考研考博-英語-華東交通大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東交通大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thetwoscientistsworkingindependentlymadethesameinvention（

）whichmadeitdifficultforthegovernmenttodecidewhomthepatentistobegrantedto.

問題1選項

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.collaboratively

D.elaborately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。spontaneously“自發(fā)地，不由自主地”；simultaneously“同時地”；collaboratively“合作地”；elaborately“精巧地，苦心經營地”。句意：兩個獨立工作的科學家?guī)缀跬瑫r發(fā)明了相同的東西，這讓政府部門很難決定將專利權授予誰。由后半句句意可知只有B項符合句意，即只有這兩個獨立工作的科學家同時發(fā)明了相同的東西時，政府才會難以抉擇。答案B

2.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國兩位著名的神經科學家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導致的記憶喪失問題。

都柏林三一學院神經科學研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說，隨著人類的壽命越來越長，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來越重要。

他告訴記者：“對身體機能正常運轉的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說：“有強有力的證據(jù)表明，一個人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡單的環(huán)境因素，對那些50歲以上的人來說尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀后，頭腦會更清醒。精神刺激、學習新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

3.單選題

Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofthelocaltroopsistomakesurethatallshipsobedientlyfollowtrafficsrulesinbusyharbors.

問題1選項

A.currently

B.intricately

C.dutifully

D.distinctly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。橫線單詞obediently意為“順從地；服從地；忠順地”；A選項“currently”意為“當前；一般地”；B選項“intricately”意為“雜亂地；復雜地”；C選項“dutifully”意為“忠實地；盡責地，忠誠地”；D選項“distinctly”意為“明顯地；無疑地，確實地”。句意：當?shù)剀婈牭呢熑沃皇谴_保所有船只在繁忙的港口順從地遵守交通規(guī)則。由題干可知，followtrafficsrules（遵守交通規(guī)則），所以軍隊應該是確保船只忠實、順從地遵循交通規(guī)則，以免出現(xiàn)混亂。由此可知，obediently在此處最可能是“順從地”的意思，四個選項中dutifully具有“忠實地”的意思，與此相近。因此C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Schoolstartedona（

）colddayinFebruary.

問題1選項

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞、副詞詞義辨析。severe“嚴厲的”；bitter“嚴寒刺骨地”；such“這樣的”；frozen“凍結的”。句意：在二月份極度寒冷的一天開學了。選項B符合題意。

5.填空題

Duringthepasttenorfifteenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeen（1）to“tellingitlikeitis,”“or“l(fā)ettingitallhangout.”Myimpressionisthatthisoverzealousdevotiontospeakingone’smindhasmoreoftenledtohurtfeelingsandruinedrelationshipsthantogreatjoyandfulfillment.

Ithinkwegenerallyagreethatneverexpressingrealfeelingsandrepressingallless-than-lovelythoughtsabouteachother

（2）

leadstoconstructivecommunication.It’sagreatrelieftoallowourselvestheluxuryofacknowledgingourhumanfrailtiesandpursuingmorehonestrelationshipswithothers.Butweneedtostrikea

（3）

betweentellingitallandtellingnothing.

RecentlyIreceivedaletterfromamotherwhohadbeenpersuadedbyhertroubledtwenty-five-year-oldsontoattendaweekendmarathonwithhim.Underpressurefromthegroup,herdefensescollapsedandsheheardherselftellinghersonforthefirsttimethathehadbeenanaccident—thatshehadn’tbeenplanningtohaveachild.Hein

（4）

toldherthathecouldn’trecallasingledayinhischildhoodthathe’dbeenhappy.

“Atthattime,”thiswomanwrote，“itseemedhelpful.Wecriedandwemade

（5）

;Ithoughttellingthetruthhadbeengoodforus.Butthetroubleis,itwasn’tthewholetruth.BythetimeTommywasbornIdidwanthim,andat

（6）

hewashappy.Eversincethatday,we’vebothbeenhauntedbysometerriblefeelingsweshared.”ImustadmitthatI’vecometotheconclusionthatsomethingsarebetterleftunsaid.Honestyisafinepolicyas

（7）

asweknowwhatthetruthreallyis—butmostofthetimewedon’t.It’safinegoaltoencouragechildrentoexpresstheirrealfeelings.Andmanymarriageshavebeensavedbyanopenconfrontationofdeepandpainfulmisunderstandings.Butweneedanewsenseofbalance.Disclosureisnotapanaceaforeveryproblem

（8）

evenanendinitself.It’susefulandfreeingundersomecircumstancesandterriblyhurtfulanddamagingunderothers.

It’sagoodidea,Ithink,to

（9）

yourtonguefortenorfifteenminutesbeforesayingwhat’s

（10）

yourmind.Trytodecidewhetherit’sgoingtoopenupnewandbetteravenuesofcommunicationorleavewoundsthatmayneverheal.

【答案】1.考查固定搭配。attention一般與give相搭配，此處表示被動，用被動語態(tài)given。

試題答案：given

2.考查上下文語義。此處表示從不表達真實的感情很取得有效的溝通，故用否定形式hardly，意為“幾乎不”。

試題答案：hardly

3.考查上下文語義。此句意為：但我們需要在說出這一切和什么都不說之間取得平衡。strikeabalance意為“達成平衡，調和折衷”。

試題答案：balance

4.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過來”。

試題答案：turn

5.考查固定搭配。makeup意為“和解，和好”。

試題答案：up

6.考查固定搭配。attimes意為“有時”。

試題答案：times

7.考查固定搭配。aslongas意為“只要”。

試題答案：long

8.考查固定搭配。nor意為“也不”，not...nor意為“不……也不”，表示否定兩者。

試題答案：nor

9.考查固定搭配。biteone’stongue意為“忍住不說話”。

試題答案：bite

10.考查固定搭配。onone’smind意為“使人擔心，惦記”。

試題答案：on

6.單選題

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.

2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

B.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

C.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

D.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

問題2選項

A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

B.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

C.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

D.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

問題3選項

A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

B.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

C.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

D.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

問題4選項

A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

B.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

C.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

D.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理學家認為，處方特權會給他們帶來更大的經濟回報?！笨芍恍┬睦磲t(yī)生更希望獲得處方權是因為這能給他們帶來更多的錢財報酬。之后作者用數(shù)據(jù)論證該論點。答案C

第2題:細節(jié)事實題?！癐fpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理學家開始開藥，許多尋求替代治療的患者可能會轉向社會工作者或其他非醫(yī)療治療師?！笨芍狣項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。從第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.當人們選擇精神藥物學治療時，護理標準更清晰，身體傷害的可能性更大，從而使原告更容易證明他們的指控。根據(jù)各州的情況，精神科醫(yī)療事故的發(fā)生率比精神科醫(yī)療事故的覆蓋率高24倍?！笨芍斝睦韺W家獲得處方權，即成為精神藥物學家時，醫(yī)療事故的指控會增多，因為人們更容易找到由于護理不當對身體造成的傷害的控訴證據(jù)。故C項正確。

第4題:主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段提到了如果心理醫(yī)生獲得開處方的權利，那么將會對這種職業(yè)產生深遠影響，并且指出大部分人喜歡傳統(tǒng)的心理療法，而非藥物治療。第三段提到了藥物治療的好處，最后一段提到了藥物治療的弊端即造成醫(yī)療事故的控訴不斷增多。故作者認為藥物治療是存在爭議的。B項正確。ACD三項在文中都未提及。

7.單選題

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

問題1選項

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

問題2選項

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

問題3選項

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

問題4選項

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

問題5選項

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

問題6選項

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

問題7選項

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”獵人和他的家人經常幾天吃不到肉,說明這些動物都躲著獵人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內容可知,飼養(yǎng)植物和馴養(yǎng)動物的啟示是人類文明的重要步驟之一,并沒有說明人類進入了文明社會,所以選項D不正確；農業(yè)本身并沒有創(chuàng)造文明,但是如果沒有農業(yè),人類不可能在一個地方定居足夠長的時間來建立一個永久的家園。也就是說,有了農業(yè),人不必再過游牧生活。選項A正確。

3.根據(jù)原文可知,選項B在文中沒有提及；選項C和D是文中已知的信息；根據(jù)第五段的內容可知,人們從他們的經驗中掌握了種植農作物的方法。所以選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”當某一地區(qū)的野味和植物供應被耗盡時,整個部落被迫遷移到一個新的、有希望成為更好的地區(qū)。選項C符合原文。

6.根據(jù)第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人類學家不確定人類何時或如何學會耕種。他們認為這可能是偶然觀察的結果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜測,所以選項B正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”隨著農業(yè)的發(fā)現(xiàn),人類停止了動物般的存在,開始建立文明的基礎。選項D符合原文。

8.單選題

ThomasPainewascommittedtospeakingthetruthbluntly______.

問題1選項

A.asheunderstoodit

B.hehadunderstanding

C.wasunderstood

D.thathisunderstandingwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。句子結構完整，所以空格處應該是做修飾的成分。A項as引導方式狀語，表示“按照……”，B項本身不符合語法結構；C項不應再出現(xiàn)謂語動詞was；D項that在引導一個缺成分的從句，不符合語法結構。句意：托馬斯?潘恩(ThomasPaine)致力于直言不諱地說出他所理解的真相。故正確答案為A。

9.單選題

Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.

問題1選項

A.species

B.specimen

C.spectrum

D.sample

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項species“物種”；B選項specimen“樣品，標本”；C選項spectrum“光譜”；D選項sample“樣本”。句意：游客說這種動物是他以前從未見過的物種。選項A符合句意。

10.填空題

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget（1）forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore，inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise（2）thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople，forinstancecannotcount（3）anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto（4）theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop（5）somenecessaryitems，suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup，inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes（6），too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith（7）prices，thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame（8）ofmoney，buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom（9）therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100，andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes（10）possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods，forexample，withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥那耙痪浣忉屃耸裁词峭ㄘ浥蛎洠合M需求增加，物價上漲，從而貨幣貶值。用同樣的錢買到的東西比以前要少，所以空格處填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介詞in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望，依靠”，退休人員指望不上收入能夠隨著物價上漲而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“滿足某人的需要”，老年人在通貨膨脹的時代無法讓自己的收入來滿足自己的需求。

5.考查動詞用法。空格處所在句子的前一句句意是：許多退休人員為了跟上上漲的物價，必須要縮減自己的開支。由此可知他們放棄了很多需要購買的東西，buying符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通貨膨脹，導致了生活開支水平下降。

7.考查前后邏輯。全文一直提到物價上漲，空格處需要填寫的也是一個表示物價增長的詞，rising符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等數(shù)量的”。

9.考查定語從句。定語從句用來修飾priceindexes（價格指數(shù)），which符合題意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成為可能”。

11.單選題

Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogs,whichservemaninallthreecapacities,arefoundinvariousbreedsinallcountriesoftheworld.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.Theinhabitantsofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkey,strongandsure-footed,carryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplaces,isafamiliarsight.

Trainedandtamedformanygenerations,domesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaming(到處走動)insearchoffoodandshelter.Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.

Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthem,sufficientinquantity,freshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistless(倦怠的)anddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.

Evenwellcaredforanimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappens,thewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.

1.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Whenananimalisunderfed,itwillprobably________.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?

4.Tokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfit,itsownerisadvised________.

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbebestTITLEforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.

B.Ananimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticated.

C.Thereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworld.

D.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.

問題2選項

A.requireitsmastertooffersomefood

B.seekforfoodonitsown

C.refusetoobeyitsmaster

D.immediatelyfallill

問題3選項

A.Thereliveagreatvarietyofbreedsofdogsontheglobe.

B.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestbreedeverknownintheworld.

C.Theycanactasfriends,guards,andservantstoman.

D.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.

問題4選項

A.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexercise

B.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations

C.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonit

D.topayattentiontoitsproperfeeding

問題5選項

A.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimals.

B.SomeTipsonPet-keeping.

C.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestfriend.

D.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.（在世界上存在的成千上萬種不同的動物中，人類已經學會了與大量的動物交朋友。），可知人類和許多動物關系密切，隨后舉出具體的例子，D選項“人與許多動物建立了密切的關系”正確。A選項“在某些地區(qū)，驢似乎是一種非常有用的牲畜”，B選項“除非被馴化，否則動物是無用的”和C選項“世界上有成千上萬種動物”不是表達的重點。因此D選項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneeds,andaslongasthesearesupplied,theyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequire.（他們指望主人滿足他們的需要，只要主人滿足了他們的需要，他們就滿足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的滿足放在主人身上，如果不被滿足，就不會服從主人，C選項“拒絕服從主人”正確，B選項“尋找食物”錯誤。A選項“要求它的主人給一些食物”：動物不會表達明確的要求，故錯誤。D選項“很快病倒”：根據(jù)第三段第三句Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps,andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemslistlessanddull.（有些人用餐桌上的殘羹剩飯來喂寵物狗或貓，然后又想知道為什么這些動物看起來無精打采。），可知缺乏營養(yǎng)不會讓動物馬上病倒，而是沒有精神。因此C選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第四句TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregions,andtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfrica.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的極地地區(qū)，而薩盧基則生活在中非最熱的地區(qū)。），哈士奇和薩盧基分別可以在極寒和極熱的地方生活，可以說明狗對環(huán)境的適應力很強，但不能說明它們是最強壯的狗，A選項“地球上生活著各種品種的狗”和D選項“他們對環(huán)境有很大的適應能力”符合文章內容，B選項“哈士奇和薩盧基是世界上已知的最強壯的品種”不符合文章內容。C選項“他們可以充當人類的朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Somearepets,andofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotection,andsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.（有些是寵物，給他陪伴，有些給他保護，有些做人類自己不能做的艱苦工作。），分別對應朋友、守衛(wèi)和仆人的角色，符合文章內容。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。作者在第三段第一句提出Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.（所有的家畜都需要適當進食。），隨后具體地說明如何適當進食，D選項“注意適當喂養(yǎng)”正確。A選項“不允許它進行過量的運動”：文中沒有提到。B選項“加入寵物飼養(yǎng)組織”：根據(jù)第四段第三句Allsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimals,andinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeoratacheapprice.（生病的動物可以得到各種各樣的藥物和治療，在一些國家有組織免費或低價提供。），可知這主要是針對治病，而不是保持身體健康。C選項“毫不猶豫地花大量的錢來照顧”：Useful,friendly,hardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometime,moneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.（這些有用、友好、勤勞的動物值得為它們的健康花費一些時間、金錢和注意力。），這里指花費一些金錢而不是大量。因此D選項正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出人類需要家養(yǎng)動物，第二段講家養(yǎng)動物需要人類獲取住所和食物，第三段和第四段講如何照顧家養(yǎng)動物，綜合來看，C選項“家養(yǎng)動物——人類最好的朋友”正確。A選項“飼養(yǎng)家畜的優(yōu)點”和B選項“養(yǎng)寵物的一些建議”：是文章的部分內容，不足以概括全文。D選項“正確的飲食——通往健康之路”：文章不是講飲食，而是家養(yǎng)動物。因此C選項正確。

12.翻譯題

Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Theman,who,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.Andif,withthedecayofvitality,wearinessincreases,thethoughtofrestwillnotbeunwelcome.Ishouldwishtodiewhilestillatwork,knowingthatotherswillcarryonwhatIcannolongerdoandcontentinthethoughtthatwhatwaspossiblehasbeendone.

【答案】參考譯文：

一個人的存在應該像一條河流——開始是涓涓細流，被限制在狹窄的河岸之間，然后熱情奔放地沖過巖石，越過瀑布。漸漸地，河面變寬了，河岸也遠去，河水流動得更加平靜。最后，它沒有間斷地融入了大海，而后便毫無痛苦地消失了自我。能夠這樣理解自己一生的老人，就不會因害怕死亡而痛苦，因為他所珍愛的一切都會繼續(xù)存在下去。而且，隨著精力的衰退，倦意的增加，長眠的想法并不是不受歡迎的。我希望死于尚能勞作之時，知道別人會繼續(xù)我未竟的事業(yè)，一想到能做的事都做了，就感到滿足。

13.寫作題

Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakesomecoursesoutsidehisorherfieldofstudybecauseacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducated.

Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?

Youshouldwriteatleast250words.

Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceandsupportyourargumentswithexamplesandrelevantevidence.

【答案】Universityissuchaplacewhereonecangetknowledgeneededinlife.Afterenteringuniversity,everystudentisaskedtochooseaspecificmajor,andthenstudycourseswithintherestrictedfield.However,ifastudentwantstobetrulyeducated,heshouldtakesomecoursesoutsidehisfieldofstudyforacquiringknowledgeofdifferentacademicfieldsisthebestwaytobecometrulyeducat