考研考博-英語-上海海事大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海海事大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.

Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.

Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout（）.

2.Weowenothingtothefuturegenerations（）.

3.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered（）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation（）.

5.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences

B.theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals

C.theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole

D.anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue

問題2選項

A.intheauthor’sopinion

B.fromasocialcontractviewofethics

C.forautilitarian

D.formostenvironmentalists

問題3選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.complex

D.reasonable

問題4選項

A.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible

B.referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible

C.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture

D.isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons

問題5選項

A.AMysteryinAppliedEthics

B.OurObligationstoFutureGenerations

C.EnvironmentalEthics

D.Environmentalissues

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：第一段主要是關于_______。A選項“人類經歷的內在價值”，B選項“非人類動物經歷的內在價值”，C選項“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為一個整體的內在價值”，D選項“一個關于內在價值本質的古老倫理問題”,前三個選項在第一段中都有提到，但并不是主要問題的所在，而第四個選項，在第二句話中就點了出來，前三個選項是第四個選項的展開說明，故D是正確答案。

2.推理判斷題。題干：我們不欠后代任何東西________。根據關鍵詞“oweto”“futuregenerations”可以定位到文章第二段第三句話Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.（從倫理學的社會契約觀點或道德自我主義者的角度來看，答案似乎是：什么都不虧欠。），可知，B選項“倫理學的社會契約觀點”，是正確的。文章并沒有提及作者個人觀點，所以A選項“在作者的觀點看來”排除。從文章第二段第五句話Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown.（然而，其他大多數倫理理論確實考慮到了后代的利益。舉例來說，功利主義者不會認為，后代成員還不存在這一事實，是我們對后代利益的考慮少于我們對自己利益考慮的任何理由。），所以C選項“功利主義者”排除。環(huán)境保護主義者也認為，我們應該為后代考慮，所以D選線項“環(huán)境保護主義者”排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項。

3.事實細節(jié)題。題干：我們采取的人口政策被認為是_______。根據關鍵詞“populationpolicy”可以定位到文章第三段，第一句話明確指出Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however（然而，問題會變得越來越復雜），所以本題的正確答案是C選項。

4.細節(jié)推理題。題干：根據文章，最適宜的人口數量_________。文章第三段后半部分提出了最合適的人口數量的問題。用兩個問句提出對這一問題的兩種可能的答案，即Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?(是在人口規(guī)模上，平均福利水平會盡可能高嗎？或者是總福利的規(guī)模——平均乘以人口的數量——盡可能大？)，并在結尾的最后一句話中指出，andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.（這一問題仍是應用倫理學中最令人不解的謎之一。），其意就是仍有待于將來解決，所以C選項“這是一個只能留到將來解決哲學問題”是正確答案。A選項“最適宜的人口數量指平均福利水平盡可能高的人口規(guī)模”，B選項“最適宜的人口數量指福利總額最大的人口規(guī)?！?，A，B選項都是文章提出的問題，未被證實，所以不正確，D選項“最適宜的人口數量是一個困難的哲學問題，德里克?帕菲特在《理性與人》中成功地解決了這個問題”德里克?帕菲特只是在書中提到Whatisoptimumpopulation?但是并沒有解決，所以D選項不正確，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項。

5.主旨大意題。題干：最適合文章的標題應該是________。本文主要討論的并不是環(huán)境問題，而是由環(huán)境問題而引出的道德問題，A選項“應用道德中的謎”是最后一段提到的，B選項是“我們對下一代的責任”是第二段提到的，二者都不足以代表整篇文章的思想內容。所以本題的正確答案應該是C選項“環(huán)境倫理”。

2.單選題

Fiveminutesearlier,（

）wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.

問題1選項

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:早來五分鐘的話,我們就能趕上末班車了。

連詞辨析。前后句意為順承關系。C項and為順承關系連詞。故選C。

3.單選題

Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.Thereallybigquestion,however,iswhetherthisisjustacyclicalblip,orthestartofatrulyhistoriclong-termtrend.

BothviewpointswillhavetheirsupportersinDavos.ThosewhopredictthecontinuingdominanceofthewesternworldwillarguethattheUSeconomyisalreadybeginningtorecoverandthatithasconsistentlysurprisedskepticswithitstechnologicalprowessandeconomicresilience.

AsforEurope,somebelievethattheeurozonecrisishasalreadypeaked.Theyarguethatmarketconfidenceisreturning,thattheGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealthandthattheEuropeanUnionisbeginningtoputinplacethereformsthatwillmakeEUmoreresilientandunifiedinfuture.

Optimismaboutwesternstrengthisoftencombinedwithcertainskepticismaboutthe"Asianmiracle".TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.SessionsonIndiawillhearcautionsabouteverythingfromcorruptiontowatershortageandarmedrebellionsinthecountryside.

Ingeneral,however,optimismaboutAsiaandpessimismaboutthewestislikelytobetheprevailingmood.EventhoughtheUSeconomyisnowgrowing,anapparentbudgetdeficitandarisingnational'debtpresentapictureofbotheconomicandpoliticalweakness.Similarly,thethreatofsovereign-debtcrisescontinuestohoverovertheEU—anditspoliticalresponsehassofarbeenanythingbutconvincing.

Theconventionalwisdomisthataprofoundshiftofeconomicandpoliticalpowerfromwesttoeastisindeedunderway.Thenextquestioniswhetherthetransitionwillbesmoothorturbulent.

Onceagain,bothsidesoftheargumentwillbeaired.Theoptimistswillarguethattheworldisalreadymovingtowardsanewphaseinthestoryofglobalization.TheybelievethatUSangeraboutallegedChinesecurrencymanipulationandmercantilismwillbeblunted,asChinaallowsitscurrencytoappreciateandastheChinesecomermarketbeanstofulfillitspotential.TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.Accordingtotheoptimisticscenario,thewesternworldwillabandonanyflirtationwithprotectionism,asitincreasinglyrealizesthatthegrowthmarketsforthewest'slargecompanieslieincountriessuchasChina,IndiaandBrazil.ThecurrentsurgeinEuropeancarsalestoChinacouldbecitedasanencouragingexampleofthistrend.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.ThethemeoftheDavosEconomicForumwouldbe（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheGermaneconomyis（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedasadragonChina'seconomicgrowthinthepassage?

5.TheChina-USrelationshipwillbeaverychallengingonebecause（）.

問題1選項

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

問題2選項

A.currentproblemsinworld'seconomicrecovery

B.therestructuringofworldeconomyinthepost-crisisera

C.continueddominanceofthewestintheworldeconomy

D.theneedtoaddressthelatestdevelopmentsintheworldeconomy

問題3選項

A.inverygoodshape

B.recoveringgradually

C.experiencingsomeproblems

D.undergoingreforms

問題4選項

A.ageingpopulation

B.highinflation

C.resourceshortages

D.China-USrelations

問題5選項

A.itishardtobalancethedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowers

B.itembodiesalltheproblemsbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers

C.itispartofthestoryofglobalization

D.theUSisangryaboutChina'seconomicandfinancialpractices

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，作者在文章中只是客觀地講述和分析了世界各國的經濟與政治情況，作者并沒有過多的發(fā)表自己的個人看法，所以在討論文章中的一些問題的時候，應該是中立的態(tài)度。選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“Astheworld'spoliticalandbusinesselitesgatherinDavos,thedominanteconomicandpoliticaltrendisclear.IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知隨著全球政治和商業(yè)精英齊聚達沃斯，占主導地位的經濟和政治趨勢是明顯的。在大蕭條之后，西方和亞洲強國的不同命運已成為一個重要的主題。接下來的文章講述了不同國家的發(fā)展情況及整個世界的經濟發(fā)展態(tài)勢?？赏茢喑鏊闹黝}應該是危機過后世界經濟結構的調整。選項B符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據文章第三段，“theGermaneconomy—thecoreoftheeurozoneisinrudehealth”，可知作為歐元區(qū)核心的德國，經濟狀況是好的。選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第四段，“TherewillbevoicesinDavoswarningaboutrisinginflationinChinaandaboutthelong-termriskstoChinaposedbyenvironmentaldegradation,andanageingsociety.”，可知中國不斷上升的通脹，以及環(huán)境惡化和社會老齡化對中國構成的長期風險。所以中美關系在文中沒有提及。選項D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“IntheaftermathoftheGreatRecession,thedivergentfortunesofthewesternandAsianpowershavebecomeanoverarchingtheme.”，可知在大蕭條之后，西方和亞洲強國的不同命運已成為一個重要的主題。即西方和亞洲強國的經濟實力存在差異。根據文章最后一段，“TherelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUSisseenasamicrocosmofthenewrelationshipbetweendevelopedandemergingpowers.”，可知中美關系被視為發(fā)達國家與新興大國之間新關系的縮影。即中美之間的關系反映了發(fā)達國家與新興國家之間的財富差距?？赏茢喑鲋忻狸P系具有挑戰(zhàn)性的原因在于很難平衡西方和亞洲強國的發(fā)展差距。選項A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.由于沒有具體證據可供利用，為探尋戲劇的起源，人們首先只能憑推測。

2.對于很多人而言，羅馬至多不過是對希臘更大規(guī)模地模仿和延續(xù)，希臘是發(fā)明者，而羅馬則是研究和發(fā)展的分支。

3.大多數時候，僅僅是因為無法核實身份，這些惹是生非的個體躲在一個個假名字后面，保護自己不受其行為的影響。

4.園林不只是房屋的補充。園林滿足了更高層次的生活需求，而這種功能只有藝術才能實現(xiàn)。

5.更進一步說，也有人認為這個問題與樂觀與悲觀的爭論無關，我們必須轉變看待和思考問題的方式。

【答案】1.Peoplecanonlyrelyonspeculationforexploringtheoriginofdramabecausethereisnoanyspecificevidenceavailableforuse.

2.Formanypeople,Romeatmostisnothingmorethanalarge-scaleimitationandcontinuationofGreece.GreeceistheinventorwhileRomeisabranchofresearchanddevelopment.

3.Mostofthetime,justbecauseidentitiescannotbeverified,thesetroublemakershidebehindfakenamestoprotectthemselvesfrombeingaffectedtheiractions.

4.Agardensismorethanacomplementtoahouses.Gardensmeettheneedsofahigherleveloflife,andthisfunctioncanonlyberealizedbyart.

5.Furthermore,somepeoplethinkthatthisissuehasnothingtodowiththedebateonoptimismandpessimism.Wemustchangethewayofviewingandponderingaproblem.

5.單選題

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

問題1選項

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短語辨析。句意:下周就要考試了，我要利用周末時間好好看看書。

catchupon彌補不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup偽造，化妝;pickup提高（速度），加快（節(jié)奏）。因此D項符合句意。

6.單選題

Inflationisaneconomicconditionin（1）pricesforconsumergoods（2）andthe（3）ofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（4）awarorcarry（5）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（6）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（7）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneyto（8）thedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（9）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.（10）peoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoods(11televisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.

Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（12）demand.（13）,ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh—（14）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworks'wages（15）to（16）thehighcostofliving,industrywillmeethisdemandandaddothercostofproductionontothe（17）.（18）summary,allofthesecausescan（19）inflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,（20）governmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

問題1選項

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

問題2選項

A.raise

B.increase

C.decrease

D.lower

問題3選項

A.price

B.cost

C.value

D.spending

問題4選項

A.pay

B.offer

C.fight

D.finance

問題5選項

A.away

B.off

C.on

D.out

問題6選項

A.offset

B.compensate

C.exchange

D.accomplish

問題7選項

A.extend

B.expand

C.spend

D.explore

問題8選項

A.meet

B.respond

C.spend

D.return

問題9選項

A.automatically

B.exceedingly

C.timely

D.excessively

問題10選項

A.Forfearthat

B.Whether

C.If

D.Though

問題11選項

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.except

問題12選項

A.supply

B.satisfy

C.plenty

D.comply

問題13選項

A.Furthermore

B.Otherwise

C.Nevertheless

D.However

問題14選項

A.interesting

B.uninteresting

C.interested

D.interest

問題15選項

A.beincreased

B.increased

C.shouldincrease

D.increase

問題16選項

A.protest

B.restrict

C.impose

D.cover

問題17選項

A.controller

B.manager

C.consumer

D.employer

問題18選項

A.By

B.At

C.On

D.In

問題19選項

A.create

B.invent

C.result

D.discover

問題20選項

A.productive

B.insufficient

C.excessive

D.processing

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空格處缺少一個引導定語從句的引導詞，先行詞是economiccondition，介詞后面的定語從句引導詞不能用that，因此選項C符合題意。

2.考查邏輯關系。根據后面的purchasingpowerdecreases可推斷空格處的動詞應該與decrease相反，所以選項B符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關系。根據并列連詞or可知其前后的內容是相近的，因此the____ofmoney應該與purchasingpower意思相近，因此選項C符合題意。

4.考查動詞詞義辨析。pay“支付”；offer“提供”；fight“與……打仗”;finance“負擔經費”。后面提到政府spendmoremoney（花更多的錢），可知前面是花錢在戰(zhàn)爭上，因此financeawar符合題意。

5.考查詞組辨析。carryaway“運走，使失去自制力”;carryoff“奪去，奪得”；carryon“繼續(xù)，參與”；carryout“實施”。與socialprogram搭配的動詞詞組是carryout，所以選項D符合題意。

6.考查固定搭配。offset“抵消；補償”;compensate“補償，賠償”；exchange“交換”；accomplish“完成，實現(xiàn)”。offsetdeficit“彌補財政赤字”為固定搭配，選項A符合題意。

7.考查動詞詞義辨析。extend“延伸”；expand“擴張”；spend“度過，花費”；explore“探索”。根據后面issuingmorepapermoney可知前面是在擴大紙幣供應，因此選項B符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。meetdebts是“償清債務”的固定搭配，選項A符合題意。

9.考查副詞詞義辨析。automatically“自動地”；exceedingly“非常；極其”；timely“及時地”；excessively“過分地”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵贺泿殴康脑黾訉е仑泿艃r值自動下降。因此選項A符合題意。

10.考查條件狀語從句。根據后面的主句theywillrunout…，主句使用將來時態(tài)可知空格處所在的分句是一個條件狀語從句，因此選項C符合題意。

11.考查介詞詞義辨析。televisionandcomputers屬于populargoods，前者是對后者具體的舉例說明，因此選項B符合題意。

12.考查詞義辨析。supply“供給，提供”；satisfy“滿足，說服”；plenty“足夠的”；comply“遵守，遵從”。Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices“工廠會以更高的價格生產更多的產品”，to表目的，“為了滿足需求”，選項B符合題意。

13.考查邏輯關系。根據ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup（如果人們認為快銷產品的價格正在上漲），可知與前句是一個遞進的關系，因此選項A符合題意。

14.考查固定搭配。interestrate“利率”是固定用法，選項A符合題意。

15.考查虛擬語氣。demand后接賓語從句時，從句的謂語一般要用虛擬語氣：should+動詞原形，其中should可以省略；此外，workswages與動詞increase之間是被動關系，因此要用被動式，選項A符合題意。

16.考查固定搭配。coverthecost“支付費用”是固定用法，選項D符合題意。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。controller“控制器”；manager“經理，管理人員”；consumer“消費者，用戶”；employer“老板，雇主”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵荷a方為滿足要求會將生產成本加在消費者身上，因此選項C符合題意。

18.考查固定搭配。insummary“概括起來，總之”是固定用法，選項D符合題意。

19.考查動詞詞義辨析。allofthesecausescan79inflationaryproblems（所有這些因素都可能導致通貨膨脹問題），四個選項中A與C都有“導致”的意思，但是result通常與介詞in連用，因此選項A符合題意。

20.考查詞義辨析。productive“能生產的”；insufficient“不足的”；excessive“過多的”；processing“加工”。文章講述了導致通貨膨脹的三個因素，第二段第二句話Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending，由此可知選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Weexpecthimto（

）hispromise.

問題1選項

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們希望他能夠履行諾言。

考查短語辨析。carryoff奪去，獲得;carryout貫徹,執(zhí)行;carrythrough貫徹,完成;carryabout隨身攜帶。故B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theoverwhelmingmajorityofpeasantcommunicationswereoralinnatureinasocietythatwasstilllargely______.

問題1選項

A.explicit

B.contradictory

C.illiterate

D.momentous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項explicit“（說話）清晰的，明確的”；B選項contradictory“相互矛盾的”；C選項illiterate“文盲的，不識字的”；D選項momentous“關鍵的，重要的”。句意：絕大多數的農民交流都是口頭的，當時的社會很大程度上是______。在當時那個社會，大多數農民用口頭交流，而不用文字，C選項illiterate“文盲的，不識字的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

AlltheplanetsinthesolarsystemexceptMercuryandVenushavenaturalsatellites,（）objectsthatrevolvearoundtheplanets.

問題1選項

A.which

B.ofwhich

C.whichare

D.andwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。后面的從句中缺少主謂，故C項符合題意。句意：太陽系中除水星和金星外的所有行星都有天然衛(wèi)星，它們是那些圍繞行星旋轉的物體。

10.單選題

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat（）byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.

問題1選項

A.is

B.been

C.be

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】語法題——考查獨立主格結構。前半句“Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth”已經是個完整的句子，后半句沒有關聯(lián)詞，所以不可能再出現(xiàn)動詞，排除A和C，而“小麥”和be之間是主動關系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞being。句意：農業(yè)是這個國家財富的主要來源，小麥是迄今為止最大的谷類作物。因此D選項正確。

11.翻譯題

中國人最懂得消遣。中國人從前的讀書人，閑暇時間以琴棋書畫作為消遣。在中國人看來，藝術品的好壞，意味著作者人格的高低，所以彈琴、下棋、寫字和繪畫，都代表了一個人的修養(yǎng)。彈琴不是要做音樂家，而是隨著美妙的琴聲，進入一個遼闊的世界，凈化自己的心靈。

【答案】TheChinesehavethebestpastime.Inthepast,Chinesescholarsusedtoplaythepiano,chess,calligraphyandpaintingintheirsparetime.IntheeyesofTheChinesepeople,thequalityofworksofartmeanstheleveloftheauthor’spersonality,soplayingthepiano,playingchess,writingandpaintingallrepresentaperson’scultivation.Playingthepianoisnottobeamusician,butwiththewonderfulsound,intoavastworld,purifytheirownmind.

12.單選題

Theconceptofthepatient[A]asfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”[B]whoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationships[C]butbyaflowchart.Insteadofdying[D]surroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.

問題1選項

A.asfirstandforemost

B.who

C.butby

D.surrounded

【答案】B

【解析】考查關系詞用法。B選項處who引導定語從句修飾先行詞patient，但關系詞后又有名詞“qualityoflife”，因此關系詞應該在從句中充當定語的成分，應把who改為whose。

13.單選題

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

問題1選項

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。pioneer“先鋒”；premature“早產的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“過去”。句意：由于先前的約會，Lora上周六不能參加我的生日派對。C項符合題意。

14.單選題

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

問題1選項

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理學家認為態(tài)度是對事物或事件的一種傾向，它決定了人們對不同刺激的反應方式。predisposition意為“傾向”。priorinclinations傾向，愛好；prescriptions醫(yī)藥處方；precautions預防措施，預警；principalcommitments主要承諾。選項A與之意思相近。

15.單選題

MuchoftheresearchonhallucinogenicdrugssuchasLSDhasfocusedontheneurotransmitterserotonin,achemicalthatwhenreleasedfromaprescriptionserotonin-secretingneuroncausesthetransmissionofanerveimpulseacrossasynapsetoanadjacentpost-synaptic,ortargetneuron.Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.First,itwasdiscoveredearlyonthatmanyofthemajorhallucinogenshaveamolecularstructuresimilartothatofserotonin.Inaddition,animalstudiesofbrainneurochemistryfollowingadministrationofhallucinogensinvariablyreportedchangesinserotoninlevels.

EarlyinvestigatorscorrectlyreasonedthatthestructuralsimilaritytotheserotoninmoleculemightimplythatLSD’seffectsarebroughtaboutbyanactionontheneurotransmissionofserotonininthebrain.Unfortunately,theleveloftechnicalexpertiseinthefieldofbrainresearchwassuchthatthishypothesishadtobetestedonperipheraltissue(tissueoutsidethebrain).TwodifferentgroupsofscientistsreportedthatLSDpowerfullyblockadedserotonin’saction.Theirconclusionswerequicklychallenged,however.Wenowknowthattheactionofadrugatonesideinthebodydoesnotnecessarilycorrespondtothedrugactionatanotherside,especiallywhenonesiteisinthebrainandtheotherisnot.

Bythe1960's,technicaladvancespermittedthedirecttestingofthehypothesisthatLSDandrelatedhallucinogensactbydirectlysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneuronsthemselves-theso-calledprescriptionhypothesis.Researchersreasonedthatifthehallucinogenicdrugsactbysuppressingtheactivityofserotonin-secretingneurons,thendrugsadministeredaftertheseneuronshadbeendestroyedshouldhavenoeffectonbehavior,becausethesystemwouldalreadybemaximallysuppressed.

Contrarytotheirexpectations,neurondestructionenhancedtheeffectofLSDandrelatedhallucinogensonbehavior.Thus,hallucinogenicdrugsapparentlydonotactdirectlyonserotonin-secretingneurons.

However,theseandotheravailabledatedosupportanalternativehypothesis,thatLSDandrelateddrugsactdirectlyatreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons(thepost-synaptichypothesis).ThefactthatLSDelicits"serotoninsyndrome-thatiscausesthesamekindsofbehaviorsasdoestheadmissionofserotonin-inanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotoninindicatesthatLSDactsdirectlyonserotoninreceptors,ratherthanindirectlythroughthereleaseofstoresofserotonin.TheenhancedeffectofLSDreportedafterserotonindepletioncouldbeduetoaproliferationofserotoninreceptorsitesonserotonintargetneurons.Thisphenomenonoftenfollowsneurondestructionorneurotransmitterdepletion;theincreaseinthenumberofreceptorsitesappearstobeacompensatoryresponsetodecreasedinput.Significantly,thishypothesisissupportedbydatefromanumbersofdifferentlaboratories.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisoneoftheprimaryfactorsthatledresearchersstudyinghallucinogenicdrugstofocusonserotonin?

2.Itcanbeinferredthatresearchersabandonedtheprescriptionhypothesisbecause（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theresearchdescribedinthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines’'serotoninsyndrome"（underlined,asthetermisusedinthepassage?

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationoftheargumentthattheauthorofthepassagepresentsinthelasttwoparagraphs?

7.Theauthor'sattitudetowardearlyresearchers’reasoningconcerningtheimplicationofsimilaritiesinthestructuresofserotoninandLSDmoleculescanbestbedescribedasoneof（

）

問題1選項

A.Thesuppressionoftheactivit3rofserotoninsecretingneuronsbytheadministrationofhallucinogens

B.Theobservedsimilaritiesinthechemicalstructuresofserotoninandhallucinogens

C.Theeffectstheadministrationofhallucinogenshasonserotoninproductioninthehumanbrain

D.Serotonin-inducedchangesintheeffectsofhallucinogensonbehavior

問題2選項

A.anewandmoreattractivehypothesiswassuggested

B.noresearchwasreportedthatsupportedthehypothesis

C.researchresultsprovidedevidencetocounterthehypothesis

D.thehypothesiswassupportedonlybystudiesofanimalsandnotbystudiesofhumanbeings

問題3選項

A.Researchhassuggestedthattheneurotransmitterserotoninisresponsiblefortheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsonthebrainandonbehavior.

B.Researchershavespentaninadequateamountoftimedevelopingtheoriesconcerningthewayinwhichtheeffectsofhallucinogenicdrugsoccur.

C.Researchresultsstronglysuggestthathallucinogenicdrugscreatetheireffectsbyactingontheserotoninreceptorsiteslocatedontargetneuronsinthebrain.

D.Researchershaverecentlymadevaluablediscoveriesconcerningtheeffectsofdepletingtheamountofserotonininthebrain.

問題4選項

A.HowcanresearcherscontroltheeffectsthatLSDhasonbehavior?

B.Howareanimals’reactionstoLSDdifferentfromthoseofhumanbeing?

C.WhattriggerstheeffectsthatLSDhasonhumanbehavior?

D.WhattechnicaladvanceswouldpermitresearcherstopredictmoreaccuratelytheeffectsofLSDonbehavior?

問題5選項

A.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofserotonin,thatalsooccurswhenLSDisadministeredtoanimalswhosebrainsaredepletedofserotonin

B.Theseriesofbehaviors,usuallyassociatedwiththeadministrationofLSD,thatalsooccurswhentheamountofserotonininthebrainisreduced.

C.Themaximalsuppressionofneuronactivitythatresultsfromthedestructionofserotonin-secretingneurons

D.Thereleaseofstoresofserotoninfromserotonin-secretingneuronsinthebrain

問題6選項

A.Twoapproachestotestingahypothesisaredescribed,andthegreatermeritsofoneapproachareindicated.

B.Theassumptionsunderlyingtwohypothesesareoutlined,andevidenceforandagainsteachhypothesisisdiscussed.

C.Aphenomenonisdescribed,andhypothesesconcerningitsoccurrenceareconsideredandrejected

D.Thereasoningbehindahypothesisissummarized,evidencesupportingthehypothesisispresented,andresearchthatcountersthesupportingevidenceisdescribed.

問題7選項

A.completeagreement

B.reluctantsupport

C.subtlecondescension

D.irreverentdismissa

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

【解析】1.由題干中的單詞factor找到文章第一段：Therearetwomajorreasonsforthisemphasis.