考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧夏財(cái)經(jīng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisbookwasaworkofsuch（

）thatittook20yearstowrite.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnitude

B.extent

C.degree

D.amount

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)magnitude“大小，量級(jí)”；B選項(xiàng)extent“程度，范圍”；C選項(xiàng)degree“程度，等級(jí)”；D選項(xiàng)amount“數(shù)量，總額”。句意：這本書(shū)是如此龐大的一個(gè)作品，以致于花了20年才寫(xiě)成。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.

AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedtherecentlyuncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.

“Ithinkit’squitetruetosaythatnothing(intheseareas)hasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,”saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward—ClydeConsultantsinPasadenaCalif.Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.

1.Duringthe1976TangshanearthquakeinChina,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerekilledby（

）.

2.ItisimpliedinParagraph2that（

）.

3.Theword“shock”meansthesameas（

）.

4.Whatdoestheword“mild”inParagraph4mean?

5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fire

B.un-strengthenedbrickandstonebuildings

C.masonrywalls

D.un-reinforcedconcretewalls

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mr.Atwaterloveshisdaughterverymuch

B.Mr.AtwaterandotherscientistspayattentiontosignsofearthquakesinthePacificNorthwest

C.theearthquakeswillstrikenorthwesterncities

D.Mr.Atwaterhasbeenconcernedalotoverschoolroomsforthepastseveralyears

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.quake

B.violenceforce

C.attack

D.crash

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.soft

B.nothard

C.notsevere

D.gentle

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThepublicschoolwhereMr.Atwater’sdaughterstudieshasschoolroomseasytodestroyduringamassiveearthquake.

B.Whilesomescientistsstilldon’tbelievethathugequakeswilloccurinPacificNorthwest,moreandmorescientistsfeelcertain.

C.SomervilleandhiscolleaguesmadeajudgmentonthelosssufferedinSeattleduringthenextearthquake.

D.Theresearchersareworriedthatnorthwesterncitieshaven’tmadeanypreparationsagainstsuchahugequake.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段最后一、二句話(huà)...thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.（她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚墻，這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著。相同類(lèi)型的墻在1976年的唐山大地震壓死了成百上千人）。第二步綜合理解，這里un-reinforcedmasonrywalls與選C相符，所以答案選C。

A選項(xiàng)“火”，在文中都沒(méi)有提到屬于無(wú)中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有加固的磚石建筑”，對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段最后一二句話(huà)，但是此處講的是un-reinforcedmasonrywalls不是brickandstonebuilding，此處屬于張冠李戴，所以不選；

D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)鋼筋混凝土墻”，此處講的是masonrywalls不是concretewalls，此處也屬于張冠李戴，所以不選。

第2題:推理判斷題。第一步，找句內(nèi)線(xiàn)索，定位到第二段第二句Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.（但在過(guò)去幾年里，他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象，太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過(guò)巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，該地區(qū)可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊），第二步綜合理解，定位句和B選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)德華和其他科學(xué)家注意到了南太平洋地震的預(yù)兆”；是同意轉(zhuǎn)換，所以答案選B。

A選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)德華先生非常愛(ài)他的女兒”，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第一段第一句Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety（和大多數(shù)父母一樣，地質(zhì)學(xué)家布萊恩?阿特沃特?fù)?dān)心女兒的安全。）但是題干的要求是第二段可以推斷出什么，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

C選項(xiàng)“地震將會(huì)襲擊西北城市”，可以定位到第二段第二句（見(jiàn)上文）。第二步綜合理解，這里的thearea指的是thePacificNorthwest不是northwestcities，這里屬于張冠李戴。

D選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去幾年，愛(ài)德華一直在關(guān)注學(xué)校教室”，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段第二句Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes（但這些天，他有一個(gè)不同尋常的擔(dān)憂(yōu)：她在西雅圖上的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻，這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著），這里雖然愛(ài)德華確實(shí)擔(dān)心這種墻會(huì)倒，但是不是第二段的內(nèi)容，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:詞匯推斷題。第一步，句中前后信息銜接，根據(jù)題干定位到heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture（他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象，太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過(guò)巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，該地區(qū)可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊）and連接兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句，inthedistancepast和inthenearfuture，以及northwest和thearea，這里可能講的是發(fā)生在這塊西北區(qū)的同一件事，不過(guò)一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)了，而另一件快要發(fā)生了。第二步，上下文語(yǔ)義銜接，上文提到了有跡象表明太平洋西北地區(qū)以前發(fā)生過(guò)地震，在不久的將來(lái)這里又要發(fā)生了，所以shock是上文quake的同義替換，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)quake“發(fā)抖，震動(dòng)”；

B選項(xiàng)violenceforce“暴力”，文中沒(méi)有提及暴力，屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊”，文中沒(méi)有提及攻擊，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞，倒塌”，文中沒(méi)有提及碰撞，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第4題:詞匯推斷題。第一步，句中前后信息銜接，根據(jù)文章定位到四段整句話(huà)What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.（他們說(shuō)，令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是，波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒(méi)有為這種級(jí)別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備。這種地震可能會(huì)對(duì)該地區(qū)的人口中心造成足夠大的震動(dòng)，使舊金山地區(qū)最近遭受的破壞相比之下顯得比較輕微）；第二步，上下文語(yǔ)義銜接，mild前面連接的信息是SanFranciscoareadamage，后面連接的信息是incomparison。就可以看出，這里是在做比較，比較兩個(gè)災(zāi)難的嚴(yán)重性。上文還提到了what’sworrisome以及notpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude，這里說(shuō)明前面的地震要比后面的破壞更加嚴(yán)重，所以后面的破壞相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)就不是那么嚴(yán)重了，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)；

A選項(xiàng)“柔軟的”，不能用來(lái)修飾“破壞”，這里屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“不困難的”，不能用來(lái)修飾“破壞”，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“溫柔的，紳士的”，不能用來(lái)修飾“破壞”，這里屬于反向干擾。

第5題:推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話(huà)Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.（在會(huì)議上，薩默維爾和他的同事們對(duì)波特蘭和西雅圖在大地震中可能遭受的震動(dòng)程度進(jìn)行了估計(jì)）。第二步綜合理解，科學(xué)家薩默維爾預(yù)估的是震動(dòng)的等級(jí)而不是地震中受到的損失，這里屬于張冠李戴，所以C選項(xiàng)“薩默維爾和他的同事對(duì)西雅圖在下一次地震中遭受的損失作出了判斷”錯(cuò)誤，答案選C；

A選項(xiàng)“阿特沃特的女兒就讀的公立學(xué)校的教室在大地震中很容易被摧毀”，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段第二句話(huà)thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.（她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻，這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著），從這個(gè)句可以看出，A選項(xiàng)正確，所以不選；

B選項(xiàng)“雖然一些科學(xué)家仍然不相信太平洋西北部會(huì)發(fā)生大地震，但越來(lái)越多的科學(xué)家感覺(jué)會(huì)”，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到第三段最后一句話(huà)Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.（雖然有些人仍然不相信8級(jí)或更高的大地震確實(shí)會(huì)襲擊這個(gè)地區(qū)，但越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為這種地震是有很大的可能性的。），所以B選項(xiàng)不選；

D選項(xiàng)“研究人員擔(dān)心，西北城市還沒(méi)有為應(yīng)對(duì)如此巨大的地震做任何準(zhǔn)備”，第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)第四段第一句話(huà)What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude（他們說(shuō)，令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是，波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒(méi)有為這種級(jí)別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備）選項(xiàng)D正確，不選。

3.單選題

Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould（）delayscausedbybadweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrangefor

B.accountfor

C.allowfor

D.applyfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)arrangefor“安排、安頓”；B選項(xiàng)accountfor“說(shuō)明、解釋”；C選項(xiàng)allowfor“考慮到、估計(jì)”；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)、請(qǐng)求”，句意為：這趟旅行通常需要五個(gè)星期，但你應(yīng)該把惡劣天氣造成的延誤考慮在內(nèi)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”P(pán)rominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminismthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthetext?

2.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

3.Theauthorofthetextsuggeststhatpsychohistoriansviewhistoryprimarilyas（

）.

4.Theauthorofthetextputstheword“deepest”(LastLine,Paragraph3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughitlackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod.

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians.

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual’sbehaviorandattitudesismoreinformativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthannarrativeform.

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars.

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areportofevents,causes,andeffectsthatisgenerallyacceptedbyhistoriansbutwhichis,forthemostpart,unverifiable

B.anepisodicaccountthatlackscohesionbecauserecordsoftheroleofchildhood,work,andleisureinthelivesofhistoricalfiguresarerare

C.anunchartedseaofseeminglyunexplainableeventsthathavemeaningonlywhenexaminedasdiscreteunits

D.arecordofthewayinwhichaclosedsetofimmutablepsychologicallawsseemstohaveshapedevents

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistorians’claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistorians’method

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofpsychohistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians’claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.questiontheadequacyofthepsychohistorians’interpretationofevents

D.pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。整篇文章主要講了心理歷史學(xué)家研究歷史的方法特點(diǎn)和與傳統(tǒng)歷史研究的對(duì)比。因此選項(xiàng)A“心理歷史學(xué)家的歷史研究方法雖然缺乏傳統(tǒng)歷史方法的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和可驗(yàn)證性，但目前仍是一種流行的研究方法?！狈项}意。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不尊重過(guò)去的特殊性，而是將過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件同化成一個(gè)單一的決定性圖式，這個(gè)圖式被假定在任何時(shí)候和任何情況下都是真實(shí)的?！庇纱丝芍狢選項(xiàng)“過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的事件都放置在同樣的確定模式里”正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不尊重過(guò)去的特殊性，而是將過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的所有事件同化成一個(gè)單一的決定性圖式，這個(gè)圖式被假定在任何時(shí)候和任何情況下都是真實(shí)的。”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“一種封閉的、不可改變的心理法則似乎塑造了事件的記錄”正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe‘deepest’explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.心理歷史學(xué)家相信他們自己的理論是絕對(duì)正確的，也相信他們的理論是對(duì)任何事件的‘最深刻的’解釋?zhuān)渌慕忉尪疾环鲜聦?shí)?！庇纱丝芍髡邔?duì)心理歷史學(xué)家關(guān)于他們工作的說(shuō)法的準(zhǔn)確性持保留態(tài)度。因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段中“Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandinallcircumstances.它不考慮過(guò)去的特殊性，而將所有過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的事件并入一個(gè)單一的確定模式，而這種模式在所有的時(shí)間和情況下被假設(shè)是正確的?！睂?duì)應(yīng)知A項(xiàng)“在不提具體例子的情況下做總體的陳述”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.且它違反了歷史方法的基本原則，即歷史學(xué)家應(yīng)該留意將會(huì)否定他們論點(diǎn)的反面事例”知B項(xiàng)“描述了傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)家所使用的一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe‘deepest’explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.心理歷史學(xué)家確信自己理論的絕對(duì)正確，也確信他們的理論的解釋是對(duì)任何事件的最深入的解釋?zhuān)瑥亩泊_信其他解釋缺乏真理”知C項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑心理歷史學(xué)家對(duì)事件解釋的適當(dāng)性”在文中有暗示性提及；由此知在文中沒(méi)有提及的D項(xiàng)“指出心理歷史學(xué)家在應(yīng)用他們的方式上的不一致”正確。

5.單選題

Hewas______admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.denied

B.rejected

C.repelled

D.deprived

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deny“否認(rèn)，否定，拒絕”，B項(xiàng)reject“拒絕，排斥，抵制”，C項(xiàng)repel“擊退，抵制”，D項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失，剝奪”。根據(jù)空格后的關(guān)鍵詞admittancetothetheatre“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入影院”和notbeingproperlydressed“衣著不當(dāng)”猜測(cè)，空格部分表示“拒絕”，bedeniedsth.表示“被拒絕……”。句意：他因衣著不當(dāng)而被拒之門(mén)外。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembers（

）amatchwithoutastandardcourt

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectedtohaving

B.wereobjectedtohave

C.objectedtohave

D.wereobjectedtohaving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這場(chǎng)比賽被取消了，因?yàn)榇蟛糠殖蓡T反對(duì)在沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)場(chǎng)地的情況下比賽。

考查固定搭配。objecttodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事。

7.單選題

ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo（）themarriage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.terminate

B.initiate

C.consummate

D.separate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。terminate“終止，結(jié)束”；initiate“開(kāi)始”；consummate“完成”；separate“分開(kāi)”。句意：當(dāng)聽(tīng)到他們的家人要帶他們?nèi)チ_馬完婚，這對(duì)新郎新娘感到非常幸福。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Forallyouspacebuffswholiketokeeptrackofwherethewateris,itlookslikeyoucanaddourveryownmoontoyourlist.BecauseaccordingtoatrioofpapersappearinginthejournalScience,thelunarsurfaceiswetterthanwerealized.

Fortyyearsago,Apolloastronautsbroughtabunchofmoonrocksbackhome.Forthemostpartthosesamplesshowednotracesofwaterwhatsoever.ThosethatseemedeventheslightestbitmoistwerethoughttohavebeencontaminatedbywaterfromEarth—becausethecontainerstheywerestoredinturnedouttobeleaky.

Butnowscientistssaythey’vespottedwaterrightonthemoon’ssurface.Usinginstrumentsonthreedifferentspacecraft,thescientistsdetectedthechemicalsignatureofgoodoldH2O.Andtheythinkthewaterspringsfromthemoonitself.Thelunarsoilisnearly50percentoxygen,andthescientiststhinkthathydrogencomesfromthesolarwindthatpoundsthemoon’ssurface.

Putthetwotogetherandyougetwet.Nottoowet,ofcourse.There’sprobablyonlyaboutaquartofwaterineverytonoflunarsoil.That’sdryerthantheSahara,butwetterthanwethought.

【答案】對(duì)于你們這些喜歡追蹤水在哪里的太空迷來(lái)說(shuō)，看起來(lái)你們可以把我們自己的月球加入你們的名單。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的三篇論文，月球表面比我們想象的要潮濕。

40年前，阿波羅宇航員帶回了一堆月球巖石。在大多數(shù)情況下，這些樣本沒(méi)有任何水的痕跡。那些看起來(lái)哪怕是最輕微的潮濕都被認(rèn)為是受到了來(lái)自地球的水的污染——因?yàn)樗鼈儍?chǔ)存的容器原來(lái)是漏水的。

但現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家稱(chēng)他們已經(jīng)在月球表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了水?？茖W(xué)家們?cè)谌也煌挠钪骘w船上使用儀器，探測(cè)到了古老的H2o的化學(xué)特征。他們認(rèn)為水來(lái)自月球本身。月球的土壤中有近50%是氧氣，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為氫氣來(lái)自撞擊月球表面的太陽(yáng)風(fēng)。

把這兩者放在一起，你就濕了。當(dāng)然不會(huì)太濕。每噸月球土壤中大概只有一夸脫水。那里比撒哈拉沙漠干燥，但比我們想象的要潮濕。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingourfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（）.

3.Incountriesotherthantheirown,mostAmericans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americans’culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:詞義辨析題。我們首先需要知道四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思，然后代入原文分析哪一項(xiàng)是和文意相符的，A項(xiàng)“靜止”，B項(xiàng)“閃開(kāi)；躲開(kāi)”，C項(xiàng)“向前走”，D項(xiàng)“后退；保持距離”，那么我們看到原文的第二段說(shuō)到，拉美人和中東人喜歡在講話(huà)時(shí)和對(duì)方更加靠近，而這一點(diǎn)會(huì)令美國(guó)人很不舒服；那么我們可以推出美國(guó)人在面對(duì)他們的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)后退拉開(kāi)距離，保持在美國(guó)人覺(jué)得舒適的距離里進(jìn)行交談，答案為D。

第2題:作者意圖題。問(wèn)：作者給出這么多例子是為了批評(píng)美國(guó)的______。第一段指出，美國(guó)人的文化使多數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為自己不但語(yǔ)言全球通用，使用的手勢(shì)也能被別人明白，但他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這是不正確的。這實(shí)際上是一種自我中心的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。再回到原文發(fā)現(xiàn)第二段和第三段都是在說(shuō)美國(guó)的不好的，舉了很多例子，第三段第一句話(huà)確實(shí)有提到他們的隨性，但是這并不是作者本質(zhì)想要表達(dá)，作者第一段就指出，美國(guó)人對(duì)于自己的文化過(guò)于自信，以至于才會(huì)導(dǎo)致后面的這些后果，因此這一題的答案應(yīng)該是A，批評(píng)了美國(guó)人以自我文化為中心。

第3題:推斷題。題目詢(xún)問(wèn)在美國(guó)以外的國(guó)家里，大多數(shù)美國(guó)人_____。根據(jù)文章第5段“Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher—whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.（每次出國(guó)，我們一般都食宿在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的那些賓館和飯店中，人們對(duì)我們的態(tài)度和我們所獲得的信息都是由說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的本地人——通常是富人決定的。我們的生意往來(lái)，國(guó)家的外交活動(dòng)也是通過(guò)翻譯才能進(jìn)行）”，因此，A項(xiàng)的信息在文中并沒(méi)有提及；B項(xiàng)與文中所陳述的意思相符；C項(xiàng)與文章所提及的觀(guān)點(diǎn)相背；D項(xiàng)與文中所給的意思不符。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第一和倒數(shù)第二段，文章說(shuō)：多年來(lái)，美國(guó)和美國(guó)人在文化上的盲目性和語(yǔ)言的無(wú)知上還能湊合，但是現(xiàn)在不一樣了，美國(guó)已經(jīng)沒(méi)有以前那樣的統(tǒng)治力，現(xiàn)在如果美國(guó)還想在世界事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更重要的作用；希望在下個(gè)世紀(jì)的重要決定中占有一席之地的話(huà)，他們就必須開(kāi)始尊重別的語(yǔ)言，別的文化了，因此答案為C。

第5題:全文主旨推斷題。題目詢(xún)問(wèn)作者寫(xiě)作這篇文章是要使美國(guó)人意識(shí)到什么。作者在文章的開(kāi)篇就批評(píng)了大多數(shù)美國(guó)人心目中的一種錯(cuò)誤的文化觀(guān)，即美國(guó)的語(yǔ)言世界通用。接著又指出這種文化觀(guān)所引起的語(yǔ)言和文化上的盲目性和隨意性使美國(guó)人在世界上失去了朋友、生意和人們的尊重。美國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中的領(lǐng)先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖是要美國(guó)人克服這種文化上的盲目性，了解世界的文化。因此，D項(xiàng)與作者的意圖相符。

10.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theirobsessionwithconsumption.

B.Theirfailuretoaccumulatewealth.

C.Theever-increasingcostsofhousing.

D.Thedeteriorationoftheenvironment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsthatareraretofind.

B.Thingsthatcostlessmoney.

C.Thingsthatboostefficiency.

D.Thingsthatwecherishmost.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyservemultiplepurposes.

B.Theybenefittheenvironment.

C.Theyaremostlydurable.

D.Theyareeasilydisposable.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingOne

DidyouknowthatAmericanshaveapproximatelythreetimestheamountofspacewehavefiftyyearsago?Therefore,you’dthinkwe’dhavesufficientroomforallofourpossessions.Onthecontrary,thepersonalstoragebusinessisnowagrowingindustry.We’vegottriplethespace,but[16]we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumersthatwerequireevenmore.Thisphenomenonhasresultedinsignificantcreditcarddebt,enormousenvironmentalfootprints,andperhapsnotcoincidentally,ourhappinesslevelshavefailedtoincreaseoverthesamehalfcentury.

I’mheretosuggestanalternative—thathavinglessmightactuallybeapreferabledecision.Manyofushaveexperienced,atsomestage,thepleasureofpossessingless.Iproposethatlessstuffandlessspacecannotonlyhelpyoueconomize,butalsosimplifyyourlife.IrecentlystartedaninnovativeprojecttodiscoversomecreativesolutionsthatofferedmeeverythingIrequired.Bypurchasinganapartmentthatwas40squaremetersinsteadof60,Iimmediatelysaved$200,000.Smallerspaceleadstoreducedutilitybillsandalsoasmallercarbonfootprintbecauseit’sdesignedaroundaneditedcollectionofpossessions,limitedtomyfavoritestuff.I’mreallyexcitedtolivethere.

Howcanwelivemorebasically?Firstly,wemustruthlesslycuttheunnecessaryobjectsoutofourlives.Tostemconsumption,weshouldthinkbeforewebuy,andaskourselves,“willittrulymakemehappier?”O(jiān)bviously,weshouldpossesssomegreatstuff,[17]butwewantbelongingsthatwe’regoingtoloveforyears.Secondly,werequirespaceefficiency.Wewantappliancesthataredesignedforusemostofthetime,notforoccasionaluse.Whyownasix-burnerstovewhenyourarelyuseeventhreeburners?Finally,[18]weneedmultifunctionalspacesandhousewares.Icombinedamovablewallwithtransformingfurnituretogetmoreoutofmylimitedspace.Considermycoffeetable.Itincreasesinsizetoaccommodateten.Myofficeistuggedaway,easilyhidden.Mybedsimplypopsoutthewall.Forgas,IcanrelocatethemovablewallandutilizethefoldableguestbedsIinstalled.

I’mnotsaying,weshouldallliveintinierapartments,butconsiderthebenefitsofaneditedlife.Whenyoureturnhomeandwalkthroughyourfrontdoor,takeamomenttoaskyourselves,“couldIdowithalittlelifeediting?Willthatgivememorefreedomandmoretime?”

16.WhathaspreventedAmericanshappinesslevelsfromincreasing?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)是什么阻礙了美國(guó)人幸福水平的提高？錄音提到，這一現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致了大量的信用卡債務(wù)……而且也許并非巧合的是，我們的幸福水平在過(guò)去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里并沒(méi)有提高。這一現(xiàn)象即上一句提到的：我們已經(jīng)成為如此熱情的消費(fèi)者。A選項(xiàng)“他們（美國(guó)人）對(duì)消費(fèi)的癡迷”是對(duì)原文we’vebecomesuchenthusiasticconsumers的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有積累財(cái)富”和C項(xiàng)“日益增長(zhǎng)的住房成本”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境的惡化”，利用environment設(shè)置干擾，錄音原文所說(shuō)的是大量環(huán)境足跡而不是環(huán)境惡化，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

17.Whatthingsshouldwepossessaccordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)者的說(shuō)法，我們應(yīng)該擁有哪些東西？錄音中說(shuō)話(huà)者提到：顯然，我們應(yīng)該擁有一些很棒的東西，但我們想要的是能讓我們喜歡多年的東西。因此D選項(xiàng)“我們最珍惜的東西”正確。A選項(xiàng)“很難找到的東西”和B選項(xiàng)“花費(fèi)較少的東西”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“能提高效率的東西”，利用錄音中的efficiency設(shè)置干擾，錄音中只是提到我們需要空間效率，選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，因此排除。

18.Whatdowelearnabouttheitemsinthespeaker’shome?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)我們從說(shuō)話(huà)者家里的物品中了解到什么？錄音中提到說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為我們需要更多的空間以及多功能的家庭用品，接著講述了自己家里的物品，他把活動(dòng)墻和改造家具結(jié)合起來(lái)，讓有限的空間得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多種用途，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)環(huán)境有益”；C選項(xiàng)“它們大多是耐用的”；D選項(xiàng)“它們很容易被丟棄”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此排除。

11.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.（1）itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

（2）takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

（3）

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

（4）ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

（5）manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth（6）proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

（7）meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.The