考研考博-英語-佳木斯職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-佳木斯職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficientlythatpoliceweresureitwasacaseof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vagabond

B.sabotage

C.paradox

D.tachyon

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.vagabond流浪者；無業(yè)游民B.sabotage蓄意破壞；刻意阻礙

C.paradox悖論，反論；似是而非的論點(diǎn)D.tachyon速子，超光束粒子

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前文關(guān)鍵信息“Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficiently（機(jī)器被破壞得很厲害）”可推斷這是蓄意而為，因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】機(jī)器被毀壞得如此厲害，以致警方斷定這是一起蓄意破壞事件。

2.單選題

There’sawhole（）ofbillswaitingtobepaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stock

B.stack

C.number

D.sequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。4個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“大量”的意思。A選項(xiàng)stock“儲(chǔ)備物；備用物；供應(yīng)物”，指儲(chǔ)存以后拿來用的物品，astockof“一批，大量?jī)?chǔ)備”；B選項(xiàng)stack“大量；許多；一大堆”，指數(shù)量很多的物品，astackof“一堆，一摞”；C選項(xiàng)number“大量”，anumberof“一些，許多”，搭配可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；D選項(xiàng)sequence“序列，順序”，指有先后順序和連貫的事物，asequenceof“一系列，一連串”。句意：有一大堆的賬單等著你去付。Thereis是單數(shù)形式，結(jié)合語境中一大堆的賬單和詞組用法，astackof“一堆”和bills“賬單搭配”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.本題要求找到這篇文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。因?yàn)槲闹袥]有提到和重點(diǎn)關(guān)注地球上的生命，排除D選項(xiàng)“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作為本文的高頻詞和關(guān)鍵詞確定文章講的是與超新星有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故應(yīng)排除B項(xiàng)“宇宙中的激變”；通過分析文章可知主要是介紹了超新星的起源以及為宇宙所帶來的影響，A選項(xiàng)“超新星的起源和影響”作為標(biāo)題最適合。

2.題目是問中子星的定義。根據(jù)第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加熱氣態(tài)云并且壓縮體積巨大的氣態(tài)云形成新的恒星。中間階段類似漏氣的氣球，不斷產(chǎn)生能量保持內(nèi)外壓力，最終能量耗盡，星體內(nèi)部塌陷，形成高密度和高溫星體，原子和電子融合形成超級(jí)物質(zhì)，就被稱為中子星。所以B選項(xiàng)“介于一顆普通恒星與超新星之間的中間階段”正確。

3.本題是問第三段中作者提到的隕石……。A項(xiàng)意為“包含著危險(xiǎn)的有放射性物質(zhì)的聚集”；B項(xiàng)意為“比在像我們一樣的太陽系中發(fā)現(xiàn)的流星更大”；C項(xiàng)意為“包含數(shù)塊在數(shù)億年前就存在的超新星”；D項(xiàng)意為“不包括在我們的太陽系的發(fā)展中創(chuàng)造出的物質(zhì)”。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近關(guān)于隕石的發(fā)現(xiàn)包括有某些異常的核素的聚集表明了一個(gè)超新星可能比我們太陽系產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間早45億年時(shí)間。確定C選項(xiàng)“包含數(shù)塊在數(shù)億年前就存在的超新星”正確。

4.本題是問導(dǎo)致超新星存在的第一個(gè)首要的事件是什么。根據(jù)第一段的描述：在每一百年中有兩次銀河系中的大質(zhì)量的恒星就會(huì)在超新星爆炸中將自己分解并發(fā)射大量的輻射物質(zhì)并進(jìn)入太空生成沖擊波而席卷整個(gè)銀河系。這種星級(jí)氣體加熱激波，蒸發(fā)了小云朵，并壓縮較大的一些到達(dá)在自身引力作用下的爆發(fā)點(diǎn)最終形成新的恒星，最終會(huì)形成中子星。所以D選項(xiàng)“一顆普通的恒星耗盡供應(yīng)的核燃料并開始爆炸”是第一個(gè)發(fā)生的事件。

5.由第二段中的內(nèi)容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射線天文臺(tái)對(duì)超新星現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)提供了一些最有用的洞見也就不足為奇了。確定C選項(xiàng)“有時(shí)候通過觀察X射線光譜來探測(cè)超新星比通過觀察可見光波段來探測(cè)更容易”正確。

4.單選題

Brazil’sconstitution（）themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withdraws

B.forbids

C.interrupts

D.objects

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。withdraw“撤銷，撤退”；forbid“禁止”；interrupt“打擾”；object“反對(duì)”。句意：巴西憲法規(guī)定軍隊(duì)禁止使用核能。由憲法可推知forbid更符合題意。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ifhehadknownhowtorepairthetoaster,hesurely

her.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldtell

B.wouldhavetold

C.willtell

D.tells

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)if從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，可判斷出主句應(yīng)該使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：要是他知道怎么修理烤面包機(jī)，他肯定早就告訴她了。

6.單選題

Whenworkingonhisnovel,hewasperfectlycautiousnottomakeevena（）ofthepen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slid

B.slip

C.glide

D.skid

【答案】B

【解析】aslipofthepen為固定搭配,意為“筆誤”。句意：在寫小說時(shí),他非常小心謹(jǐn)慎以免出現(xiàn)筆誤。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

IfRepublicansinCongressunitebehindDonaldTrump’sagenda,itwillnotbebecausetheyhavechangedtheirviewsoneconomics.WhateverMr.Trump’splansforbordertaxesandfiscalstimulus,mostRepublicansstillprofesstosupportfreetradeandloathegovernmentborrowing.(36)Instead,unityispossiblebecausetwoothergoalsbindthepresidentandhispartytogether.Thefirst,taxcuts,isausualpriorityfortheparty.Butthesecond,deregulation,onlyrecentlyrosetothesamestatus.Thecalltocutredtape（官樣文章，冗長(zhǎng)的法規(guī)條文）isnowanemotiverallyingcryforRepublicans—moreso,intheheartsofmanycongressmen,thanslashingdeficits.Deregulationwill,theyargue,unleasha“confidentAmerica”inwhichbusinessesthriveandwagessoar,leavingeconomists,withtheirexcusesforthe“newnormal”oflowgrowth,redfaced.Aretheyright?

(37)ThestraightforwardmotivationforRepublicans’deregulatoryagendaistheirdisdainforPresidentBarackObama’slegacy,muchofwhichwasinstalledthroughregulatoryfiat.TheAffordableCareAct,betterknownasObamacare,requiredbureaucratstowritethousandsofpagesofnewrules;theDodd-Frankfinancial-reformbilldidthesame.(38)Whenlegislationwasnotforthcoming,theexecutivebranchthrewitsweightaroundinstead.ItassertedthattheCleanAirActgaveitwide-rangingpowerstofightclimatechange,andthattheCleanWaterActletitcleanupmanymorepondsandriversthaneverbefore.

(39)Buttottingupcostsandbenefitsishardlystraightforward.Anagencywhichsupportsaregulationcanobviouslynudgethenumbersinafavorabledirection.Bureaucratsmustsometimesmakevaluejudgments.Forinstance,theObamaadministrationcountedbenefitstoforeigncountrieswhenweighinguprulestoreducecarbonemissions.

Inanycase,cost-benefitanalysisagesbadly.Withoutupdatingit,itisdifficulttoknowhowmucholdregulationsweighontheeconomy.OneMercatusworkingpaperplugsthenumberofrulesineachindustryintoacomplexmodeloftheeconomy.Itfindsthatruleswrittensince1980havedampenedgrowthbyabout0.8percentagepointsayear.

(40)Republicansliketoputaboutthatsortoffigure,butitstrikesmanyeconomistsasimplausiblylarge.Eventhosesympathetictoderegulationarehesitanttoforecastthegrowtheffectsofaregulatorybonfire,preferringtostressthebenefitsoftaxcuts.Democrats,meanwhile,arescathingabouttheideathatrollingbackregulationswouldpepuptheeconomymuch.JasonFurman,whoadvisedMr.Obama,addsupthecostsofObama-erarulesandsaysitis“impossible”toseehowyouwouldaddevenatenthofapercentagepointtogrowthbyundoingthem.(TheTrumpadministrationpromisesgrowthof3.5%-4%,upfrom1.6%in2016,partlyonthebackofderegulation.)

【答案】36.相反，由于另外兩個(gè)目標(biāo)將總統(tǒng)及其政黨緊密聯(lián)系，團(tuán)結(jié)一致很有可能。第一，減稅是共和黨一貫主張的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。但第二點(diǎn)放松管制，直到最近才上升到同樣的地位。呼吁減少繁文縟節(jié)，是共和黨人如今的一種有力戰(zhàn)斗口號(hào)——在許多國(guó)會(huì)議員的心中，它比削減赤字更有分量。

37.共和黨人放松管制議程的直接動(dòng)機(jī)是蔑視巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)遺留政策，這其中大部分是通過監(jiān)管法令而確立的。

38.當(dāng)立法還沒有出臺(tái)時(shí)，行政部門就開始指手畫腳，斷言被《清潔空氣法》賦予廣泛權(quán)力以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，而因?yàn)椤肚鍧嵥ā非謇砹吮纫酝魏螘r(shí)候都多的池塘和河流。

39.但合計(jì)成本和收益并不簡(jiǎn)單。支持監(jiān)管的機(jī)構(gòu)顯然可以把數(shù)字推向有利的方向。政府官員有時(shí)必須做出主觀價(jià)值判斷。

40.雖然共和黨人總是提這種數(shù)字，但許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)大得難以置信。即使那些贊同放松管制的人，也不愿去預(yù)測(cè)監(jiān)管對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的影響，而更愿意強(qiáng)調(diào)減稅的好處。

8.單選題

Theyoungperformerscapturedandheldtheaudience’sattentionfromthemomentthecurtainwentup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gathered

B.caught

C.grabbed

D.trapped

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gathered“聚集”；B選項(xiàng)caught“捕捉”；C選項(xiàng)grabbed“抓住”；D選項(xiàng)trapped“誘捕”。句意：年輕的演員們從幕布升起的那一刻起就吸引住了觀眾的注意力。根據(jù)句意，C選項(xiàng)與劃線詞意思貼近，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Johnis（）hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noless

B.nomore

C.notless

D.noso

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)noless“不亞于，不比……少”；B選項(xiàng)nomore“不再”；C選項(xiàng)notless“至少”；D選項(xiàng)noso“沒有，不那么”。句意：約翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是卻沒有通過考試。本句表示約翰的努力不亞于他的姐姐。因此A選項(xiàng)正確

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Richard,KingofEnglandfrom1189to1199,withallhischaracteristicvirtuesandfaultscastinaheroicmould,isoneofthemostfascinatingmedievalfigures.Hehasbeendescribedascreatureandsymboloftheageofchivalry.Inthosedaysthelionwasmuchadmiredinheraldry,andmorethanonekingsoughttolinkhimselfwithitsfame.WhenRichard’scontemporariescalledhim“CoeurdeLion”(TheLionHeart),theypaidalastingcomplimenttothekingofbeasts.LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures.HewasinEnglandonlytwiceforafewshortmonthsinhistenyears’reign;yethismemoryhasalwaysbeeninEnglishhearts,andseemstopresentthroughoutthecenturiesthepatternofthefightingman.Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone.Hewastallanddelicatelyshaped,stronginnerveandmuscles.Herejoicedinpersonalcombat;andborenoill-willagainsthisopponents.Helovedwar,notsomuchforthesakeofgloryorpoliticalends,butasothermenlovescienceorpoetry,fortheexcitementofthestruggleandtheglowofvictory.Bythis,hiswholetemperamentwastoned;andunitedwiththehighestqualitiesofthemilitarycommander,loveofwarcalledforthallthepowersofhismindandbody.

Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.Hewasasreadytoforgiveashewashastytooffend;hewasopen-handed;inwarcarefulindesignandskilfulinexecution;inpoliticsachild,lackingintacticandexperience.Hispoliticalallianceswereformeduponhislikesanddislikes;hispoliticalschemeshadneitherunitynorclearnessofpurpose.Theadvantagesgainedforhimbymilitarygeniuswereflungawaythroughdiplomaticineptitude.When,onthejourneytotheEast,MessinainSicilywaswonbyhisarms,hewaseasilypersuadedtosharewithhispolished,faithlessally,PhilipAugustus,fruitsofavictorywhichmorewiselyusedmighthavefailedtheFrenchKing’sartfulschemes.TherichandtenableacquisitionofCypruswascastawayevenmoreeasilythanitwaswon.Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain.

In1199,whenthedifficultiesofraisingrevenuefortheendlesswarwereattheirheight,goodnewswasbroughttoKingRichard.ItwassaidtherehadbeendugupnearthecastleofChaluz,onthelandsofoneofhisFrenchvassals,atreasureofwonderfulqualify:agroupofgoldenimagesofanemperor,hiswife,sonsanddaughters,seatedroundatable,alsoofgold,hadbeenunearthed.TheKingclaimedthistreasureaslordparamount.ThelordofChaluzresistedthedemand,andtheKinglaidsiegetohissmall,weakcastle.Onthethirdday,herodedaringly,nearthewall,confidentinhishard-triedluck,aboltfromacrossbowstruckhiminleftshoulderbytheneck.Thewound,alreadydeep,wasworsenedbythenecessarycuttingoutofthearrow-head.Gangrenesetin,andCoeurdeLionknewthathemustpayasoldier’sdebt.Hepreparedfordeathwithcourageandcalmandinaccordancewiththeprincipleshehadfollowed.Hearrangedhisaffairs,hedividedhispersonalbelongingsamonghisfriendsorgavethemtocharity.HedeclaredJohntobehisheir,andmadeallpresentswearfaithfulnesstohim.Heorderedthearcherwhohadshotthefetalbolt,andwhowasnowaprisoner,tobebroughtbeforehim.Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney.ForsevenyearshehadnotconfessedforfearofbeingcompelledtobereconciledtoPhilip,butnowhereceivedtheofficesoftheChurchwithsincereandexemplarypiety,anddiedintheforty-secondyearofhisageonApril6,1199,worthy,bytheconsentofallmen,tositwithKingArthurandRolandasanotherheroofmartialromanceatsomeEternalRoundTable,whichwetrusttheCreatoroftheUniverseinHiscomprehensionwillnothaveforgottentoprovide.

Thearcherwasskinnedalive.

1.“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservice”(Paragraph1)meansthattheEnglish（）.

2.Tosaythathislifewasa“magnificentparade”(Paragraph2)impliesthatitwastosomeextent（）.

3.ThepointofthelastshortparagraphisthatRichardwas（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingphrasebestdescribesRichardasseenbytheauthor?

5.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphsisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidfewtaxestohim

B.gavehimlittlerespect

C.receivedlittleprotectionfromhim

D.hadnorealcausetofeelgratefultohim

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.spentchieflyatwar

B.impressiveandadmirable

C.livedtooprosperously

D.anemptyshow

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cheatedbyhisownsuccessors

B.determinedtotakerevengeonhisenemies

C.moregeneroustohisenemiesthanhissuccessors

D.unabletoinfluencethebehaviorofhissuccessors

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Anaggressiveking,toofondofwar.

B.Abravekingwithminorfaults.

C.Acompetentbutcunningsoldier.

D.Akingwithgreatpoliticalskills.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.eachpresentsonesideofthepicture

B.thefirstgeneralizeswhilethesecondgivesexamples

C.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirst

D.bothpresentRichard’svirtuesandfaults

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段第五句話“LittledidtheEnglishpeopleowehimforhisservices,andheavilydidtheypayforhisadventures”（英國(guó)人很少有能感激他幫助的方面，卻為他的冒險(xiǎn)付出了沉重的代價(jià)）可知英國(guó)人沒有真正的理由對(duì)他表示感激，且owe具有感激的意思。A選項(xiàng)“很少向他交稅”沒有原文依據(jù)；B選項(xiàng)“不尊重他”、C選項(xiàng)“幾乎沒有得到他的保護(hù)”兩項(xiàng)均說法錯(cuò)誤，他在人們心中是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)士的形象，所以人們是很尊重他的，也得到了其保護(hù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“magnificentparade”定位到第二段最后一句話“Hislifewasonemagnificentparade,which,whenended,leftonlyanemptyplain”（他的一生就像一場(chǎng)華麗的游行，當(dāng)游行結(jié)束時(shí)，只剩下一片空曠的平原）可知這里的magnificentparade是一片空曠的平原，即D選項(xiàng)徒勞的表演與語義相符。A選項(xiàng)“主要用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”說法過于絕對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“令人印象深刻欽佩”沒有原文依據(jù)；C選項(xiàng)“生活得太富?！闭f法錯(cuò)誤，在后面甚至背上了債務(wù)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到本文最后一段“Thearcherwasskinnedalive”（弓箭手被活剝了皮），再結(jié)合第三段的倒數(shù)第二句話“Hepardonedhimandmadehimagiftofmoney”（他赦免了他，并給了他一筆錢）可知理查德不能影響他的繼任者的行為。A選項(xiàng)“被自己的繼任者欺騙”、B選項(xiàng)“他決心向他的敵人報(bào)仇”、C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他的敵人比他的繼任者更慷慨”在文中沒有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第一段的第七句話“Inalldeedsofbraveryaswellasinlargeschemesofwar,Richardshone”（在所有的英勇行為和大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)計(jì)劃中，理查德都很出色）可知他是很英勇的；再結(jié)合第二段的第一句話“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel”（雖然理查德是一個(gè)充滿血腥和暴力的人，但他太沖動(dòng)了，既不奸詐，也不殘忍）可知理查德是一位英勇的國(guó)王，但也犯了很多錯(cuò)誤，所以B選項(xiàng)與題意相符。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好斗的國(guó)王，太喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)了”說法錯(cuò)誤，理查德不是好斗的，只是喜歡戰(zhàn)斗，但是對(duì)對(duì)手沒有惡意；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)有能力但狡猾的士兵”說法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“具有高超政治技巧的國(guó)王”，理查德在政治上就像個(gè)孩子，缺乏策略和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到第二段的第一句話“Althoughamanofbloodandviolence,Richardwastooimpetuoustobeeithertreacherousorhabituallycruel.”（雖然理查德是一個(gè)充滿血腥和暴力的人，但他太沖動(dòng)了，既不奸詐，也不殘忍）可知第一段描述了理查德喜歡戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，第二段便寫到他不是天生就是血腥和暴力的，由此推測(cè)一、二兩段分別描述了理查德的不同方面。B選項(xiàng)“第一個(gè)是概括，第二個(gè)是舉例”說法錯(cuò)誤，兩者是并列的，只是介紹了理查德的不同方面；C選項(xiàng)“后者是前者的邏輯結(jié)果”、D選項(xiàng)“兩者都展示了理查的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”均說法錯(cuò)誤，這兩段是并列的關(guān)系，不是因果關(guān)系，且沒有都介紹了其優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果這種新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米餅所含的蛋白質(zhì)盡管質(zhì)量較好，但對(duì)處于生存邊緣的家庭所帶來的利益將是有限的。”作者的重點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)它比其他玉米品種更容易受到昆蟲的侵害，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一項(xiàng)成功的新技術(shù)必須適應(yīng)它所處的整個(gè)社會(huì)文化系統(tǒng)。作物產(chǎn)量的安全性、儲(chǔ)藏的實(shí)用性、風(fēng)味和成本都比以前新技術(shù)的倡導(dǎo)者所認(rèn)識(shí)到的要重要得多?！边x項(xiàng)A，B，D均有所提及，所以本題選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的創(chuàng)新，如不透明玉米、南極磷蝦和黑小麥似乎更有希望，但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過早?！彼赃x項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過早”。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)B太過于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)C表述過于片面，只有選項(xiàng)D能夠全面的概括第一段的內(nèi)容，所以正確。

12.單選題

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheuniversities.Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantages（1）.usingfacultyfromforeigncountries（2）teachingpositionshavetobe（3）,ofcourse.Itcanhesaidthatforeign（4）thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso（5）problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.

Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolate（6）inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;（7）,whatheneedistobefitted（8）ahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom（9）athome.Heisfacedinhisdailywork（10）differencesinphilosophy,arrangementsofcoursesandmethodsofteaching.Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudents（11）backgroundineachother'scultures.Some（12）ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudentsis（13）bytheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimto（14）himselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalso（15）certainadjustmentsinorderto（16）fulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercan（17）.Itisn'talwaysknownhowtomake（18）useofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobea（19）wherefurtherstudyiscalled（20）.Thefindingsofsuchastudywillbeofvaluetocollegesanduniversitieswithforeignfaculty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.of

D.at

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.within

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.measured

C.balanced

D.considered

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.situation

B.circumstance

C.background

D.condition

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.carries

B.creates

C.emerges

D.solves

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.himself

B.oneself

C.him

D.one

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.otherwise

B.moreover

C.however

D.also

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.into

B.by

C.to

D.with

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.which

C.what

D.that

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.toward

B.with

C.to

D.at

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.possess

C.need

D.lack

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.concept

B.feeling

C.plan

D.intelligence

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.ordered

B.asked

C.insisted

D.required

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.place

B.adapt

C.put

D.direct

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.keep

C.make

D.cause

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.take

B.make

C.do

D.be

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.show

B.afford

C.express

D.offer

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.powerful

B.creative

C.imaginary

D.advantage

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.scope

B.range

C.field

D.district

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.upon

D.at

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查介詞。此處：使用外國(guó)教師的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)必須考慮，是名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系，用of，故正確答案為C。

2.考查介詞。從上下文來看，空格修飾的是“teachingpositions教學(xué)崗位”，最符合語境句意的選項(xiàng)為A。

3.考查動(dòng)詞。本句大意為：“使用外國(guó)教師的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)必須……”，再結(jié)合語境，只有D選項(xiàng)合適。

4.考查名詞。前文是foreign修飾空格處，根據(jù)語境及語意應(yīng)該填入foreignbackground“外籍背景”，故選擇C項(xiàng)。

5.考查動(dòng)詞。句意大概是：“國(guó)外的教師資源也會(huì)……問題”。從上下文來看，最符合語境句意的選項(xiàng)為B“產(chǎn)生”。

6.考查反身代詞。根據(jù)上下文，空格處指代句子主語“Theforeignresearchscholar外國(guó)研究學(xué)者”，符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)的選項(xiàng)為A。

7.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文含義，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而且轉(zhuǎn)折詞在前，因此最佳答案為C。

8.考查固定搭配。fitinto“（使）適合；與……融為一體”，因此答案為A。

9.考查代詞。此處句意為：“他必須適應(yīng)管理嚴(yán)密的大學(xué)體系，而這一點(diǎn)是與他國(guó)內(nèi)的大學(xué)體系大不相同的”，空格處缺少代詞，代指大學(xué)體系。因此答案為D。

10.考查固定搭配。befacedwith“面對(duì)”，因此正確選項(xiàng)為B。

11.考查動(dòng)詞。此處大意為：“所有外來教授和他的學(xué)生都……文化共同性”，結(jié)合語境，正確選項(xiàng)D。

12.考查名詞。根據(jù)語境及句意，空格處和“whatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudents”之間是所屬關(guān)系，因此A選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成“學(xué)生腦海中的概念”為最佳答案。

13.考查動(dòng)詞。此處大意為：“外來教授……學(xué)生頭腦里已存在的那些概念”，空格處修飾concept“概念”這一詞，結(jié)合語境，故選D。

14.考查固定搭配。adapt...to...使適應(yīng)于……，因此正確選項(xiàng)為B。

15.考查動(dòng)詞。makeadjustments“做出調(diào)整”。根據(jù)語境，最佳答案為C。

16.考查固定搭配。takefulladvantageof...“充分利用”，故答案為A。

17.考查動(dòng)詞。show“顯示；說明”；afford“買得起；給予，提供”；express“表達(dá)；快遞的”；offer“提供，供應(yīng)”。根據(jù)語境及句意，D為最佳答案。

18.考查形容詞。此處大意為：“……利用外籍教工”，空格處修飾名詞use。powerful“強(qiáng)大的；強(qiáng)有力的”；creative“創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)意的”；.imaginary“虛構(gòu)的，假想的”；advantage“優(yōu)勢(shì)；利益；有利條件”。根據(jù)語境及句意，B為最佳答案。

19.考查名詞。scope“范圍；余地；視野”；range“范圍；幅度”；field“領(lǐng)域”；district“區(qū)域；地方；行政區(qū)”。此處句意為：“這是一個(gè)