindedclientsandstandoutfromthecrowd.Second,they'reuponyourissues:howtocutenergybills,findtaxbreaksorstategrantsforgreenremodeling,qualifyforagreenmortgage(moreonthisbelow)andconnectwithsympatheticarchitectsandcontractors.There'sevenanewdesignation-EcoBroker-foragentsandbrokerswhotakespecialonlinecoursesinenvironmentalandenergyissues.Sofar,nearly250peoplehavequalifiedin38states,theDistrictofColumbiaandpartsofCanada(listingsat).Some500moreareinthepipeline.Ifenergypriceskeeprising,you'llseeastampede.Ecobuilders.Variouslabelingprogramsexistfornewhousesbuiltwithenergysavingsinmind:EnergyStarHome,BuiltGreen,BuildItGreenandsoon.Toqualify,theyhavetobemoreefficientthanhomesbuilttoordinarybuildingcodes.Youcanexpecttightconstruction,superiorinsulation,advancedheatingandcoolingequipment,high-performancewindows,goodventilationand-forthosewhogofurther-recycledcomponentsandbuildingmaterialscontainingfewerchemicalsandlessglue.Morethan10percentofnewhomeslastyearwerelabeledEnergyStar,saysSteveBaden,headoftheResidentialEnergyServicesNetwork(RESNET).AndtheyYenotjusthigh-end.JohnBeldock,EcoBroker'sCEO,saysthatgreenresidentialbuildingnowteachesalmosteverypricerange.Existinghomesaregettinggreener,too.Tohelpwithenergyimprovements,yourstaremayofferlow-interestloansorgrants.Stateandfederaltaxcreditsareonthetable.Tofindagreenbuilderorremodeler,clickon"PartnerList'*at,Also,put"buildgreen'1andthenameofyourstateintoasearchengineandseewhatcomesup.Homeenergyratings.Yourutilitymayofferfreeorlow-costenergyauditstosuggestwaysofcuttingyourheatingandcoolingbills.Formoreformalaudits,greenbuildersandlendersareturningtocertified"raters.HHomesareawardedpointsonascaleofoneto100,dependingontheirenergyefficiency.Eachratingcomeswithalistofpossibleimprovementsyoumightwanttomake,aswellasanestimateofyoursavingsinenergybillsWhywouldyoupay$350to$600forarating?Lendersmightrequireit,ifyou'reborrowingmoneytoaddenergy-efficientsystemstoyourhome.Statesmightrequireitforpeopleapplyingtoaffordable-homelendingprograms.Inbumreal-estatemarkets,agoodratingmighthelpsellyourhouse-especiallyifyou'relistingwithwithagreenbroker.Forcertifiedraters,gotoresnet.usand(Buttryanyfreebiefromyourutilityfirst.)Greenmortgages-otherwiseknownasEnergyEfficientMortgages(EEMs).YouusuallyqualifyifyouYebuyinganewEnergyStarhomeorplanningcost-efficientupgradesonanolderhome.Varioustypesofloansexist;often,theyletyouborrowmoremoneythanwouldnormallybethecase.Iftheloanisdoneright,you'llbeabletohandlethehighermonthlypaymentsbecauseyou'resavingsomuchonyourenergybills.Youmightalsogetreducedclosingcosts.Thelargestprogramallowsloansupto$417,000,dependingonwhereyoulive,butit'spossibletoborrowupto$1millionormore.Ifyou'reupgradingahome,partofthemoneygoesintoescrowuntilthejobisdone.Intheory,anylendercanofferEEMs.Inpractice,they'rehardtofind.Fewbankshavebotheredwiththeprogramsortrainedlendingofficerstohandlethem.Peopledon'tknowtheyexist,sothere'sslimdemand.Andbesides,mostbuyerscanalreadyborrowasmuchastheyneed.ButEEMsaregoodforextrafinancing,andlendersshouldsooncatchontotheirvalueasmarketingtools.Tofindtheseloans,it*shelpfultouseagreenmortgagebroker.LookfbrthenamesoflendersandbrokersontheEnergyStarsite.TheIndigoFinancialCroupservesfivestatesandispreparingtogonationwide.Indigo'sJoelWiesesayshisclientsaresaving20percentto50percentontheirutilitybills—morethanenoughtocovertheirhighermortgagepayments.Onewarning:bewarethe"greenwashers”.Thosearebrokersandbuilderswhosaythey'resavingtheplanetbut-liketheWizardofOz-justgiveoutgreenglasses,toturnabrownworldintoanemeraldshade.Gobeyondthepressrelease.Besuretogetrealgreenforyourgreen.詞匯注解重點(diǎn)單詞real-estate/'riali'steit/【文中釋義】adj.房地產(chǎn)的，不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的【大綱全義】n.不動(dòng)產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)adj房地產(chǎn)的，不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的client/'klaiant/【文中釋義】n.顧客，客戶【大綱全義】n.律師等的當(dāng)事人，委托人;商店的顧客tint/tint/ I【文中釋義】n.色彩【大綱全義】n.色彩v.給淡淡地著色

conscience/'kOnfans/【文中釋義】n.良心【大綱全義】n.良心，良知qualify/'kwDlifai/【文中釋義】v.使具有資格【大綱全義】v.（使）具有資格，證明合格;限制，限定;修飾sympathetic/simpa'Qetik/【文中釋義】adj.合意的【大綱全義】adj.有同情心的;贊同的;和諧的n.交感神經(jīng)architect/'a:kitekt/【文中釋義】n.建筑師【大綱全義】n.建筑師;設(shè)計(jì)師;締造者;創(chuàng)造者designation/,dezig'neijan/【文中釋義】n.名稱【大綱全義】n.指出，指明；任命，選派；稱呼，名稱labelfleibal/【文中釋義】v.標(biāo)注【大綱全義】n標(biāo)簽v.把…….稱為;用標(biāo)簽于;用標(biāo)簽標(biāo)明;標(biāo)注ordinary/'3:dinari/【文中釋義】adj.普通的【大綱全義】adj.普通的，平凡的，平常的;平庸的code/kaud/【文中釋義】n.規(guī)劃【大綱全義】n.代碼，代號(hào)，密碼;法典，法規(guī)，規(guī)劃v.把……編碼ventilation/venti'leijan/【文中釋義】n.通風(fēng)【大綱全義】n.通風(fēng)，流通空氣beware/bi'wza/【文中釋義】vt謹(jǐn)防【大綱全義】v.當(dāng)心，謹(jǐn)防remodelv.remodelv.改造pipelinen.審核中emeraldn.草綠色like-mindedadj.有興趣的ecobrokern.生態(tài)經(jīng)紀(jì)人stampeden.驚慌行為重點(diǎn)段落譯文、青蛙柯米特（經(jīng)典木偶劇里的角色）應(yīng)該會(huì)喜歡這樣。人人都想變成綠色?，F(xiàn)在，為了節(jié)約能源、節(jié)省地球資源和為客戶省錢，在房地產(chǎn)業(yè)也出現(xiàn)了綠色。你很輕松就能找到綠色經(jīng)紀(jì)人、綠色房屋、綠色承包商甚至綠色抵押貸款;最后還有綠色稅收抵免——可能你自己也沾上了點(diǎn)綠色。商業(yè)緊隨時(shí)代風(fēng)潮而行。一些環(huán)保產(chǎn)品的出現(xiàn)是出于良知，另一些是由于擔(dān)心增加能源成本。從數(shù)量上看，綠色環(huán)保市場(chǎng)仍然是一個(gè)縫隙市場(chǎng)，但其影響正波及主流市場(chǎng)。某些行業(yè)中的綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)正處于發(fā)展之中：房地產(chǎn)公司。它們走綠色路線的表現(xiàn)是什么？首先，房地產(chǎn)公司在廣告中以“親近星球”自居，來吸引有此興趣的客戶并從眾多公司中脫穎而出。其次，它們了解你所關(guān)注的問題:如何減少能耗支出;如何尋求稅收減免或是得到州政府對(duì)房屋環(huán)保改造的補(bǔ)助;如何取得申請(qǐng)綠色抵押的資格（更多的抵押款）;或是如何聯(lián)系到合意的建筑師和承包商。如今甚至出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的稱呼用于指那些上過有關(guān)環(huán)境和能源知識(shí)的專門網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的代理商和經(jīng)紀(jì)人一一生態(tài)經(jīng)紀(jì)人。到目前為止，在美國的38個(gè)州、哥倫比亞特區(qū)和加拿大的部分地區(qū)，已有將近250人獲得了這種資格（名單所在網(wǎng)址為）。還有500多人正在審核中。如果能源價(jià)格居高不下，可能會(huì)有更多的人對(duì)此趨之若鷲。生態(tài)建筑者。針對(duì)那些新修建的、帶有節(jié)能理念的房屋，眼下有著各種各樣的標(biāo)簽，比如:能源之星家園、綠色家園、綠色建筑等等。為了達(dá)標(biāo)，這些房屋必須比按照普通建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建造的房屋更加高效節(jié)能。它應(yīng)該具備緊湊的結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)良的隔熱性能、先進(jìn)的供熱及制冷設(shè)備、高性能的窗戶、良好的通風(fēng)性以及一討于那些更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)保房屋而言一含較少化學(xué)成分及粘膠的再生部件及建筑材料。住宅能源服務(wù)網(wǎng)（RESNET）的老板史蒂夫?巴登說，去年有超過10%的新住宅被貼上了節(jié)能明星的標(biāo)簽。而且它們不全是高檔住宅。生態(tài)經(jīng)紀(jì)人公司的首席執(zhí)行官約翰?貝爾多克表示，現(xiàn)在的綠色環(huán)保住宅幾乎各種價(jià)位的都有。您要注意的是:要謹(jǐn)防“綠色騙子二很多經(jīng)紀(jì)人和建筑商說是在節(jié)省地球資源一其實(shí)就像童話故事《綠野仙蹤》里的巫女一樣一僅僅是給人們綠色眼鏡，使一個(gè)棕色的世界加上了綠色的遮蔽。不要盡信新聞報(bào)道。為了您的健康，要確保您得到的是真正的綠色。FromTheNewYorkTimesByAnonymousNov.11,2007AbdicateandCapitulateItisextraordinaryhowPresidentBushhasstreamlinedtheSenateconfirmationprocess.AswehaveseenmostrecentlywiththevotetoconfirmMichaelMukaseyasattorneygeneral,aboutallthatisleftofuadviceandconsent,'isthe"consent"part.Onceuponatime,theconfirmationofmajorpresidentialappointmentsplayedoutonseverallevels-starting,ofcourse,withpolitics.Itwasassumedthatapresidentwouldchooselike-mindedpeopleascabinetmembersandforotherjobsrequiringSenateapproval.Therewasapresumptionthatheshouldbeallowedhischoices,allotherthingsbeingequal.BeforeGeorgeW.Bush'spresidency,thoseotherthingsactuallycounted.Wasthenomineetrulyqualified,withaprofessionalbackgroundworthyofthejob?Wouldhedischargehisdutiesfairlyandhonorably,upholdinghisoathtoprotecttheConstitution?Eventhoughheanswerstothepresident,wouldthenomineerepresentallAmericans?WouldheorsherespectthepowerofCongresstosupervisetheexecutivebranch,andthepowerofthecourtstoenforcetheruleoflaw?Inlessthansevenyears,Mr.Bushhasmanagedtoboilthatlistdowntoitsleastcommondenominator:thepresidentshouldgethischoices.Atfirst,Mr.BushwasabettedbyaslavishRepublicanmajoritythatbalkedatonlyonemajorappointment-HarrietMiersforSupremeCourtjustice,andthenonlybecauseofdoubtsthatshewasfarenoughtotheright.TheDemocrats,however,alsodeservealargemeasureofblame.TheydidalmostnothingwhiletheywereintheminoritytodemandbetternomineesthanMt.Bushwassendingup.Andnowthattheyhaveattainedthemajority,theyarenotdoinganybetter.OnThursday,theSenatevotedby53to40toconfirmMr.Mukaseyeventhoughhewouldnotanswerasimplequestion:doeshethinkwaterboarding,aformofsimulateddrowningusedtoextractinformationfromaprisoner,istortureandthereforeillegal?Democratsofferexcusesfortheirsorryrecord,startingwiththeirrazor-thinmajority.ButitisoftensaidthatanyvoteintheSenaterequiresmorethan60votes-enoughtoovercomeafilibuster.SowhydidMr.Mukaeygetbywithonly53votes?GiventhesuccesstheRepublicanshavehadinblockingactionwhentheDemocratscannotmuster60votes,themainculpritappearstobetheDemocraticleadership,whichseemsuninterestedinorincapableofstandinguptoMr.Bush.SenatorCharlesSchumer,theNewYorkDemocratwhoturnedthetideforthisnomination,saidthatiftheSenatedidnotapproveMr.Mukasey,thepresidentwouldgetbywithaninterimappointmentwhowouldbeundertheswayof"theextremeideologyofVicePresidentDickCheney*'.HearguedthatMr.MukaseycouldbecountedontoreversethepoliticizationoftheJusticeDepartmentthatoccurredunderAlbertoGonzales,andthatMr.Mukasey'sreticenceaboutcallingwaterboardingillegalmightwellbecomemoot,becausetheSenatewasconsideringalawmakingclearthatitisillegal.ThatispreciselythesortofcozyrationalizationthatMr.SchumerandhiscolleagueshaveusedsomanytimestobackdownfromaconfrontationwithMr.Bush.Thetruthis,Mr.Mukaseyisalreadyinthegripofthat"extremeideology".Ifhewerenot,hecouldhaveansweredthequestionaboutwaterboarding.Mr.BushsaidMr.MukaseycouldnotdosobecauseitwouldrevealclassifiedinformationaboutCentralIntelligenceAgencyinterrogationtechniques.Thatisnonsense.Mr.MukaseywasnotaskedifCIAjailershaveusedwaterboardingonprisoners,somethinghecouldbeexpectedtoknownothingabout.Hewassimplyaskedif,asageneralmatter,waterboardingisillegal.Itwasnotadifficultquestion.WaterboardingisspecificallybannedbytheArmyFieldManual,anditisplainlyillegalunderthefederalAnti-TortureAct,federalassaultstatutes,theDetaineeTreatmentAct,theConventionagainstTortureandtheGenevaConventions.Itishardtoseehowanynomineeworthyofthepositionofattorneygeneralcouldfailtoanswer"yes".TherealreasontheWhiteHousewouldnotpermitMr.MukaseytoanswerwastherisktofederalofficialswhocarriedoutMr.Bush'sorderstoabuseandtortureprisonersafterthe9/11attacks:thetightanswercouldhaveexposedthemtocriminalsanctions.TherationalesthataccompaniedthevoteinfavorofMr.Mukaseywerenotreassuring.Thepromiseofalawbanningwaterboardingisnocomfort.Itisunnecessary,andevenifitpasses,Mr.Bushseemscertaintovetoit.Infact,itwouldplayintotheadministration'shandsbyallowingittoarguethattortureisnotcurrentlyillegal.TheclaimthatMr.MukaseywilldepoliticizetheJusticeDepartmentlosesitsallurewhenyouconsiderthathewouldnotcommithimselftoenforcingCongressionalsubpoenasintheUnitedStatesattorneys'scandal.AllofthisleavesuswonderingwhetherMr.SchumerandotherDemocraticleadersweremorefocusedonthe2008electionsthanondoingtheirconstitutionalduty.Certainlybeingmade

tolookweakonterrorismmightmakeitharderforthemtoexpandtheirmajorityWearenotsuggestingtheDemocratsrejecteverypresidentialappointee,orthatthepresident'spreferencesnotbetakenintoaccount.ButDemocratshavedonepreciouslittletoavoidthekindofspectacletheworldsawlastweek:theSenategivingthejobofattorneygeneral,chieflawenforcementofficerintheworld'soldestdemocracy,toamanwhodoesnotevenhavetheintegritytotakeastandagainsttorture.詞匯注解’重點(diǎn)單詞assume/s'sjurm/【文中釋義】V.推斷，假設(shè)【大綱全義】V.假裝;假定,設(shè)想;承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)，采取cabinet/*kaebinit/【文中釋義】n.內(nèi)閣【大綱全義】n.內(nèi)閣，內(nèi)閣會(huì)議;（帶玻璃門存物品的）櫥拒supervisefsjuipavaiz/【文中釋義】V.監(jiān)督【大綱全義】V.管理，監(jiān)督court/k3：t/【文中釋義】n.法院【大綱全義】n.法院，法庭;宮廷，朝廷;院子;球場(chǎng)slavish/'sleivif/【文中釋義】adj.盲目的【大綱全義】adj.奴性的，卑屈的;無獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的;盲從的simulate/'simjuleit/【文中釋義】v.假裝【大綱全義】v.模仿，模擬;假裝，冒充extract/iks'trsekt/【文中釋義】v.獲取，提取【大綱全義】v./n.拔出，抽出;摘錄n.抽取物;精華;選集razor/'reiza/【文中釋義】adj像剃刀一樣薄的【大綱全義】n..剃刀sway/swei/【文中釋義】V.支配【大綱全義】V.（使）搖動(dòng);傾抖挽搖動(dòng);影響力ideology/,aidi'Dlad5i/【文中釋義】n.意識(shí)形態(tài)【大綱全義】n.意識(shí)形態(tài)，（政治或社會(huì)的）思想意識(shí)超綱單詞presumption超綱單詞presumptionn.可能性honorablyadv.體面地abetv.慫蔥,教唆musterv.召集nomineen.被提名的人denominatorn.限度filibustern.阻撓（的人）culpritn?罪人,犯人reticencen.沉默重點(diǎn)段落譯文以前，要確認(rèn)重要的總統(tǒng)委任，要經(jīng)過好幾道程序一當(dāng)然首先從政治開始。據(jù)推斷，總統(tǒng)將會(huì)選擇志趣相投的人擔(dān)任內(nèi)閣成員或者其他需要參議院批準(zhǔn)的職位。委任的確認(rèn)有一個(gè)前提就是他的提議要被通過，同時(shí)其他事情也是如此。在喬治?布什當(dāng)總統(tǒng)之前，事實(shí)上，還涉及其他一些事情。有專業(yè)背景知識(shí)的提名者真的能夠勝任嗎?他會(huì)公正無私、正大光明地履行他的職責(zé)，履行保護(hù)憲法的誓言嗎?即使被提名的人符合總統(tǒng)的要求人選，他會(huì)代表所有美國人鳴?他或她會(huì)尊重國會(huì)監(jiān)督行政機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力并尊重法院執(zhí)法的權(quán)力嗎？在不到7年的時(shí)間里，布什先生己經(jīng)把上面這個(gè)列表縮減到了最低限度：總統(tǒng)應(yīng)該有選擇權(quán)。首先，布什先生在盲目的共和黨多數(shù)派的慫恿下在一個(gè)重要的任命即提名哈里特?邁爾斯擔(dān)任最高法院大法官前裹足不前，當(dāng)時(shí)僅僅因?yàn)橛腥藨岩伤乙黼x得足夠遠(yuǎn)。然而民主黨很大程度上也應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)。當(dāng)他們受到少數(shù)人支持時(shí)，他們并沒有要求布什提名出更好的合適人選。現(xiàn)在，他們已經(jīng)受到大眾的支持，但與以前相比，他們的做法幾乎毫無改善。周四，參議院以53票對(duì)40票通過對(duì)麥卡錫先生的提名，即使他回答不了一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的問題：在他看來，用水刑 種模擬溺水的方式來從囚犯口中獲取信息是酷刑，因此是違法的嗎？民主黨人為他們不盡人意的做法尋找各種借口，往往多數(shù)情況下是站不住腳的。但我們常說，參議院的任何表決至少需要60票―這個(gè)數(shù)字足以說服阻撓的人。那為什么麥卡錫先生僅53票就通過呢?如果說民主黨不能召集到60票，是共和黨成功的阻撓行動(dòng)在起作用那主要的罪人好像是民主黨的領(lǐng)袖，因?yàn)樗孟窈翢o興趣或者沒有能力與布什先生對(duì)抗。扭轉(zhuǎn)了提名局勢(shì)的紐約州民主黨人士參議員查爾斯?舒默說，如果參議院不通過總統(tǒng)對(duì)麥卡錫先生的提名，總統(tǒng)會(huì)在“副總統(tǒng)迪克?切尼的極端意識(shí)”支配下，用臨時(shí)委任蒙混過去。他認(rèn)為，麥卡錫先生會(huì)扭轉(zhuǎn)司法部在阿爾貝托?岡薩雷斯時(shí)期的政治局面，而他在水刑非法問題上的沉默可能會(huì)引發(fā)一場(chǎng)辯論，因?yàn)閰⒆h院正考慮出臺(tái)一部法律明確說明它的非法性。FromTheEconomistOct.4,20075.CapitalofCultureWashington,DChastraditionallybeenanunbalancedcitywhenitcomestothelifeofthemind.Ithasgreatnationalmonuments,fromtheSmithsonianmuseumstotheLibraryofCongress.Butday-to-dayculturallifecanbethin.Itattractssomeofthecountry'sbe