考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們希望他能夠履行諾言。

考查短語辨析。carryoff奪去，獲得;carryout貫徹,執(zhí)行;carrythrough貫徹,完成;carryabout隨身攜帶。故B符合句意。

2.單選題

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatuses,andallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoose,styleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefamerorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoice,amongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses（）.

3.Theword"appraisal"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto（）.

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefarmerorthatofaHinduprince”(Para.3),thewritermeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makefriendswithotherpeople

B.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inordertobetteridentifyothers

B.astheirmentalprocesseschange

C.asthesituationchange

D.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.involvement

B.assessment

C.appreciation

D.presentation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.constantmentalprocess

B.selectingone’sownstatus

C.curiosityofotherpeople'sstatuses

D.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited

D.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段首句“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe‘fit’insociety.地位是人類不可思議的發(fā)明，它使我們能夠彼此和睦相處,并決定我們在社會中‘適當(dāng)?shù)摹恢??！币簿褪钦f，在與他人相處時(shí)舉止得體，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.我們所假定的身份常常隨著我們遇到的人而變化，并且在一生中不斷變化。我們大多數(shù)人都能以非?？斓乃俣燃俣ǜ鞣N情況所需要的狀態(tài)。”也就是說，人們所假定的身份隨著外部環(huán)境的改變而發(fā)生改變。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.語義推斷題。A選項(xiàng)involvement“牽連，包含”；B選項(xiàng)assessment“評定，估價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”；D選項(xiàng)presentation“描述，介紹”。根據(jù)原文句意：這意味著我們的行為與其他人的行為相適應(yīng)是建立在對他人的評價(jià)和解釋這種持續(xù)的心理過程之上的。由此可知，appraisal指評估，判斷，所以選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句話可知，這里的it指的是前半句提到的“thetask”，而“thetask”指代的是上文提到的fitouractionstothoseofotherpeople。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，作者通過將身份比作衣服，說明身份像衣服一樣，受到社會的限制，選擇的范圍有限。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.單選題

Jamesisquite（）withthecustomsandlanguagesofthepeopleinthatpartofthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowledgeable

B.common

C.aware

D.familiar

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。knowledgeable“博學(xué)的”;common“普遍的”;aware“意識到的”;familiar“熟悉的”。句意：詹姆斯對這個(gè)國家的這個(gè)地區(qū)人們的習(xí)俗和語言都相當(dāng)熟悉。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管體育運(yùn)動在Joe的家庭中占主導(dǎo)地位，但是當(dāng)這些運(yùn)動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時(shí)，他會放棄體育運(yùn)動。

考查動詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒，受打擊，覆蓋；affect影響，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影響。根據(jù)后半句句意“當(dāng)這些運(yùn)動影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時(shí)，他會放棄體育運(yùn)動”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although可知，C符合句意。

5.單選題

Hetopsamongthebestcarracingofthepastfiftyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.projects

B.shows

C.displays

D.rates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)projects“計(jì)劃；設(shè)計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)shows“展示，表演”；C選項(xiàng)displays“顯示”；D選項(xiàng)rates“比率；等級”。句意：他在過去五十年最好的賽車比賽中名列前茅。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵短語thebestcarracing（最好的賽車比賽），B，C選項(xiàng)意思相近可以排除，A選項(xiàng)projects（設(shè)計(jì)）也可排除，D選項(xiàng)rates（等級）最符合詞義。

6.單選題

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我們停止砍伐熱帶雨林的吋候了。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.為固定句式,表示“是吋候某人該做某事了”,故排除C，D。B項(xiàng)為“必須,不得不”的過去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潛在的含義有“必須”的意思,故排除。因此答案選A。

7.單選題

Sincethetownspeopleweresodissatisfied,variousmethodsto（

）thesituationweredebated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.tolerate

C.clarify

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。alleviate“減輕，緩和”；tolerate“忍受，容忍”；clarify“使（頭腦、神智等）清醒，澄清”；intensify“增強(qiáng)，増加”；根據(jù)句意‘因?yàn)樾℃?zhèn)居民極其不滿，所以討論了各種（

）形勢的方案?！_定A選項(xiàng)“減輕，緩和”符合題意。

8.單選題

Evidencecameup（

）specificsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whose

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。通過分析句子可知，后面specificsoundsarerecognized…是對前面的evidence的解釋說明，是同位語，并且是個(gè)完整的句子，所以此處用that來引導(dǎo)這個(gè)同位語從句。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相當(dāng)于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小說所代入的世界所吸引。故D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報(bào)告得出結(jié)論：招收女童入學(xué)可能是當(dāng)今發(fā)展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

()beforeweleavethedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfultimetogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Wouldtheyarrive

C.Weretheyarriving

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句為混合虛擬語氣。從句部分有表示將來的時(shí)間詞thedayaftertomorrow，因此用wereto的形式。虛擬條件句中如果含有were，should或had，可將if省略，將這三個(gè)詞移到從句句首位置，并倒裝。Itisabouttimethat是一個(gè)虛擬語氣句型，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，that從句的謂語用一般過去時(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Loveisofthreevarieties:unselfish,mutualandordinaryorselfish.Unselfishloveisofthehighestkind.Here,theonewholovesseeksonlythewelfareofthebelovedanddoesnotcarewhetherhesufferspainsandhardshipsthereby.Thesecondkindofloveismutualloveinwhichtheonewholovesdesiresnotonlythehappinessofhisbeloved,buthasaneyetohisownhappinessalso.Selfishloveisthelowest.Itmakesamancareonlyforhisownhappinesswithouthavinganyregardforthefeelingofthebeloved.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】愛分為三種：無私的，相互的，平凡或自私的。無私的愛境界最高。在這種愛里，愛人只希望被愛的人幸福并且不在意自己是否會經(jīng)受痛苦和磨難。第二種是相互的愛，在這種愛里，愛人不僅渴望自己被愛的人獲得幸福，并且希望自己也能快樂。自私的愛是最低級的一種愛。這種愛讓人只關(guān)注自己的幸福，而不會關(guān)心被愛人的感受。

13.單選題

WhenColumbus（）Americain1492,thecontinentsmayhavebeenpeopledbyasmanyastwenty-fivemillionIndians.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whodiscovered

B.discovering

C.discovered

D.todiscover

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)哥倫布于1492年（）美洲大陸時(shí)，這塊大陸上居住著多達(dá)2500萬印第安人。通過題干可知哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸是在1492年，是一個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，因此C選項(xiàng)discovered表示過去符合題意。A選項(xiàng)是定語從句，這個(gè)句子中不需要定語從句；B選項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行；D選項(xiàng)表示將來。

14.單選題

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecast,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faint

B.dizzy

C.gloomy

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)faint“模糊的；頭暈的；虛弱的”；B選項(xiàng)dizzy“眩暈的；昏亂的；心不在焉的”；C選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的”；D選項(xiàng)opaque“不透明的；不傳熱的；遲鈍的”。句意：盡管有……經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測，但制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出略有上升。既然句中有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明前半部分的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測是負(fù)面的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合語境，表示“令人沮喪的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測”。

15.單選題

Televisionhasbecomesuchapopularinformationmediumthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alotofmagazinesandnewspapershavegonebroke

B.loadsofmagazinesandnewspaperscannotcompetewell

C.manymagazinesandnewspapersdonotgetreadbyverymanypeopleanymore

D.manymagazinesandnewspapershavelostmostoftheirreaders

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干句意為：電視已經(jīng)成為這樣一種受歡迎的信息媒介以至于……。題干用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此空格處也應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對現(xiàn)在的影響。故排除B和C。而A項(xiàng)“許多雜志和報(bào)紙破產(chǎn)了”過于絕對，因此無論從句意還是從時(shí)態(tài)上來說，D項(xiàng)“許多雜志和報(bào)紙失去了大部分讀者”正確。

16.單選題

Wecan______withalotofunhappinessbyuncoveringanddiscardingthebeliefsthatfuelit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispose

B.dispense

C.dismiss

D.dispute

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)dispose“處理；安排”，不與with連用；B選項(xiàng)dispense“分配；分發(fā)”，dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“不予考慮；去除”，dismisswith“用……去除”；D選項(xiàng)dispute“爭論”disputewith“與……辯論”。句意：我們可以通過揭露和拋棄加劇不快樂的信仰來______很多不快樂。根據(jù)語境，這里指去除不快樂的感受，所以B選項(xiàng)dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

Completeeachsentencewiththecorrectending,A-G,below.

WritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes23-27onyourAnswerSheet.

1.Adevelopedsystemofnumbering（）.

2.Anadditionalhandsignal（）.

3.Inseventh-centuryEurope,theabilitytocounttoacertainnumber（）.

4.Thinkingaboutnumbersasconceptsseparatefromphysicalobjects（）.

5.Expressingnumberdifferentlyaccordingtoclassofitem（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasnecessaryinordertofulfillacivicrole.

B.wasnecessarywhenpeoplebeganfarming.

C.wasnecessaryforthedevelopmentofarithmetic.

D.persistsinallsocieties.

E.wasusedwhentherangeofnumberwordswasrestricted.

F.canbetracedbacktoearlyEuropeanlanguages.

G.wasacharacteristicofearlynumerationsystems.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:E

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:G

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段，“Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.”，可知當(dāng)他們開始定居、種植植物和放牧動物時(shí)，對復(fù)雜的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的需求變得至關(guān)重要。可判斷出一種發(fā)達(dá)的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)對于開始農(nóng)作的人們來說是非常有必要的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在實(shí)際情況中，數(shù)字和單詞往往伴隨著手勢，以幫助解決任何困惑。可判斷出額外的手勢信號也是有必要的，當(dāng)數(shù)字有限時(shí)，可以幫助解除困惑。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.”，可知在數(shù)字單詞和表達(dá)有限的情況可追溯到歐洲的語言的早期版本。可判斷出當(dāng)數(shù)字單詞的范圍被限制時(shí)，可以使用手勢信號，這種情況可以追溯到早期的歐洲語言。選項(xiàng)E符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!”，可知七世紀(jì)歐洲的普通人對數(shù)字并不像我們今天這樣熟悉。事實(shí)上，要想成為法庭上的證人，一個(gè)人必須能夠數(shù)到九?？膳袛喑鲈谄呤兰o(jì)的歐洲，一定的數(shù)數(shù)能力是履行公民角色的必要條件。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第五段，“Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.”，可知當(dāng)數(shù)字4在大腦中被看作一個(gè)獨(dú)立于引用對象的特定概念時(shí)，就邁出了發(fā)展數(shù)字符號系統(tǒng)的第一步，然后開始發(fā)展成為算術(shù)?？膳袛喑霭褦?shù)字看作是獨(dú)立于物理對象的概念對于算術(shù)的發(fā)展是必要的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第六段，“Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted.”，可知今天，我們可以在幾種現(xiàn)存的語言中看到記數(shù)發(fā)展的最初階段的痕跡。不列顛哥倫比亞省的Tsimshian語言的記數(shù)系統(tǒng)包含7組不同的單詞，根據(jù)被計(jì)數(shù)物品的類別來表示數(shù)字?？膳袛喑龈鶕?jù)物體類別不同而用不同的數(shù)字表示是早期記數(shù)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)G符合題意。

18.單選題

Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily（）itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byforceof

B.byrightof

C.bydintof

D.withtheassistanceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)byforceof“用…的手段”；B選項(xiàng)byrightof“憑借，由于”，多指憑借權(quán)利；C選項(xiàng)bydintof“用，憑借”，多指憑借某一事物；D選項(xiàng)withtheassistanceof“在…的援助下”。句意：微軟多年來一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，這主要是憑借其對Windows的所有權(quán)和發(fā)展。Windows是個(gè)人電腦應(yīng)用程序的通用平臺。這里憑借的是Windows這一事物而不是權(quán)利，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

19.單選題

“Hello,Bob,Ididn’tknowyou（）jogging.”“Oh,yesGeorge,I’vebeendoingitforoveramonthnow.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wentfor

B.wentout

C.wentonwith

D.wentinfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)wentfor“去找，被認(rèn)為，主張，擁護(hù)，努力獲取”；B選項(xiàng)wentout“出去，熄滅，過時(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)wentonwith“繼續(xù)，進(jìn)行，暫時(shí)使用”；D選項(xiàng)wentinfor“愛好，參與，從事，追求，贊成”。句意：“你好，鮑勃，我不知道你（）慢跑。”“噢，是的，喬治，我已經(jīng)跑了一個(gè)多月了?！笨梢钥闯觯釂柕娜耸遣恢栗U勃“愛好慢跑運(yùn)動”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofthebuilding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subside

B.idealize

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Subside平息，減退；idealize使理想化；initiate開始，發(fā)起；sustain支撐，支持。句意:根據(jù)句中collapsed判定空格應(yīng)填入與strong同向的詞。選項(xiàng)中，sustain支撐，支持。句意：建筑物倒塌因?yàn)榈鼗粔蚶喂?，無法（）它的重量。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.案例題

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction（本能反應(yīng)）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,thepeopleyouworkwithneedtonegotiatea"Whatif...?"agreementcovering"Whatifmyideaisturneddown?"Howarepeopleexpectedtoreact?Isthereanappealprocess?Cantheyrefinetheideaandresubmitit?Byanticipating"Whatif...?"situationsbeforetheyhappen,youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.

1.Insteadofdirectlysayingnotoyourboss,youshouldfindout（）

2.Theauthor'ssecondwarningisthatweshouldavoidrunningagreaterriskby（）

3.Onewayofrespondingtoyourboss'ssuggestionistoexplainthe（）toherandofferanalternativesolution.

4.Toensurefairnesstoreporters,itisimportanttosetupasystemforstoriesto（）

5.Peoplewholearntoanticipate"Whatif...?"situationswillbeabletoreachunderstandingandavoid

（）

【答案】1.whatisinyourboss'mind

2.challengingourboss'sauthority

3.possibleconsequences

4.beproposedandreviewed

5.confrontations

【解析】1.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.”。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.”。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.”。

4.根據(jù)第五段的第二句“First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.”。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“youcanreachunderstandingthatwillhelpeaseyououtofconfrontations.”。

22.單選題

InthewakeoftheSept.11attacks,manyAmericansfeelwemaybegintoseetheerosionofsomeofourcivilliberties.Thereisconcernwemaybesubjecttopersonalsearchesandincreasedmonitoringofouractivities,allinthenameofsafetyandsecurity.Onthecomputingfront,Iwouldarguethatwealreadyhavehadtosurrendermanyofourlibertiestoprotectourselvesfromcomputervirusesandothersecuritybreaches.

Asmuchasvendorsandnetworkadministratorstrytomakescanningforvirusesanunobtrusiveprocessfortheenduser,westillareinconveniencedbytheroutinesmandatedbytheguardiansofourcorporatecomputingsecurity.However,inconveniencetakesabackseattotheoutrightneedforsecurity.Virusesaremorethaninconvenient;theycauserealdamage.ComputerEconomicsestimatesthecostofvirusattacksoninformationsystemsaroundtheworld,includingcleanupcostsandlostproductivity,hasalreadyreached$10.7billionsofarthisyear.Comparethatfigurewith$17.1billionforallof2000and$12.1billionfor1999.

Iknowyou’rethinking:“I’monlyoneperson.HowcanIspendthenecessarytimetosafeguardmycompanyagainstvirusesandsecurityholesandstilldomyregularjob?”

Realistically,youcan’t.Butthereareresourcestohelpyou.

MicrosofthasjustannouncedanewinitiativecalledtheStrategicTechnologyProtectionProgram.AmongtheservicesbeingofferedaretreetechnicalsupportrelatedtovirusesandasecuritytoolkitthatincludespatchesandservicepacksthataddresssecurityvulnerabilitiesinWindowsNTand2000.

TheFBIandSANSInstitutehavejustreleasedtheirtop20listofthemostcriticalInternetsecurityvulnerabilities.ThemajorityofsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystemsviatheInternetcanbetracedtoexploitationofsecurityflawsonthislist.Studythelistat.

TheCenterforInternetSecurityprovidesmethodsandtoolstoimprovemonitorandcomparethesecuritystatusofyourInternet-connectedsystems.Findouthowtobenchmarkyourorganization’sstatusat.

SoftwarevendorssuchasNetworkAssociates,SymantecandComputerAssociateshaveveryinformativevirusresourcecenters.TheSymantecAntiVirusResearchCenter(www.S/avcenter)hasanonlinenewsletterandin-depthinformationaboutviruses.Likewise,theCAVirusInformationCenterofferstipsonmanagingvirusincidentsandprotectingmessagingsystems.

Justlikeournationaldefense,thebestprotectionagainstadebilitatingvirusattackisknowledgeofthevulnerabilitiesandthemeanstoplugthesecurityholes.Beproactiveandvigilant,andmakeuseofthenumerousresourcesatyourdisposal.

1.Thewriterseemstofeelthat（）.

2.Thetwofigures"$17.1billion”and“$12.1billion”arementionedforthereadersto（）.

3.Toobtaindetailedinformationaboutviruses，wecanresortto（）.

4.Bysimplycheckingthetop20list，wemay（）.

5.Apropertitleforthispassagemightbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theconcernabouttheerosionoflibertiesisunnecessary

B.theroutinescanningofvirusescausesmuchinconveniencetoendusers

C.theneedforcomputingsecuritymakesinconveniencetolerable

D.libertycanbeguaranteedonlyifsecurityisachievedfirst

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.makesenseofthedamagesthathavebeendonesofarthisyear

B.seethedecreaseofthecostofvirusattacks

C.calculatethecostofvirusattacksfortheyear2001

D.paymoreattentiontoanti-virusresources

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theStrategicTechnologyProtectionProgram

B.

C.

D.www.S

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.obtainapictureofmajorsuccessfulattacksoncomputersystems

B.identifyapossiblesecurityholeinourcomputersystems

C.improvethesecuritystatusofourcomputersystems

D.protectourcomputersystemsfromvirusattacks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAftermathofSept.11

B.LibertyvsSecurity

C.StrategiesforBattlingVirus

D.VirusAttack—AnotherFormofSept11

【答案】第1題:D