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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京培黎職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題
改革開放以來,中國找到了一條適合自己國情的促進和發(fā)展人權(quán)的道路。中國是一個歷史悠久、人口眾多、資源和財富相對短缺的東方發(fā)展中國家。在這樣一個國家促進人權(quán),既不能照搬西方發(fā)達國家的人權(quán)發(fā)展模式,也不能因襲其他發(fā)展中國家的做法,只能從中國的國情出發(fā),探索具有自身特點的發(fā)展道路。改革開放以后,中國在總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗和教訓的基礎(chǔ)上,找到了一條真正符合中國國情的促進人權(quán)發(fā)展的道路。這就是:將生存權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)放在首位,在改革、發(fā)展、穩(wěn)定的條件下,全面推進人權(quán)。這條道路的特點是:在發(fā)展人權(quán)的基本方向上,堅持發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力和共同富裕的原則,立足于改善全國人民的生活和促進全國人民人權(quán)的發(fā)展。在促進人權(quán)的輕重緩急上,強調(diào)生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)的首要地位,同時兼顧公民的政治、經(jīng)濟、社會、文化權(quán)利和個人、集體權(quán)利的全面發(fā)展;在促進和保障人權(quán)的方式上,強調(diào)穩(wěn)定是前提,發(fā)展是關(guān)鍵,改革是動力,法制是保障。20多年來,由于中國堅持了這條正確的發(fā)展道路,不僅使全國人民的生活狀況和精神風貌大為改觀,而且形成了一整套比較完備的保障人民民主權(quán)利的政治制度和法律體系,從而使人權(quán)建設(shè)在制度化、法律化的軌道上取得了長足的進展,人權(quán)狀況呈現(xiàn)出不斷改善的良好態(tài)勢。
Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
【答案】Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahasfoundaroadforthepromotionanddevelopmentofhumanrightsthatsuitsitsreality.ChinaisanOrientaldevelopingcountrywithalonghistory,alargepopulationandrelativelyscarceresourcesandwealth.Topromotehumanrightsinsuchacountry,ChinamustneitherimitateindiscriminatelyWesterncountries’developmentmodeofhumanrightsnorfollowotherdevelopingcountries’methodsbutstartfromChina’sactualconditionsandexplorearoadwithitsowncharacteristics.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,Chinahas,onthebasisofsumminguphistoricalexperiencesanddrawinglessonsfromthem,foundawaytobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthereforehasfoundawaytopromoteanddevelophumanrightsthatisagreeabletoChina’sreality.Thismeansputtingtherighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentinthefirstplaceandpushingforwardhumanrightsinanall?roundwayundertheconditionsofreform,developmentandstability.Thefeaturesofthisroadaretoadheretotheprincipleofdevelopingproductiveforcesandpromotingcommonprosperity,basedonimprovingthelifeofpeoplealloverChinaandpromotingthedevelopmentofhumanrightsofalltheChinesepeopleintermsofthebasicorientationofdevelopinghumanrights.Asfortheorderofimportanceandurgencyofdevelopinghumanrights,therighttosubsistenceanddevelopmentshouldbeputinthefirstplaceandinthemeantime,considerationshouldbegiventodevelopinginanall-roundwaycitizens’political,economic,socialandculturalrightsaswellasindividualandcollectiverights.Asforthewayofpromotingandguaranteeinghumanrights,itshouldbeemphasizedthatstabilityistheprerequisite;developmentisthecrux;reformisthedrivingforce;andgovernmentaccordingtolawistheguarantee.Overthepasttwodecades,China’sadherencetothiscorrectroadtodevelopmenthasledtonotonlytheimprovementofChinesepeople’slivingconditionsandtheirmoralebutalsotheformationofawholesetofrelativelycompletepoliticalandlegalsystemsensuringpeople’sdemocraticrights.Thus,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinputtinghumanrightsintoalegalandinstitutionalframework,andChina’shumanrightsdevelopmenthasbeenimprovingincessantly.
2.單選題
Themayor(
)hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.
問題1選項
A.intoned
B.expanded
C.tailored
D.shortened
【答案】C
【解析】動詞辨析題。intone“吟誦,吟詠”;expand“擴大,擴展”;tailor“剪裁;使合適”;shorten“縮短,變短”。根據(jù)句意‘為了迎合聚集于自己辦公室的無家可歸的人,市長(
)自己的演說。’確定C選項正確。
3.單選題
Whenthejurybroughtina()ofguilt,thedefendantwhowasoverwhelminglyarrogantseveralminutesagodroopedhishead.
問題1選項
A.judgment
B.appraisal
C.verdict
D.conviction
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:judgment“判斷”;B:appraisal“評價”;C:verdict“結(jié)論,裁定”;D:conviction“頂嘴,證明有罪”。句意:陪審團拿著判罪裁決書進來時,幾分鐘之前還相當自大的被告低下了他的頭。結(jié)合句意,選C。
4.單選題
BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability(
)emotionaldepthtohersongs.
問題1選項
A.begiving
B.aregiven
C.togive
D.beinggiven
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意:比利霍樂迪,作為一位偉大的爵士布魯斯歌手,她的盛名在于能將感情融入到歌曲中。故C項正確。
5.單選題
Speakersandlistenersareoftenatodds:languagethatiseasyforthereceivertounderstandisoftendifficulttoproduce,andthatwhichiseasilyformulatedcanbehardto().
問題1選項
A.comprehend
B.ignore
C.confirm
D.defend
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。comprehend理解,包含;ignore忽視,不理睬confirm確認,確定;defend辯護。由前半句可知說話者與接受者之間存在矛盾,故后面可推知這兩者之間還存在另一種矛盾,即容易表達的話卻難以理解。故A項正確。句意:說話者和傾聽者常常意見不一致:容易讓接受者理解的語言往往很難產(chǎn)生,而容易表達的語言卻很難理解。
6.單選題
I.(LegalHistory)
Theelementsofverticalpluralismweresupplementedwithstructuresofhorizontalpluralismthroughtheiradherencetotheideaofaiuscommune(普通法).TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.),themainsourceoffeudallaw,hadearlyonbecomeapartoftheCorpusiuriscivilis(民法);andwhileCanonlawmaximswereappliedalsointhecontextoftheRomaniuscommune,CanonlawincludedsubstantialelementsofRomanlaw.Here,thegeneralprinciplewas:ecclesiavivitlegRomana(教會的羅馬法).Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.Normally,thedecisionsofthemerchants’courtswerebasedontheiuscommune,whichwasindeedregardedasthe“materlegismercatoriae”(商人法之母).TheRomanruleswereonlymodifiedinaccordancewiththeneedsofcommerceonthebasis,forexample,oftheideaofanaequitasmercatoria(商人的正義).Altogether,thiswasacomplexsystemwithrulesbothconflictingwithandcomplementingeachother.Forinstance,therelationshipbetweenCanonlawandtheseculariuscivile(世俗民法)wasneverwithouttensions.Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.Foramedievaljurist,theDecretumGratiani(acollectionofCanonlawcompiledandwritteninthe12thcenturyasalegaltextbookbythejuristknownasGratian)andlatercollectionsofPapallegislationwereasimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(羅馬法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.
51.TheLombardlibrifeudorumis___.
52.Accordingtotheauthor,thelexmercatoria___.
53.Whichofthefollowingstatementisclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?
54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedastheimportantsourceoftheiuscommuneintheparagraph?
問題1選項
A.acompilationoffeudalcustoms
B.thenameofaLordinthe12thcentury
C.thelaworiginatinginLombardy
D.a12thcenturycollection
問題2選項
A.wasasetoftransnationalcommerciallaw
B.wasfullyindependentofRomeLaw
C.werelocalnormsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice
D.modifiedRomanlaw
問題3選項
A.Differentlegalsourcesformediuscommune.
B.IuscommuneintegratedCanonlawandRomeLaw.
C.IuscommuneisawordinpluralforminLatinlanguage.
D.MundaneRomanlawandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurcharetwoindependentsystems.
問題4選項
A.PrinciplesofNaturalLaw
B.RomanCorpusiuriscivilis
C.TheauthoritativeGlossestothecorporaiurisRomani
D.Lexmercatoria
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
【解析】51.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文TheLombardlibrifeudorum(atwelfthcenturycollection,originatinginLombardy,offeudalcustoms,whichgainedwideacceptanceasastatementofthevariousrulesgoverningtherelationoflordandvassal.)(倫巴第librifeudorum(起源于倫巴第的一本十二世紀的封建習俗的藏書,作為統(tǒng)治領(lǐng)主和附庸關(guān)系的各種規(guī)則的陳述而被廣泛接受。))可知選D選項“12世紀的收藏”;A選項“封建風俗的匯編”,B選項“12世紀一位勛爵的名字”以及C選項“法律起源于倫巴第”和原文不符合。因此D選項正確。
52.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文Similarly,thelexmercatoria(商人法)wasnotafullyindependentbodyoftransnationalcommerciallaw,butratherconsistedofmany,mostlylocal,normsthatmodifiedRomanlawinmattersofcommercialpractice.(同樣,商人法并不是一個完全獨立的跨國商業(yè)法律,而是由許多主要是當?shù)氐囊?guī)范修改后的羅馬法在重要的商業(yè)實踐)可知選C選項“是修改羅馬法商業(yè)實踐事項的地方規(guī)范”;A選項“是一套跨國商法”,B選項“完全獨立于羅馬法”以及D選項“修正的羅馬法”不符合原文,因此C選項正確。
53.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子Indeed,theideaofaiuscoinmunewasinitselfapluralone:theiuscommunewasbasedonarangeofdifferentlegalsourcesanditintegratedtwoindependentlegalsystems,namelythemundaneRomanlawontheonehandandtheCanonlawoftheRomanChurchontheotherhand.(事實上,普通法的概念本身就是一個復(fù)數(shù)概念:普通法基于一系列不同的法律淵源,它整合了兩個獨立的法律體系,一方面是世俗的羅馬法,另一方面是羅馬教會的教規(guī)法),表達了普通法結(jié)合了羅馬法和教規(guī)法,選B選項“普通法綜合了教會法和羅馬法”;A選項“不同的法律來源形成了普通法”并不是最佳選項;C選項“Iuscommune在拉丁語中是復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞”以及D選項“世俗羅馬法和羅馬教會的教會法是兩個獨立的體系”不符合原文表達的含義。因此B選項正確。
54.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文末尾asimportantsourcesoftheiuscommuneastheromanCorpusiuriscivilis.Inaddition,thesetextswerecomplementedwiththeEmperor’slegislation(atleastwithintheconfinesoftheOldEmpire),withtheauthoritativeGlosses(commentaries)tothecorporaiurisRomani(羅馬法)andCanonici(asitwaslatercalled),andlateralsowiththeprinciplesofNaturalLaw.(與羅馬《公民法典》一樣,都是普通法的重要來源。此外,這些文本還補充了皇帝的立法(至少在舊帝國的范圍內(nèi)),并對羅馬法和后來被稱為Canonici進行了權(quán)威性的注釋,后來修訂了自然法的原則)可知A選項“自然法原則”,B選項“羅馬《公民法典》”以及C選項“權(quán)威的羅馬法”在文章都有提及,D選項“商人法”不在此范圍內(nèi)。因此D選項符合題意。
7.單選題
Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient
Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).
Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.
Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.
ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.
1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat(
).
2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat(
).
3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat(
).
4.Theauthorismostcriticalof(
).
5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe(
).
問題1選項
A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.
B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.
C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable
D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.
問題2選項
A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.
B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation
C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.
D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.
問題3選項
A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.
B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.
C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.
D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.
問題4選項
A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.
B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.
C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.
D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.
問題5選項
A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.
B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.
C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.
D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第一段指出:...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade(專營某一類產(chǎn)品而不是所有的產(chǎn)品,每個國家都將會從自由貿(mào)易中獲利)。
2.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices(以上兩種是基于自由市場決定價格這一假設(shè))。
3.細節(jié)題。文章最后一句話:Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast
20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition(過去20年間,美國所謂的“公平貿(mào)易”機制已日益轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊绹鴮嵤┎还酵赓Q(mào)競爭的保護工具。故可知A項(美國在實踐中沒有堅持自由貿(mào)易原則)、D項(公平貿(mào)易政策往往只是偽裝成保護主義的形式)符合文章內(nèi)容,排除。第四段:...theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot...美國通過恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報復(fù)方式,迫使其他國家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。由此可知,B項(美國經(jīng)常出于自身利益而使用懲罰威脅)符合文章內(nèi)容,排除。由此可以推斷C正確。
4.推斷題。文章指出:美國現(xiàn)行的貿(mào)易政策是以不同評估標準為前提,這一前提是依據(jù)1988年通過的《貿(mào)易和競爭力綜合法案》第301條至310條規(guī)定。這些規(guī)定使得美國可以通過恐嚇式的關(guān)稅報復(fù)方式,迫使其他國家接受其新的貿(mào)易政策。因此推測D項正確。
5.主旨大意題。B項(美國的貿(mào)易政策違背了經(jīng)濟學)比較能概括全文主旨。
8.單選題
Writtenprimarilyforaspecializedbutdiversebodyofscholars,thisbook(
)theattentionofthoseinterestedinseventeenth-centuryEnglishliterature.
問題1選項
A.warrant
B.proposes
C.acclaims
D.distills
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。warrant“保證;擔保”;propose“建議,打算”;acclaim“稱贊”;distill“提取”。句意:這本書主要是為一群專業(yè)且各路學者而寫,所以,它一定會引起那些對17世紀文學感興趣的人的注意。選項A符合題意。
9.單選題
Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,(
)isofgreatimportancetoscience.
問題1選項
A.whichIthink
B.whichIthinkit
C.ofwhichIthink
D.Ithinkwhich
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。which指代先行詞discovery,在從句中作主語,Ithink作插入語時,引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)放在其前面,因此選A。句意:這位科學家又有了一個了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn),我認為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)這對科學很重要。
10.單選題
"Theword‘protection'isnolongertaboo".Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylatelastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.
Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren'tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned—thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asia,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.
That'swhySarkozy'swordwassoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebate.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithinfreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandloserswillbeintheWest.EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJosephSchumpeter,whosaidthat"creativedestruction"wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples.Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.
Alittlehypocrisyisnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lookatwhat'shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund).TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.
ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians—whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday'sglobaleconomy—toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade.Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there'sarealdangerthatAdamSmith'sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofusworseoff,inonewayoranother.
1.Itcanbeinferredthat"protection"(Line1,Para.1)means()
2.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause()
3.By"thetableshaveturned"(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat()
4.TheWesterneconomistsusedtoliketheideaof"creativedestruction"becauseit()
5.Theauthoruses"IMF"asanexampletoillustratethepointthat()
問題1選項
A.improvingeconomicefficiency
B.endingthefree-tradepractice
C.loweringmoralstandard
D.raisingtradetariffs
問題2選項
A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies
B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries
C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples
D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith
問題3選項
A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered
B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade
C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive
D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent
問題4選項
A.setalong-termratherthanshort-termgoal
B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment
C.entailedapositiveratherthannegativementality
D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomics
問題5選項
A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical
B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice
C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates
D.Europeancountries'interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。第一段的首句提到,protection不再是一種禁忌,這將開啟一個新時代,以及下文提到的幾十年來,西方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一直認為,降低貿(mào)易壁壘和關(guān)稅是一件自然的好事。他們認為,這樣做將導(dǎo)致更大的經(jīng)濟效率和生產(chǎn)力,從而改善人類福利。根據(jù)文章可推測,下文提到的都是與protection意義相反的內(nèi)容。所以這里的保護指的是提高貿(mào)易關(guān)稅。選項D正確。
第2題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句"...sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization"他們將從自由化中獲得最大的利益。選項A符合原文。
第3題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容,發(fā)達國家知道他們的經(jīng)濟是最具競爭力的,然而這一形勢發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,也就是說發(fā)達國家的經(jīng)濟競爭力有所下降。選項C正確。
第4題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的"theyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere."他們(發(fā)達國家)總是假設(shè)毀滅會發(fā)生。以及第三段的最后一句“Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.”但在西方的理論和實踐中,顯然存在著一種消極的趨勢。所以西方經(jīng)濟學家過去喜歡引用這句話的原因是因為它意味著發(fā)展中的經(jīng)濟將會被毀滅,選項D符合原文。
第5題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“IMF”定位到第四段,根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.”但當西方官員主導(dǎo)這些全球機構(gòu)時,他們往往把自己的利益置于所有人的利益之上。所以作者以IMF為例是為了說明全球機構(gòu)不是由真正的全球化倡導(dǎo)者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的,選項C正確。
11.單選題
Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential().
問題1選項
A.atanyprice
B.withinreach
C.beyondmeasure
D.onpurpose
【答案】C
【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。atanyprice“無論如何”;withinreach“伸手可及”;beyondmeasure“無可估量”;onpurpose“有目的地,故意地”。句意:在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制,其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely,可知選項C符合題意。
12.單選題
3.
問題1選項
A.Itisfast.
B.Itisslow.
C.Itworkswell.
D.Itisnotworking.
【答案】B
【解析】W:Canthatclockberight,10:30?
M:Thatclockisalwaysoff.It’s11:05.
Q:Whatistrueabouttheclock?
【解析】細節(jié)題。從對話兩個時間點可知,這個鐘慢了。
13.單選題
CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand()bythesamefederallaws.
問題1選項
A.conform
B.abide
C.sustain
D.comply
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配題。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般與to和with搭配;sustain"承受;維持";comply"遵從,服從",一般與with搭配。句意:加利福尼亞人和新英格蘭人說同一種語言,并且遵守同樣的聯(lián)邦法律。選項B正確。
14.單選題
ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,Iknow(1)personalexperiencehowdifficultthisreallyis.Formorethanayear,Iwas
(2)
hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollarsadayininvestinginthemarket.Itseemedsoeasy,Idreamedof
(3)myjobattheendoftheyear,ofbuyingasmallapartmentinParis,oftravelingaroundtheworld.Butthesedreams
(4)toasuddenanddramaticendwhenastockI
(5),Texascellularponewholesaler,fellbymorethan75percent
(6)aoneyearperiod.Onthe(7)day,itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.Therewasarumorthecompanywas
(8)salesfigures.ThatwaswhenIlearnedhowquicklyWallstreet
(9)companiesthat,inonewayoranother,misrepresentthe(10)
.
Ina
(11),Isoldallmystocksinthecompany,paying
(12)margindebtwithcashadvancesfrommy
(13)card.BecauseIownedsomanyshares,I
(14)asmallfortune,halfofitfrommoneyIborrowedfromthebrokeragecompany.Onemonth,Iama
(15),thenext,aloser.Thisonebiglosswasmyfirstlessoninthemarket.
Myfatherwasastockbroker,aswaymygrandfather
(16)him(Infact,hefoundedoneofChicago'searliestbrokeragefirms.)Butlikesomanythingsinlife,wedon’tlearnanything,untilwe
(17)forourselves.Theonlywaytoreallyunderstandtheinner(18)ofthestockmarketistoinvestyourownhard-earnedmoney.Whenallyourstocksaredoing
(19)andyoufeellikeawinner,youlearnverylittle.It’swhenallyourstocksarelosingandeveryoneisquestioningyourstockpicking
(20)thatyoufindoutifyouhavewhatittakestoinvestinthemarket.
問題1選項
A.at
B.in
C.from
D.by
問題2選項
A.making
B.spending
C.selling
D.buying
問題3選項
A.losing
B.retiring
C.getting
D.quitting
問題4選項
A.turned
B.came
C.went
D.seemed
問題5選項
A.owned
B.owed
C.rented
D.sold
問題6選項
A.over
B.by
C.from
D.with
問題7選項
A.busy
B.slow
C.worst
D.fast
問題8選項
A.cheating
B.exaggerating
C.announcing
D.beating
問題9選項
A.punishes
B.defeats
C.tells
D.shows
問題10選項
A.trade
B.truth
C.lie
D.lies
問題11選項
A.despair
B.worry
C.panic
D.moment
問題12選項
A.all
B.off
C.over
D.up
問題13選項
A.credit
B.identity
C.identification
D.loan
問題14選項
A.won
B.lost
C.gained
D.Found
問題15選項
A.winner
B.champagne
C.genius
D.mentor
問題16選項
A.after
B.before
C.for
D.and
問題17選項
A.remember
B.live
C.imagine
D.experience
問題18選項
A.workings
B.innings
C.price
D.shares
問題19選項
A.more
B.great
C.much
D.up
問題20選項
A.facility
B.faculty
C.ability
D.power
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
第6題:A
第7題:C
第8題:B
第9題:A
第10題:B
第11題:C
第12題:B
第13題:A
第14題:B
第15題:A
第16題:B
第17題:D
第18題:A
第19題:C
第20題:C
【解析】(1)固定搭配。謂語動詞是know,賓語是howdifficultthisreallyis,所以“personalexperience”是動作實施的途徑,作方式狀語。其中,固定表達“knowfrom/through...從……中明白”符合語境和句意‘許多人投資股市,希望找到下一個微軟和戴爾。然而,從我的個人經(jīng)歷中,我知道這有多么困難?!?,所以C選項正確。
(2)固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語“hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollars幾百,有時是幾千美元”和介詞in可知,B選項構(gòu)成固定搭配“spend時間/金錢+in+doingsth.花時間/金錢做某事”正確。
(3)固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語“myjob我的工作”可知,D選項構(gòu)成“quitone’sjob辭職”符合語境和句意‘在一年多的時間里,我每天都要花費數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千美元來投資股市。這似乎很容易,我夢想在年底辭掉工作,在巴黎買一套小公寓,環(huán)游世界?!?。
(4)詞組。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but確定這一句是說‘夢想破滅’,B選項“cometoanend”表示“結(jié)束;終止”,正確。
(5)詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知,作者的一支名為“Texascellularponewholesaler”的股票大跌,因此,此處表示“擁有”之意,A選項正確。
(6)固定搭配。句意‘但當我持有的一只股票Texascellularponewholesale)在一年時間里下跌逾75%時,這些夢想突然戲劇性地終結(jié)了?!痮veraoneyearperiod表示“在短短一年之間”,A選項正確。
(7)詞義辨析。根據(jù)空格后下一句“itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.股票日跌幅高達15美金?!笨芍?,C選項“最壞的一天"符合語境,正確。
(8)詞義辨析。cheating‘欺騙’;exaggerating‘夸大,夸張’;announcing‘宣告,發(fā)表’;beating‘敲打,擊打’;根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“rumor謠言”以及后文“misrepresent誤傳”可知,B選項“夸大”修飾賓語“銷售數(shù)字”符合語境,正確。
(9)詞義辨析。punish‘懲罰’;defeat‘擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝’;tell‘告訴,講述’;show‘展示,演示’;根據(jù)定語從句中動詞“misrepresent誤傳;不如實地說明”可知,A項“懲罰(這類公司)”符合語境‘有謠言說公司夸大了銷售數(shù)字。就在那時,我了解到華爾街是多么迅速地懲罰那些以這樣或那樣的方式歪曲…….的公司?!?,正確。
(10)詞義辨析。trade‘貿(mào)易,交易’;truth‘真相,真理’;lie‘謊言’;根據(jù)前文語境可知,此處表達“懲罰那些……的公司”,B選項構(gòu)成“(誤傳)真相”符合語境搭配,正確。
(11)固定搭配。indespair“絕望”,inapanic“驚恐萬分”,inamoment“此刻”,沒有inaworry這個搭配,根據(jù)后文“Isoldallmystocksinthecompany我賣掉了公司所有的股票”可知,前文表示的狀態(tài)應(yīng)備是C選項“inapanic驚恐萬分”。
(12)詞組辨析。payoff“還清(債務(wù)等)”,payup“全部付清”。根據(jù)空格后關(guān)鍵詞“margindebt債務(wù)”可知B選項正確。
(13)固定搭配。此處表示用‘信用卡creditcard’償還債務(wù),A選項正確。
(14)詞義辨析。won‘贏得’;lost‘丟失,損失’;gained‘獲得’;Found‘發(fā)現(xiàn)’;此處句意是“因為我有很多股票,所以,我……了一小筆。”根據(jù)前文可知,此話是處于股票跌值的語境中,所以B項“損失”符合語境,正確。
(15)詞義辨析。winner‘贏家,獲勝者’;champagne‘香檳’;genius‘天才’;mentor‘指導(dǎo)者’;根據(jù)后文關(guān)鍵詞“thenext,aloser之后,是個失敗者”可知,A選項“勝者”符合對比語境。
(16)介詞辨析。此處的“him他”是指“myfather我的父親”,表示“父親和祖父是一樣的身份”。因此,祖父在父親之前也是個股票經(jīng)紀人,則B項‘在……之前’正確。
(17)詞義辨析。remember‘記得,記住’;live‘居住’;imagine‘想象,猜想’;experience‘經(jīng)歷’;“wedon'tlearnanything我什么都沒有學到”,而且后文關(guān)鍵詞“ourselves我們自己”可知,此處表示“直到我們親身經(jīng)歷此事”,D想象正確。
(18)詞義辨析。workings‘工作方式’;innings‘局’;price‘價格’;shares‘股份’;根據(jù)語境,A選項構(gòu)成“innerworkings內(nèi)部狀況”符合語境,正確。
(19)詞義辨析。句意“如果你全部股票長勢很好,你自己也覺得是贏家,那你學到的其實很少。”此處修飾動詞do,需要副詞進行修飾,同時表示‘很好’之意,C選項正確。
(20)詞義辨析。A選項“天資;才能”;B項更強調(diào)生命體本身所具有的能力;C項“本領(lǐng);能力”,是指人運用腦力或體力完成特定任務(wù)的能力(側(cè)重于能還是不能),是各種能力的總稱。D項“動力;力量”。此處表示“挑選股票的能力”,C選項符合語境,正確。
15.單選題
IV.(CriminalLaw)
Theacrimoniousdebateovercapitalpunishmenthascontinuedforcenturies.Inrecentdecades,thedebatehasheatedupintheU.S.followingtheSupremeCourt-imposedmoratoriumoncapitalpunishment.Currently,severalstatesareconsideringachangeintheirpoliciesregardingthestatusofthedeathpenalty.Nebraska’slegislature,forexample,recentlypassedatwo-yearmoratoriumonexecutions,whichwas,however,vetoedbythestate’sgovernor.Tenotherstateshaveatleastconsideredamoratoriumlastyear.ThegroupincludesOklahomawhoselegislaturewillsoonconsi
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