考研考博-英語-上海中僑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中僑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為公眾對于沖突的理解過于簡單。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，確定沖突的最佳水平可能比這些簡單的概括要復(fù)雜得多?！笨芍_定沖突的最佳水平存在困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人驚訝的是，Schwenk發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于沖突的看法隨著組織類型的不同而系統(tǒng)地變化?！苯酉聛矸謩e列舉了盈利機(jī)構(gòu)和非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)對待沖突的不同看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利為目的的組織中，決策效能最常以財(cái)務(wù)術(shù)語來評估。高管們認(rèn)為，共識而不是沖突可以增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)?！笨芍麢C(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為共識能增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)“成功在于統(tǒng)一的意見（共識）”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非營利性組織中，決策有效性是從令人滿意的群體的角度來定義的。考慮到滿足許多不同成員的復(fù)雜性和模糊性，高管們認(rèn)為沖突導(dǎo)致了更深思熟慮和可接受的決定?！笨芍诜怯詸C(jī)構(gòu)里人們可以表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

PerhapstherealvirtueoftheUglyRipe’s“ugliness,”whichisnothingcomparedwiththedeformedbeautyoftrueheirloomtomatoes,isthatithelpsusseehowstrangetheuniformityofregularwintertomatoesreallyis.Forabackyardgrower,tasteiseverything.Butincommercialproduction,tasteisanabstraction.Itiswhat’sleftafteralltheothercriteriaforagoodcommercialtomatohavebeenmet:diseaseresistance,regularshape,consistentripening,theabilitytowithstandpickingandpackingandshipping,alongshelflife.Tasteistoosubjective,accordingtotheFloridaTomatoCommittee,tojudgetomatoesby.

TheUglyRipemaybeabettertomato.Afterall,itsgrowershaveselectedforbettertaste,notperfectshape.ButonethingthatwouldcertainlymaketheUglyRipeabettertomatoisadifferentwayofgrowingit.SantaSweetsproducesorganicUglyRipes,buttheyarefewandhardtofind.Itnowgrowsitsconventionaltomatoeswithoutusingagriculturalchemicalsthatcarryreproductiverisks—butitstillusesmethylbromide,apowerful,ozonedepletingpesticide,tofumigatethesoilinwhichconventionalUglyRipesgrow.

UnderthetermsoftheMontrealProtocol,theuseofmethylbromidewassupposedtobephasedoutcompletelybyJanuary2005.Butforthepastfewyears,theBushadministrationhasclaimedanexemptionfor“criticaluses,”oneofwhichisgrowingwintertomatoesinFlorida.Weusedtoconsideritaluxurytoeatfruitsandvegetablesoutofseason.Butwhatweeatoutofseasonhasbeenmachinedtowithstandtherigorsofthesupplychainandproducedinwaysthatonlyourignorancecansustain.Thetruthisthatthereisnoluxurynorcriticaluse—init.Evenanugly,better-tastingwintertomatoisn’tworththeprice.

59.Theword“machined”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

60.Thecriteriaforagoodcommercialtomatodoesnotinclude（）.

61.（）makestheUglyRipebetter.

62.Methylbromideisusedto（）.

63.Methylbromide,apowerfulozone-depletingpesticide（）.

64.Themainpointofthisarticleis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amachinethathasbeenused

B.usingasamachine

C.unconditioned

D.conditioned

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytowithstandpicking,packing,andshipping

B.consistentripening

C.brightredcolor

D.disease,resistance

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsshape

B.Itsshelflife

C.Itstaste

D.Itsbrightredcolor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fumigatethesoil

B.fumigatetheplants

C.fumigatethetomato

D.noneoftheabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.iscommonlyusedtoday

B.issafefortheatmosphere

C.wastobecompletelyphasedoutbyJanuary2005

D.issafefortheenvironment

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.findingtomatoesthattastegood

B.whatbackyardgrowersneedmost

C.thereisnoluxurynorcriticaluseworththepriceofpoisoningourenvironment

D.whatyoudon’tknowwon’thurtyou

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:C

【解析】59.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Butwhatweeatoutofseasonhasbeenmachinedtowithstandtherigorsofthesupplychainandproducedinwaysthatonlyourignorancecansustain（但我們吃的非季節(jié)性食物經(jīng)過加工，經(jīng)受住了供應(yīng)鏈的嚴(yán)酷考驗(yàn)，而且只有我們的無知才能維持下去），最后一段講到：人們以前認(rèn)為吃非季節(jié)性水果或蔬菜很奢侈，然而現(xiàn)在這些非季節(jié)性產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了供應(yīng)的需求，因?yàn)槿藗兪褂棉r(nóng)藥大量的生產(chǎn)非季節(jié)性水果或蔬菜。所以machine在這里的意思是表示“適應(yīng)”。D選項(xiàng)“使適應(yīng)”，符合文章詞義，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“被使用過的機(jī)器”，文章的詞義應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，A選項(xiàng)名詞可排除。B選項(xiàng)“作為機(jī)器使用”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“無條件的”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句Itiswhat’sleftafteralltheothercriteriaforagoodcommercialtomatohavebeenmet:diseaseresistance,regularshape,consistentripening,theabilitytowithstandpickingandpackingandshipping,alongshelflife.（它是在一個(gè)好的商業(yè)番茄的所有其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都得到滿足之后剩下的東西：抗病、形狀規(guī)則、成熟一致、經(jīng)得起采摘、包裝和運(yùn)輸?shù)哪芰?、保質(zhì)期長）。C選項(xiàng)“明艷大紅色彩”，在文章沒有提到，C選項(xiàng)可排除。A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)得起挑選、包裝和運(yùn)輸?shù)哪芰Α?，文章提到，?jīng)得起采摘、包裝和運(yùn)輸?shù)哪芰?，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“一致的成熟”，文章提到，成熟一致，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“抗病性”，文章提到，抗病能力，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句TheUglyRipemaybeabettertomato.Afterall,itsgrowershaveselectedforbettertaste,notperfectshape.（UglyRipe可能是更好的番茄。畢竟，它的種植者選擇更好的口味，而不是完美的形狀）。C選項(xiàng)“它的口感”，符合文章內(nèi)容，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。A選項(xiàng)“它的形狀”，跟文章內(nèi)容正好相反，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“它的保質(zhì)期”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“鮮紅的顏色”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

62.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句butitstillusesmethylbromide,apowerful,ozone-depletingpesticidetofumigatethesoil.（但它仍然使用甲基溴，一種強(qiáng)大的、消耗臭氧的殺蟲劑來熏蒸土壤），A選項(xiàng)“用煙熏消毒土壤”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)正確，B選項(xiàng)“香薰植物”，文章沒有提到香薰植物，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“香薰番茄”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

63.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句theuseofmethylbromidewassupposedtobephasedoutcompletelybyJanuary2005（甲基溴的使用應(yīng)該在2005年1月之前完全停止），也就是說這種農(nóng)藥會完全停止。bephasedout（逐漸淘汰，逐漸停止），C選項(xiàng)“會在2005年1月前完全淘汰”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在被廣泛使用”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“對大氣安全”，文章提到甲基溴是一種強(qiáng)消耗農(nóng)藥，可知會對大氣造成污染。D選項(xiàng)“對環(huán)境安全”，文章提到農(nóng)藥會破壞環(huán)境，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章從西紅柿的種植開始，到最后一段講到農(nóng)藥的使用，才涉及到了文章的主題“thetruthisthatthereisnoluxury—norcriticaluse—init”這里的it指的便是環(huán)境。這些關(guān)鍵性的使用和奢侈的代價(jià)絕沒有破換環(huán)境的代價(jià)大。A選項(xiàng)“找到好吃的西紅柿”，B選項(xiàng)“這是后院種植者最需要的”，C選項(xiàng)“任何奢侈或重要用途都不值得我們?yōu)槲廴经h(huán)境付出代價(jià)”和D選項(xiàng)“你不知道的事不會傷害你”中對文章的主旨概括最準(zhǔn)確的是C選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.填空題

Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.Itcouldbeafavoritecomerofthekitchen,orawoodpaneledden.Whatdoes（

）isthattheychoosetobetogether.Foritisthesupport,thestrength,thebondsandtraditionsofthefamilythatgiveuswhatweallneedmostinlife.Allthesecanbefoundinagoodhome.Homeisthestagewherethedramaoflifeisplayed,theclassroomwherechildrenlearnright

（

）wrong,andtheplacewhereold-fashionedidealslikecourageandhonesty,respect

（

）

oneselfandothersarepassed

（

）

fromonegenerationtothe

（

）

.

Weareconcerned

（

）

theerosionofthesevaluesthatshouldbetaughtathome.Weseethegrowingproblemsofsociety—brokenhomes,crime,drugs,andjuveniledelinquency—andareshockedbythetraumatheyinflict

（

）

families,especiallychildren.Ourover-burdenedschoolscannolonger

（

）

theseproblemsconfrontingoursociety.Thereisonlyoneplacewherewecanregainthevaluesandintegritythatwill

（

）

theseills.Wemustturn

（

）

thehome—ourpieceoftheworld—theplacewhereitallbegins.

【答案】考查上下文語義。由前面的“Itdoesn’tmatterwhichroomafamilychoosestogatherin.”一個(gè)家庭選擇哪一個(gè)房間并不重要，可知填matter，此句意為：重要的是他們選擇在一起。

試題答案：matter

考查介詞搭配。from意為“（表示來源）來自……”，learnrightfromwrong意為“明白是非”。

試題答案：from

考查介詞搭配。respectfor意為“尊敬，尊重”。

試題答案：for

考查固定搭配。passdown意為“傳下來，傳承”。

試題答案：down

考查上下文語義。fromonegenerationtothenext意為“從一代到下一代”。

試題答案：next

考查介詞搭配。beconcernedaboutsth.意為“關(guān)心某事”。

試題答案：about

考查介詞搭配。inflicton意為“使……受痛苦”

試題答案：on

考查上下文語義。solveproblems意為“解決問題”。

試題答案：solve

考查上下文語義。curetheseills意為“治療這些疾病”。此句意為：只有在一個(gè)地方，我們才能重獲價(jià)值和誠信，才能治愈這些弊病。

試題答案：cure

考查介詞搭配。turnto意為“轉(zhuǎn)向”

試題答案：to

4.單選題

Thecommitteeis（

）adecisionfromtheheadquartersbeforeittakesanyaction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waiting

B.awaitingfor

C.awaiting

D.anticipating

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。wait“等候”；awaitfor這個(gè)詞組不常見；await“等候”；anticipate“預(yù)期；期望”。句意：采取任何行動(dòng)之前，委員會正在等待總部的一個(gè)決定。wait后面要接一個(gè)介詞for再加等待的對象；await可以直接接賓語。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.

Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincethedaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.

Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfiiturefuelavailabilitysubsided（減退）intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.

Themotorvehicleindustry'sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.

Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative（革新的）transportationpolicies.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Thephrase"rolledoffassemblylines"（Para.I,Lines2）means（）.

3.Thepassagestatesthatthereis（）.

4.Itisimpliedthattheauto'sassuredroleinsocietyis（）.

5.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.

B.Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravelfree.

C.Agoodcarindicatesitsowner'shighsocialposition.

D.Acaraddstoitsowner'sattractiveness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A."wereturnedoutfromfactories"

B."movedalongproductionlines"

C."movedalongthestreets"

D."werelinedupinthestreets"

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecars

B.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecars

C.asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrules

D.asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.threatenedbytherisinggasprices

B.challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblems

C.protectedbylaw

D.firmlyestablished

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuse

B.thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcars

C.innovativetransportationpolicies

D.futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.私人轎車給個(gè)人所帶來的流動(dòng)性、便利性和地位，似乎具有無與倫比的吸引力。”由此可知，一輛好車能夠彰顯車主較高的社會地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。rolloff指的是“從...復(fù)印出...”；assemblylines指的是“工廠組裝線”。車從工廠組裝線復(fù)印出，也就是說，車被一輛一輛的組裝生產(chǎn)出來，所以選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem．但是汽車對個(gè)人的有用性與社會為提供一個(gè)以汽車為中心的交通系統(tǒng)所必須承擔(dān)的成本和負(fù)擔(dān)形成了鮮明的對比?！币簿褪瞧嚱o車主帶來的便利與給社會帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)之間的尖銳矛盾，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.在七十年代之前，汽車的實(shí)用性和它在社會中的作用幾乎沒有受到質(zhì)疑。”但是在最后一段首句，作者提到“Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.社會對燃料供應(yīng)的安全性、城市完整性和對環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)注，要求我們從根本上重新思考汽車的作用。”也就是說，曾經(jīng)汽車在社會中可靠的角色現(xiàn)在受到了一系列根本問題的挑戰(zhàn)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三句“Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.更嚴(yán)格的燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和污染標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可以采取的最明顯和最直接的措施。但它們只是答案的一部分?！庇纱丝芍?，這只是大規(guī)模汽車使用的部分解決方案。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

6.單選題

PoorWilliamsisinhospitalagain.Theunluckyfellowseems（）toaccidents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prone

B.destined

C.bound

D.disposed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prone“俯臥的；有……傾向的，易于……的”；B選項(xiàng)destined“注定的；命定的”；C選項(xiàng)bound“有義務(wù)的；必定的；受約束的”；D選項(xiàng)disposed“有……傾向的；打算做……的”。句意：可憐的威廉再次住院。這個(gè)不幸的家伙看上去易于遭受事故。結(jié)合句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hetoldmethatthenumberofstudentsattendingthemeeting（

）over100.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他告訴我參加會議的學(xué)生人數(shù)超過了100人。

語法題?？疾橹髦^一致。此句為賓語從句。賓語從句的主語為thenumber,因此其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。而且主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),所以賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致。故選D。

8.單選題

Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carefullyenough

B.enoughcarefully

C.morethancareful

D.morecarefully

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。morethan用于形容詞或副詞前，意思為“非常；十分”。根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞確定C選項(xiàng)morethancareful“非常小心”正確。其余選項(xiàng)中carefully是副詞，不放在be動(dòng)詞后面。句意：要處理這個(gè)微妙的局面，你必須非常小心。C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered,asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfulltimejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutintherecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）

2.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat（

）

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentwereoverwhelminginthat（

）

4.Thearticleconcludesthat（

）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation.

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures.

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongtheunemployed.

D.thenowadayshighunemploymentfiguresareatruthoflife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity.

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’scontrol.

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged.

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereversed.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely.

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork.

C.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered.

D.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility.

B.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient.

C.peopleshouldbeginsupportingthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill.

D.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，高失業(yè)率確實(shí)是現(xiàn)在存在的一種社會現(xiàn)象，并且會持續(xù)下去。所以選項(xiàng)中“atruthoflife”最符合題意，選項(xiàng)D最符合題意。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbrought”，第四段中“hefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries”可以看出工業(yè)時(shí)代的到來推動(dòng)了整個(gè)工業(yè)模式的變化。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段。所有人都受到了就業(yè)影響，其中也包括“thosenotinpaid”，那些沒有受雇的人，如學(xué)生和退休人員，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的最后一句中“withoutfulltimejobs”，可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“l(fā)azy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根據(jù)柏林自由大學(xué)蘭道夫?門澤爾教授的最新研究，蜜蜂廣為流傳的終極辛勤工作者形象是不準(zhǔn)確的。），說明最新研究表明人們之前對蜜蜂的印象是不準(zhǔn)確的。因此C選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂本性的認(rèn)識”正確。A選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識”，B選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了我們對蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識”，本文討論的不是蜜蜂之間的關(guān)系，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了我們對蜜蜂本性的認(rèn)識”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、記憶力和快速學(xué)習(xí)能力來彌補(bǔ)它們明顯的懶惰。），說明蘭道夫?門澤爾教授不同意蜜蜂很勤勞的觀點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂是勤勞的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂的學(xué)習(xí)能力很強(qiáng)”，C選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂有高智商”，D選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂有良好的記憶力”都是教授認(rèn)同的蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（英國養(yǎng)蜂人協(xié)會的主席格林?戴維斯說，蜜蜂不是懶惰而是有效率……也許人類應(yīng)該向它們學(xué)習(xí)，而不是像無頭雞一樣跑來跑去。），說明格林?戴維斯認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該向蜜蜂學(xué)習(xí)如何提高工作效率。因此D選項(xiàng)“如何提高工作的效率”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如何更快地工作”，B選項(xiàng)“如何活得更久”，C選項(xiàng)“如何相互合作”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy（也許與德國的工作效率相比，蜜蜂確實(shí)看起來很懶），說明德國人很忙碌，工作很勤奮，蜜蜂和其對比起來就顯得比較懶惰。因此B選項(xiàng)“非常忙碌和努力工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“容易受到民族性格的影響”，原文說的是門澤爾教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影響，而不是說德國人，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“與蜜蜂有許多共同之處”，D選項(xiàng)“傾向于看不起懶惰的人”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，雖然有最新研究的結(jié)果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奮的形象還是很難改變，最后用IBM的廣告舉例表明人們?nèi)匀缓艹绨菝鄯淝趭^的特性。因此A選項(xiàng)“顯示了忙碌的蜜蜂這一觀念的流行”正確。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)了忙碌的蜜蜂的負(fù)面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一種負(fù)面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)公眾對忙碌的蜜蜂形象的討論”，原文沒有描述其引發(fā)的討論，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑忙碌的蜜蜂與人類的比較”，原文沒有質(zhì)疑，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

11.單選題

Adecadeago,mostpatientswereinformedoverthephoneorinpersonbythedoctors.Butinthepastfewyears,hospitalsandmedicalpracticeshaveurgedpatientstosignupforportals,whichallowthemrapid,round-the-clockaccesstotheirrecords.Labtestsarenowreleaseddirectlytopatients.

Thepushforportalshasbeenfueledbyseveralfactors:thewidespreadembraceoftechnology,incentivepaymentstomedicalpracticesandhospitalsthatwerepartof2009federallegislationtoencourage“meaningfuluse”ofelectronicrecords,anda2014federalrulegivingpatientsdirectaccesstotheirresults.Policymakershavelongregardedelectronicmedicalrecordsasawaytofoster