考研考博-英語-井岡山大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-井岡山大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗長的”；B選項(xiàng)subordinate“從屬的；次要的”；C選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的；通用的”；D選項(xiàng)trivial“不重要的，瑣碎的；瑣細(xì)的”。句意：只是因?yàn)槲沂撬南聦?，我的老板就認(rèn)為，他可以在對(duì)我沒有表示任何尊敬的情況下把我差來差去。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中國夢(mèng)，是習(xí)近平主席提出的指導(dǎo)思想。他認(rèn)為，這是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢(mèng)想，這個(gè)夢(mèng)想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國夢(mèng)的核心目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。具體來說，就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)國家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)。只有國家全面科學(xué)發(fā)展，個(gè)人才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。同樣，只有每個(gè)人都充滿激情，中國夢(mèng)才會(huì)美麗。

3.翻譯題

人類文化從整體來說，是各國、各民族文化匯聚、交流的產(chǎn)物?，F(xiàn)代國際間的文化交流，更是以空前的規(guī)模、內(nèi)容、形式和手段，在直接間接地進(jìn)行著。

交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實(shí)上，在現(xiàn)代國家中，絕對(duì)不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過：“任何國家的文明，來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉，那么，英國的文化就所剩無幾了?！?/p>

【答案】【參考譯文】Takenasawhole,humancultureistheproductofthemergingofandexchangebetweenthecultureofallnationsandnationalities.Moderninternationalculturalexchangegoesdirectlyandindirectlywithitsscale,content,formandmethodbeingunheardofbefore.

Communicationpromotesdevelopment.Acountry,oranation,ifnotinastateofisolationforalongperiodforreasonseithersubjectiveorobjective,willbenefitfromthisexchangetoagreaterorlessextent.

Infact,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-existent.Awell-knownforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinvention.VerylittlewouldremainofEnglishcultureifallitselementswhichhaveaforeignoriginorbearssomeforeigninfluencewereeliminated.”

4.翻譯題

很多人認(rèn)為沒有兄弟姐妹的孩子很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢缘玫轿镔|(zhì)享受和別人的注意。但是想一想獨(dú)生子女沒有隱私父母總是感覺自己有權(quán)知道發(fā)生在他或她生活中的一切。身為獨(dú)生子女的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是缺少某些優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這恰恰是有兄弟姐妹的孩子所擁有的。獨(dú)生子女無法因?yàn)槭虑槌鲥e(cuò)而責(zé)備兄弟姐妹，或是索要哥哥姐姐以前曾被給予的特權(quán)。此外，獨(dú)生子女也失去了兄弟姐妹的陪伴。結(jié)果就是孤獨(dú)，以及在日后的生活中交朋友也會(huì)遇到麻煩，因?yàn)樗麄儚奈磳W(xué)過與兄弟或姐妹相處。

【答案】Manypeoplebelievethatchildrenwithoutsiblingsareverylucky,becausetheyhaveaccesstohighermaterialcomfortandmoreattentions.However,singlechildren,generallyspeaking,arenotentitledtoprivacyrightbecauseparentsalwaysthinktheymustlearnaboutwhattheirchildrenhavemetanddone.Beingsinglechildren,theywillbelackofsomeadvantagesthatthosehavingsiblingspossess,suchasblamingsiblingsforhavingdonewrongandclaimingsomeprivilegeswhichelderbrothersorsistershaveaswellasbeingaccompaniedbythem.Asaresult,fortheyfeellonelyandhavenoexperiencesgettingalongwithsiblings,singlechildrenwillencounterdifficultyinmakingfriendsinthefuture.

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Before1945,hardlyanyoneoutsideofNewMexicohadeverheardofAlamogordo.In1960itspopulationnumbered21,723.Eversince1898,whenthetownhadbeenbuiltbytheSouthernPacificRailroad,Alamogordohadbeenalonelytown.Thelandarounditwaslargelydesert,andlargelyempty.

Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.

AtdawnonJuly16,1945,theatomicbombwassetoff.Observersagreedthattheyhadwitnessedsomethingunlikeanythingeverseenbymenbefore,ahuge,colorfulfireball,morebrilliantthanthesunflashingasitroseformilesintotheair.Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.

Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.

Whennewsoftheatomicbombanditsdestructivenesswasannounced,peopleallovertheworldwonderedwhatothernewweaponswerebeingpreparedintheNewMexicodesert.Somepeopledoubtedthatthesecretofmakingatomicbombscouldbekeptfromothercountries.Someevendoubtedthewisdomofusingsopowerfulaweapon.Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.

1.Alamogordowaschosenasthetestsitemainlybecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthetoneofthispassage?

3.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

4.Afterthefirstatomicbombexplosion,everybodyagreedthat（）.

5.WhenwastheatomicbombdroppedonHiroshima?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itslocationwouldhidethesecretwell

B.italwayshadanenjoyableclimate

C.itwassituatedinsouthwesternNewMexico

D.itwasconnectedtoothercitiesbyarailway

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Encouragement.

B.Fear.

C.Anxiety.

D.Noneoftheabove.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theselectionofthetestsiteforthefirstatomicbomb

B.thedestructiveforceofthefirstatomicbomb

C.thesecretofAlamogordo

D.nuclearwar

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwasnotwisetousesuchapowerfulweapon

B.itwaswisetochooseAlamogordoasthetestsite

C.manhadenteredtheageofnuclear

D.itwasnotpossibletokeepthetechnologyofmakingatomicbombssecret

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AtdawnonJuly16,1945.

B.Severalweeksafterthetest.

C.Assoonasthesecretwasrevealed.

D.Immediatelyafterthetest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“chosenasthetestsite”可以定位到文章第二段Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.（由于地處偏僻，而且天氣幾乎總是晴朗平和，阿拉莫戈多附近的一處沙漠被選為有史以來第一顆原子彈爆炸的最后地點(diǎn)。），說明選擇阿拉莫戈多作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的原因是它地處偏僻，同時(shí)第四段最后一句也說到Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.（幾乎每個(gè)人都驚訝地得知炸彈是在哪里制造和測(cè)試的；西南部的沙漠很好地隱藏了這個(gè)秘密。），說明偏僻的沙漠能很好地隱藏秘密，是選擇其作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的原因。因此A選項(xiàng)“它的位置能很好地隱藏秘密”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它總是氣候宜人”，根據(jù)原文可知，天氣好是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它位于新墨西哥州西南部”只是介紹了阿拉莫戈多的位置，沒有說明選擇它作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的原因，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它通過鐵路與其他城市相連”，原文只說它是由南太平洋鐵路公司建成的，沒有說它和其他城市相連，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章首先介紹了阿拉莫戈多的背景，然后描述了原子彈爆炸事件和人們對(duì)其的反應(yīng)，整體是站在一個(gè)比較客觀的態(tài)度來講述事件經(jīng)過的，沒有加入個(gè)人的情感。A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)”，B選項(xiàng)“恐懼”，C選項(xiàng)“焦慮”均不符合文章基調(diào)，因此D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”正確。

第3題:主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞阿拉莫戈多這個(gè)地點(diǎn)展開敘述，首先介紹了它的位置和地理環(huán)境，引出下文它作為原子彈爆炸秘密試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)，這個(gè)秘密公開時(shí)所有人都感到很驚訝，因此C選項(xiàng)“阿拉莫戈多的秘密”符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“第一顆原子彈試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)的選定”，B選項(xiàng)“第一顆原子彈的破壞力”，D選項(xiàng)“核戰(zhàn)爭”都只說明了文章的一部分，不能代表全文的主旨，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.（但沒有人懷疑，一場新的戰(zhàn)爭——一個(gè)新的世界——在1945年夏天的一個(gè)早晨，從阿拉莫戈多開始了。），1945年夏天的早晨說明是第一顆原子彈爆炸的時(shí)間，新的戰(zhàn)爭和世界開始了說明人類開始使用原子彈等核武器，進(jìn)入了核武器時(shí)代。因此C選項(xiàng)“人類已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了核時(shí)代”正確。A選項(xiàng)“使用如此強(qiáng)大的武器是不明智的”只是部分人的想法，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“選擇阿拉莫戈多作為試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)是明智之舉”，D選項(xiàng)“制造原子彈的技術(shù)不可能保密”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

第5題:客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.（幾個(gè)星期以來，試驗(yàn)一直保密。當(dāng)一顆原子彈從美國飛機(jī)投到日本廣島時(shí)，美國各地的報(bào)紙和廣播電臺(tái)都在報(bào)道新墨西哥州的原子彈試驗(yàn)。），說明在試驗(yàn)之后過了幾周才正式投放原子彈。因此B選項(xiàng)“試驗(yàn)過后幾周”正確。A選項(xiàng)“1945年7月16日黎明時(shí)分”，由原文可知這是試驗(yàn)的時(shí)間，不是在廣島投下原子彈的時(shí)間，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“秘密一經(jīng)披露后”，當(dāng)在廣島投下原子彈之后，試驗(yàn)的秘密才被揭露，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“試驗(yàn)后立即投放”，由原文可知是過了幾周后才投放的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestroute

C.whichseemedtobetilebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute

【答案】B

【解析】本句缺少的成分是賓語從句，只有選項(xiàng)B能作為賓語從句。that一般引導(dǎo)同位語從句；選項(xiàng)C缺少先行詞；選項(xiàng)D用法不正確，所以本題選B。

7.單選題

Whilesomebusinessexecutivesrepeatedtheirobjectionstothenewsmokingrestrictions,otherssaidtheywantedmoretimeto（

）theimpactoftoday'sdecision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attest

B.obtain

C.affect

D.weigh

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一些企業(yè)經(jīng)管人員對(duì)新的吸煙限制條件表示反對(duì)，另外一部分人表示需要更多的時(shí)間去權(quán)衡如今決定的影響。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Attest證明,證實(shí);obtain獲得;affect影響,感染,感動(dòng);weigh權(quán)衡,考慮,稱重量。故D符合句意。

8.單選題

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未覺察到的”；patent“專利的；顯然的”；obvious“明顯的；顯著的”；pernicious“有害的；惡性的。句意：中國人經(jīng)常握住我的手不放。他們非常滿意地交流，沒有察覺到我的不舒服和試圖解開自己的手。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Untilrecentlymostastronomersbelievedthatthespacebetweenthegalaxiesinouruniversewasanearperfectvacuum.Thisorthodoxviewoftheuniverseisnowbeingchallengedbyastronomerswhobelievethataheavy“rain”ofgasisfallingintomanygalaxiesfromthesupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.Thegasapparentlycondensesintoacollectionofsmallsupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.Thegasapparentlycondensesintoacollectionofsmallstars,eachalittlelargerthantheplanetJupiter.Thesestarsvastlyoutnumbertheotherstarsinagivengalaxy.Theamountof“intergalacticrainfall”intosomeofthesegalaxieshasbeenenoughtodoubletheirmassinthetimesincetheyformed.Scientistshavebeguntosuspectthatthisintergalacticgasisprobablyamixtureofgasesleftoverfromthe“bigbang”whenthegalaxieswereformedandgaswasforcedoutofgalaxiesbysupernovaexplosions.

Itiswellknownthatwhengasiscooledataconstantpressureitsvolumedecreases.Thus,thephysicistFabianreasonedthatasintergalacticgascools,thecoolergasshrinksinwardtowardthecenterofthegalaxy.Meanwhileitsplaceistakenbyhotterintergalacticgasfromfartheroutontheedgeofthegalaxy,whichcoolsasitiscompressedandflowsintothegalaxy.Thenetresultisacontinuousflowofgas,startingashotgasesinintergalacticspaceandendingasadrizzleofcoolgascalleda“coolingflow,”fallingintothecentralgalaxy.Afairlyhereticalideainthe1970’s,thecooling-flowtheorygainedsupportwhenFabianobservedaclusterofgalaxiesintheconstellationPerseusandfoundthecentralgalaxy,NGC1275,tobeastrange-lookingobjectwithirregular,thinstrandsofgasradiatingfromit.Accordingtopreviousspeculation,thesestrandsweregasesthathadbeenblownoutbyanexplosioninthegalaxy.Fabian,however,disagreed.BecausethestrandsofgasradiatingfromNGC1275arevisibleinopticalphotographs,Fabiansuggestedthatsuchstrandsconsistednotofgasblownoutofthegalaxybutofcoolingflowsofgasstreaminginward.Henotedthatthewavelengthsoftheradiationemittedbyagaswouldchangeasthegascooled,sothatasthegasflowedintothegalaxyandbecamecooler,itwouldemitnotx-rays,butvisiblelight,likethatwhichwascapturedinthephotographs.Fabian’shypothesiswassupportedbyCanizares’determinationin1982thatmostofthegasinthePerseusclusterwasatatemperatureof80milliondegreesKelvin,whereasthegasimmediatelysurroundingNGC1275(thesubjectofthephotographs)wasatone-tenththistemperature.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,ifFabianiscorrect,gasintheperipheralregionsofagalaxycluster______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,Fabianbelievesthatgasflowingintoacentralgalaxyhaswhichofthefollowingcharacteristics?

4.TheauthorofthepassageprobablymentionsCanizares’determinationinorderto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.illustrateahypothesisabouttheoriginofgalaxies

B.provideevidencetodisputeanacceptedtheoryabouttheevolutionofgalaxies

C.summarizethestateofandprospectsforresearchinintergalacticastronomy

D.reconcileopposingviewsontheformationofintergalacticgas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.streamsoutwardintointergalacticspace

B.iscomposedprimarilyofgasleftoverfromthebigbang

C.ishotterthangasinthecentralregionsofthegalaxy

D.expandstoincreasethesizeofthegalaxy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisone-tenthhotterthanitwasintheouterregionsofthegalaxycluster.

B.Itemitsradiationwithwavelengthsthatchangeasthegasmovestowardthecenterofthegalaxy.

C.Thetotalamountofradiationemitteddiminishesasthegascools.

D.Itcondensesataratemuchslowerthantherateofdecreaseintemperatureasthegasflowsinward.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.clarifyanambiguityinFabian’sresearchfindings

B.illustrateageneralizationaboutthetemperatureofgasinagalaxycluster

C.introduceanewargumentinsupportoftheorthodoxviewofgalaxies

D.providesupportforFabian’sassertionsaboutthePerseusgalaxies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章的第一段提出了不同的宇宙的正統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)并做了初步介紹：Thisorthodoxviewoftheuniverseisnowbeingchallengedbyastronomerswhobelievethataheavy“rain”ofgasisfallingintomanygalaxiesfromthesupposedlyemptyspacearoundthem.（這種關(guān)于宇宙的正統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在正受到天文學(xué)家的挑戰(zhàn)，他們認(rèn)為一場巨大的氣體“雨”正從許多星系周圍的所謂真空落入它們）；接著第二段就圍繞具體的內(nèi)容展開闡述，提出了不同天文學(xué)家的不同的看法；由此可以推知文章的目的是為反駁關(guān)于星系進(jìn)化的被接受的理論提供證據(jù)，B項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)來爭論關(guān)于星系演化的公認(rèn)理論”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“舉例說明一個(gè)關(guān)于星系起源的假說”和D項(xiàng)“調(diào)和關(guān)于星系間氣體形成的不同觀點(diǎn)”只是文章其中的一部分；C項(xiàng)“綜述了星系間天文學(xué)的研究現(xiàn)狀和前景”，文中沒有提到天文學(xué)的研究現(xiàn)狀和前景。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從這篇文章中可以推斷出，如果Fabian是正確的，在一個(gè)星系團(tuán)的外圍區(qū)域的氣體……”。根據(jù)第二段的第二句和第三句Thus,thephysicistFabianreasonedthatasintergalacticgascools,thecoolergasshrinksinwardtowardthecenterofthegalaxy.Meanwhileitsplaceistakenbyhotterintergalacticgasfromfartheroutontheedgeofthegalaxy,whichcoolsasitiscompressedandflowsintothegalaxy.（因此，物理學(xué)家Fabian推斷，當(dāng)星系間氣體冷卻時(shí)，冷卻的氣體會(huì)向星系中心收縮。與此同時(shí)，它的位置被來自更遠(yuǎn)星系邊緣的較熱的氣體所取代，這些氣體冷卻和壓縮并流入星系。）可知，F(xiàn)abian認(rèn)為一個(gè)星系團(tuán)的外圍區(qū)域的氣體要比星系中心熱，C項(xiàng)“比星系中心區(qū)域的氣體還要熱”正確；A項(xiàng)“流向星系間的空間”，這是當(dāng)星系間氣體冷卻時(shí)，冷卻的氣體會(huì)流向星系中心，題干問的是星系團(tuán)的外圍氣體；B項(xiàng)“主要是由大爆炸留下的氣體組成”和D項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大增加了星系的體積”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，F(xiàn)abian認(rèn)為流入中央星系的氣體具有以下哪一個(gè)特征？”。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句Henotedthatthewavelengthsoftheradiationemittedbyagaswouldchangeasthegascooled,sothatasthegasflowedintothegalaxyandbecamecooler,itwouldemitnotx-rays,butvisiblelight,likethatwhichwascapturedinthephotographs.（Fabian指出，隨著氣體冷卻，氣體發(fā)出的輻射波長會(huì)發(fā)生變化，因此當(dāng)氣體流入星系并變得更冷時(shí)，它不會(huì)發(fā)出x射線，而是發(fā)出可見光，就像照片中捕捉到的那樣）可知，F(xiàn)abian認(rèn)為流入中央星系的氣體發(fā)出的輻射波長會(huì)隨著氣體向星系中心移動(dòng)而發(fā)生變化，B項(xiàng)“它發(fā)出的輻射波長隨著氣體向星系中心移動(dòng)而變化”正確；由第二段最后一句Fabian’shypothesiswassupportedbyCanizares’determinationin1982thatmostofthegasinthePerseusclusterwasatatemperatureof80milliondegreesKelvin,whereasthegasimmediatelysurroundingNGC1275(thesubjectofthephotographs)wasatone-tenththistemperature.（Fabian的假設(shè)得到了1982年Canizares的支持，即英仙座星系團(tuán)的大部分氣體溫度為8000萬開氏度，而緊鄰NGC1275的氣體溫度僅為這個(gè)溫度的十分之一）可知，星系團(tuán)外圍區(qū)域的溫度僅為星系團(tuán)溫度的十分之一，A項(xiàng)“它比星系團(tuán)外圍區(qū)域的溫度高十分之一”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“隨著氣體冷卻，放射出的輻射總量減少”，文中沒有提到發(fā)出的輻射量是增多還是減少；D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)氣體向內(nèi)流動(dòng)時(shí)，它冷凝的速度比溫度下降的速度要慢得多”沒提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章的作者提到Canizares的決定可能是為了……”。第二段最后一句提到Fabian’shypothesiswassupportedbyCanizares’determinationin1982thatmostofthegasinthePerseusclusterwasatatemperatureof80milliondegreesKelvin,whereasthegasimmediatelysurroundingNGC1275(thesubjectofthephotographs)wasatone-tenththistemperature.（Fabian的假設(shè)得到了1982年Canizares的支持，即英仙座星系團(tuán)的大部分氣體溫度為8000萬開氏度，而緊鄰NGC1275的氣體溫度僅為這個(gè)溫度的十分之一），可推知作者提到Canizares的決定是為了對(duì)Fabian關(guān)于英仙座星系的斷言提供支持，D項(xiàng)“為Fabian關(guān)于英仙座星系的斷言提供支持”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“澄清Fabian研究結(jié)果中的一個(gè)歧義”，文中沒有提到歧義；B項(xiàng)“舉例說明一個(gè)關(guān)于星系團(tuán)中氣體溫度的概括”并不是文章提到Canizares的目的；C項(xiàng)“引入一個(gè)新的論點(diǎn)來支持正統(tǒng)的星系觀點(diǎn)”，文章在這里是用來支持Fabian的假設(shè)，而非正統(tǒng)的星系觀點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。transform“改變，使……變形”；transport“運(yùn)輸；流放;使狂喜"；transplant“移植；移栽；使移居”；transcend“勝過，超越”。句意：布萊克太太發(fā)現(xiàn)只要她一彈鋼琴，自己就會(huì)被這架有魔法的鋼琴從現(xiàn)實(shí)世界帶入到自己的仙境。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。題目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A選項(xiàng)為“渴望去做某事”；B選項(xiàng)為“遲到”;C選項(xiàng)為“對(duì)……漠不關(guān)心”；D選項(xiàng)為“開心做某事”。由題意可知，我已經(jīng)迫不及待要聽你的英語課了。因此，正確答案是A項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Thecultleadertriedto（）peoplebymakingpromiseshecouldn’tpossiblykeepinordertogettheirmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.render

B.chide

C.preamble

D.exploit

【答案】D

【解析】

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)render“致使；提出；實(shí)施；著色”；B選項(xiàng)chide“責(zé)罵；斥責(zé)”；C選項(xiàng)preamble“作序文（或?qū)а浴㈤_場白等）”；D選項(xiàng)exploit“開發(fā)，開拓；剝削；開采”。句意：這個(gè)邪教領(lǐng)袖為了得到人們的錢而做出他不可能兌現(xiàn)的承諾，以此來剝削他們。。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theprospectofincreasedpriceshasalready（）worries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.irritated

C.inspired

D.hoisted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)provoke“引起，挑起，煽動(dòng)”，B項(xiàng)irritate“使興奮，激怒”，C項(xiàng)inspire“激發(fā)，鼓舞”，D項(xiàng)hoist“升起，舉起”。根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞prospectofincreasedprices（價(jià)格上升的前景）和worries（擔(dān)憂）可知，空格部分表示“引起”。句意：價(jià)格上漲的前景已經(jīng)引發(fā)了擔(dān)憂。故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.

Amanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.(1)Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgmentorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,andtheyaresubjecttosuddenaccessesofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.(2)Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.

Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatasteforrationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies.(3)Theyregardover-simplificationastheoriginalsinofthemindandhavenousefortheslogans,theunqualifiedassertionsandsweepinggeneralizationswhicharethepropagandist’sstockintrade.Philosophyteachesustofeeluncertainaboutthethingsthatseemtousself-evident.(4)Propaganda,ontheotherhand,teachesustoacceptasself-evidentmattersaboutwhichitwouldbereasonabletosuspendourjudgmentortofeeldoubt.Thepropagandistmustthereforebeconsistentlydogmatic.Allhisstatementsaremadewithoutqualification.(5)Therearenograysinhispictureoftheworld;everythingiseitherdiabolicallyblackorcelestiallywhite.Hemustneveradmitthathemightbewrongorthatpeoplewithadifferentpointofviewmightbeevenpartiallyright.Opponentsshouldnotbearguedwith;theyshouldbeattacked,shouteddown,or,iftheybecometoomuchofanuisance,liquidated.Themorallysqueamishintellectualmaybeshockedbythiskindofthing.Butthemassesarealwaysconvincedthatrightisonthesideoftheactiveaggressor.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

（1）群體具有與其組成成員同等水平的道德和智慧；然而人群是混亂的，沒有自己的目標(biāo)，除了理智的行動(dòng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)的思考之外，它什么都能做。

（2）在人群中沉醉的個(gè)人逃避責(zé)任，放棄理智，違背道義，變得瘋狂，像野獸般沒有頭腦。

（3）他們把過于簡單化視為思想上的原罪，他們不聽信口號(hào)、絕對(duì)的判斷以及泛泛的概括，而這些正是宣傳家的慣用伎倆。

（4）與之相反的是，宣傳鼓動(dòng)我們?nèi)ソ邮苣切┎粦?yīng)急于作出判斷或應(yīng)保持懷疑態(tài)度的事物，并把它們視為理所當(dāng)然的東西。

（5）他所描繪的世界里沒有中間色，每樣事物不是魔鬼般的邪惡，就是天使般的純潔。

15.單選題

Isuggestedheshould（

）himselftohisnewconditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.adopt

C.regulate

D.suit

【答案】A

【解析】adapt使適應(yīng)，改編；adopt采取，接受；regulate調(diào)節(jié)，規(guī)定；suit合適，相稱。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)該是使自己適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

16.單選題

NoahWebster'sDictionarywas（）in1828andhasbeenextremelyinfluentialinAmericanlanguageusageeversincethen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstpublished

B.firstpublished

C.thefirsttobepublished

D.tobefirstpublished

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意：這部字典在1828年首次出版,事情已經(jīng)完成,首先排除選項(xiàng)C和D；選項(xiàng)A不符合句意,所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

17.單選題

Thehousesinthisareawereallreactedin（）ofhousingregulations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliance

B.defiance

C.alliance

D.obedience

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配題。compliance“順從；服從”；defiance“蔑視；挑戰(zhàn)；反抗”；alliance“聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合”；obedience“服從；遵守”，根據(jù)橫線前后的in和of可知此處只能選擇defiance，indefianceof表示“不顧；無視”。句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)的房子建得都很不……房屋規(guī)范。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。

18.單選題

Themayorwasaskedto（）hisspeechinordertoallowhisaudiencetoraise

questions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】句意：市長被要求（）講話，以便讓他的聽眾提問。A選項(xiàng)constrain限制；B選項(xiàng)conduct控制，實(shí)施；C選項(xiàng)condense壓縮，濃縮；D選項(xiàng)converge聚集。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

ChinatownhasbeenthecenterofSanFrancisco’sChinesecommunitysincethe1850s.Itsboundarieshaveexpandedsignificantlysincethe1960s,andtheneighborhoodsbuilttherearegenerallyaffluent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plentiful

B.attractive

C.friendly

D.wealthy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent表示“富裕的，豐富的”；A項(xiàng)plentiful“豐富的，許多的”，B項(xiàng)attractive“吸引人的”，C項(xiàng)friendly“友好的”，D項(xiàng)wealthy“富裕的”。句意：自19世紀(jì)50年代以來，唐人街一直是舊金山華人社區(qū)的中心。自20世紀(jì)60年代以來，它的疆界大幅擴(kuò)張，在那里建造的社區(qū)一般都很富裕。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

20.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinthispart.

【答案】Inthisexcerptfromanovel,theauthortellsthestoryofanewlymarriedcoupleonatraininTexas.Atthebeginning，theauthorgivesadetaileddescriptionofthecouple,whichshowsthattheyarenotrich.Byportrayingtheluxuriousfurnishingsinthetrain,theauthordemonstratestheincompatibilityofthecharacterswiththeirsurroundings.Theauthoralsomentionshowothershavemockedthecouple.Thearticleendswiththecouple'sexperienceinthediningcar,wheretheyfeelstressfulbyanordinarymealservedbyawaiter.Theprotagonist'sexperiencehighlightstheconflictbetweentheoldandthenew,thepoorandtherich.

21.單選題

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contagious在句中是“傳染性的，會(huì)感染的”；A選項(xiàng)spreading“擴(kuò)散的”；B選項(xiàng)contemptible“可鄙的”；C選項(xiàng)contented“滿足的，心安的”；D選項(xiàng)depressing“沉悶的，陰沉的”。句意：問題是士兵們失去信心可能會(huì)傳染。因此只有A項(xiàng)符合。

22.單選題

AlthoughIspoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany（

）ofwhatIsaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notice

B.remark

C.observation

D.attention

【答案】A

【解析】takenoticeof為固定短語，意為：注意到，留意。句意：雖然我跟他說過很多次，但他從來沒有注意到我說的話。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

23.單選題

AtfirstIdidnotawarethis,butwhenIfoundoutthenextdayfromanotherforeignguestatthehotel,aEuropean,Icouldn’tbelievemyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotaware

B.whenIfoundout

C.fromanotherforeignguestat

D.aEuropean,Icouldn’tbelieve

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。A項(xiàng)aware改為know。aware是形容詞,而A項(xiàng)中didnot后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)詞。

24.單選題

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前兩段的內(nèi)容可知，美國憲法賦予美國人民追求幸福的權(quán)利，但似乎誰也說不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虛假目標(biāo)的說法，但這種說法不是美國式思維。然而，我們（美國人）似乎執(zhí)迷于花錢買幸福的理念。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.語義推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段句意“廣告的存在不是為了滿足欲望，而是為了創(chuàng)造欲望?！庇纱丝芍?，這里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以選項(xiàng)