考研考博-英語-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通大學(xué)杏林學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesergeantlookedsharplyintotheeyesoftheconscriptsstandingbeforehimandsnapped,‘‘（

）thesamemistakeagain!”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.don'tyoumake

B.Donotyoumake

C.Younotmake

D.Makeyounot

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。在否定的祈使句中可以帶出主語，這種情況下否定結(jié)構(gòu)只能用don't,不用donot。句意：中士眼神犀利地看著站在他面前的士兵說道：“不要再犯同樣的錯誤！”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Underthis（

）pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。intensive加強(qiáng)的，集中的；weighty重大的，重的；bulky龐大的，笨重的；intense極度的，強(qiáng)烈的，劇烈的。句意：在這種高強(qiáng)度的壓力下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知巖石受到了極大的壓力，故答案C

3.填空題

13.Wearehavingsome（1）withthemachinethatweimported（2）Japanlastyear.Ithas（3）downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave（4）toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto（5）it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave（6）completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea（7）,wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.

句意:

我們?nèi)ツ陱娜毡具M(jìn)口的這臺機(jī)器正有些故障。它已經(jīng)發(fā)生過兩次故障了。每次故障發(fā)生時，我們都不得不讓日方派技術(shù)員來北京修理它。好消息是我們自己的技術(shù)員己經(jīng)結(jié)束了他們在東京的培訓(xùn)。下次該機(jī)器再有故障時，我們就不需要邀請日本專家了。

【答案】1.trouble

2.from

3.broken

4.had

5.repair

6.already

7.breakdown

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。

2.固定搭配。importedfrom從…進(jìn)口。

3.固定搭配。breakdown損壞，分解，發(fā)生故障，分詞為brokendown。

4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加動詞過去分詞表完成時態(tài)，故這里應(yīng)填had。

5.語義題。修理用repair。

6.語義題。Havealready已經(jīng)。

7.語義題。haveabreakdown損壞,出故障。

4.單選題

Ifthey’relookingfora（

）ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stripe

B.sustainment

C.series

D.snippet

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stripe“條紋”；sustainment“支持物”；series“系列，連續(xù)”；snippet“片斷”。句意：如果他們正在一個網(wǎng)頁上尋找信息片段或者專心地看內(nèi)容，那么他們將不會被旁邊的廣告分心。由informationonapage可知空格處指信息片段，故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Manyartistslateinthelastcenturywereinsearchofameanstoexpresstheirindividuality.Moderndancewasoneofthewayssomeofthesepeoplesoughttofreetheircreativespirit.Atthebeginningtherewasnoexactingtechnique,nofoundationfromwhichtobuild.Inlateryears,trial,error,andgeniusfoundedthetechniquesandtheprinciplesofthemovement.Eventually,innovatorsevendrewfromwhattheyconsideredthedreadballet,butfirsttheyhadtodiscardallthatwasacademicsothatthenewcouldbediscovered.ThebeginningsofmoderndancewerehappeningbeforeIsadoraDuncan,butshewasthefirstpersontobringthenewdancetogeneralaudienceandseeitacceptedandacclaimed.

Hersearchforanaturalmovementformsenthertonature.Shebelievedmovementshouldbeasnaturalastheswayingofthetreesandtherollingwavesofthesea,andshouldbeinharmonywiththemovementsoftheEarth.Hergreatcontributionsareinthreeareas.

First,shebegantheexpansionofthekindsofmovementsthatcouldbeusedindance,beforeDuncandanced,balletwastheonlytypeofdanceperformedinconcert.Intheballetthefeetandlegswereemphasized,withvirtuosity(精湛的技巧)shownbycomplicated,designedpositionsandmovements.Duncanperformeddancebyusingallherbodyinthefreestpossibleway.Herdancestemmedfromhersoulandspirit.Shewasoneofthepioneerswhobroketraditionsoothersmightbeabletodeveloptheart.

Hersecondcontributionwasindancecostume.Shediscardedcorset(緊身內(nèi)衣),balletshoes,andstintcostumes.ThesewerereplacedwithflowingGreciantunics,barefeetandunboundhair.Shebelievedinthenaturalbodybeingallowedtomovefreely,andherdressdisplayedthisideal.

Herthirdcontributionwasintheuseofmusic.Inherperformancessheusedthesymphoniesofgreatmasters,includingBeethovenandWagner,whichwasnottheusualcustom.

Shewasasexcitingandeccentricinherpersonallifeasinherdance.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidnaturerepresenttoIsadoraDuncan?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasanareaofdancethatDuncanworkedtochange?

4.Comparedtothoseoftheballet,Duncan’scostumeswereless（）.

5.Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassageprobablydiscuss?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheEvolutionofDanceintheTwentiethCentury.

B.ArtistsoftheLastCentury.

C.NaturalMovementinDance.

D.APioneerinModernDance.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Amodelformovement.

B.Somethingtoconquer.

C.Aplacetofindpeace.

D.Asymbolofdisorder.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Themusic

B.Thestagesets

C.Costumes

D.Movements

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.costly

B.colorful

C.graceful

D.restrictive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Duncan’sfurthercontributiontomoderndance.

B.Themusiccustomarilyusedinballet.

C.OtheraspectsofDuncan'slife.

D.Audienceacceptanceofthenewformofdance.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文是一篇傳記，主要講述的是現(xiàn)代舞的先驅(qū)——IsadoraDuncan對舞蹈的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.判斷推理題。題干問的是“對IsadoraDuncan來說，大自然代表了什么？”根據(jù)第二段的一、二句“她對自然運(yùn)動形式的探索使她進(jìn)入了自然。她認(rèn)為運(yùn)動應(yīng)該像樹木的搖擺和大海的波濤一樣自然，應(yīng)該與大地的運(yùn)動協(xié)調(diào)一致。”也就是說，IsadoraDuncan把大自然當(dāng)做舞蹈運(yùn)動的模型，將舞蹈和自然相結(jié)合。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第三段主要講述的是Duncan對舞蹈動作的改變；第四段主要講述的是對舞蹈服裝的改變；第五段主要講述的是對音樂運(yùn)用的改變。所以只有選項(xiàng)B“舞臺”的改變在原文中沒有提及。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文第四段的內(nèi)容“她摒棄了紫色內(nèi)衣，芭蕾舞鞋和具有限制性的服裝，取而代之的是飄逸的希臘寬松外衣、光著腳和披散著的頭發(fā)?！庇纱丝芍珼uncan的服裝是輕松自由的，相對于芭蕾服裝來說，沒有那么多的限制性，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“她的個人生活就像她的舞蹈一樣令人興奮和古怪?！庇纱丝赏茢啵酉聛砜赡芤v到的內(nèi)容是Duncan生活的其他方面。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

6.單選題

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics（）inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:從基督教和西方的野蠻王國中出現(xiàn)了中世紀(jì)政治的形態(tài)，而從該形態(tài)中又依次演變出了我們現(xiàn)代世界的政治形態(tài)。

語法題。考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。空格后是一個定語從句。前面的主句中，F(xiàn)romChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地點(diǎn)狀語，因此在定語從句中，fromwhich作狀語與前面的from形成對應(yīng)，evolved作謂語，thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主語。

7.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare（）（均衡的飲食對健康是必不可少的）。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which（）（把美觀和功能完美地結(jié)合起來）。

3.我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問題和解決問題的能力。

4.認(rèn)識落后，才能改變落后。學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。

5.一個不怕困難、百折不撓、堅持到底的科學(xué)工作者一定會在科研工作中取得光輝的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

8.單選題

Maximumbenefitstypicallyrangefrom$50,000to$250,000,thoughsome（）havenolimit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.policies

B.bills

C.charges

D.prices

【答案】C

【解析】句意：最大的福利通常在5萬至25萬美元之間，不過有些費(fèi)用沒有上限。bills一般指賬單；charge做動詞意為指控，要價；做名詞意為費(fèi)用，手續(xù)費(fèi)等。所以選項(xiàng)C更合適。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Theword“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthentically（真實(shí)地）bybeingcredible,trustworthy,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawed（敬畏）bythem.

【答案】“勝利者”與“失敗者”有很多含義。當(dāng)我們談到某個人是勝利者的時候，我們不是說他通過打倒某人取勝了。在我們看來，勝利者就是一個值得信賴，敢于承擔(dān)責(zé)任并且誠懇的人——作為個體或作為社會一員都是如此。

成功者敢于獨(dú)立思考，敢于運(yùn)用自身的學(xué)識。他們能夠分清事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)，明辨是非，不會裝作無所不知。他們傾聽他人的見解，品評他人的言論，但形成自己的結(jié)論。雖然成功者也會欽佩他人，敬重他人，但他們絕不會受制于他人，為他人所束縛，不會畏懼他人，或?yàn)樗怂鶕艨濉?/p>

10.單選題

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)permissive“寬容的”；B選項(xiàng)permutable“可排列的；能交換的”；C選項(xiàng)pernicious“有害的；惡性的；致命的；險惡的”；D選項(xiàng)permissible“可允許的；獲得準(zhǔn)許的”。句意：在許多國家，吸煙在公共場所是不……。結(jié)合句意，A，B，C選項(xiàng)可以排除，D選項(xiàng)permissible（可允許的；獲得準(zhǔn)許的）最符合語意，吸煙在公眾場合是不被允許的，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

11.單選題

Wedon’tthinkthathis（

）abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.potential

C.initial

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。possible“可能的”；potential“有潛力的”；initial“最初的”；invisible“看不見的”。句意：我們認(rèn)為他的潛力沒有被好好挖掘。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while（

）certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuttingout

B.offsetting

C.reserving

D.goingover

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cutout“切斷；刪去；停止”；B選項(xiàng)offset“抵消；彌補(bǔ)”；C選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)訂；儲備；保留”；D選項(xiàng)goover“復(fù)習(xí)，重溫；轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：綜上所述，這些法律尋求獲得器官移植的醫(yī)療利益，鼓勵個人成為器官捐贈者，同時……一定的倫理限制，以免將人體視為財產(chǎn)，將死者僅僅視為自然資源。由后半句句意判斷可知此處應(yīng)選擇C選項(xiàng)“保留”。

13.單選題

Youareexpectedtoaskthe______candidatesatechnicalquestiontojudgetheirability.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.productive

C.perpetual

D.promising

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)prospective“未來的，預(yù)期的”，B項(xiàng)productive“生產(chǎn)的”，C項(xiàng)perpetual“永久的，不斷的”，D項(xiàng)promising“有希望的，有前途的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ask（問）和candidates（候選者）可推測，空格部分表示“未來的”，A項(xiàng)最符合。句意：你應(yīng)該問未來的候選人一個技術(shù)問題來判斷他們的能力。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段提到了為證實(shí)友誼對健康的益處所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(總的來說，友誼在我們生活中的作用并沒有得到重視)。故選C:長期以來被科學(xué)家忽視,盡管在過去一些年中有做一些相關(guān)研究。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(幾乎在每一章中，友誼對他們健康和福祉的作用都是顯而易見的)。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(雖然許多對友誼的研究關(guān)注的是女性之間的親密關(guān)系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以從中受益),故選D。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo認(rèn)為在許多研究中，友誼對健康的影響比配偶或家庭成員更大)。故選B:對于健康而言,朋友可能比有親戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判斷題。第六段講的是友誼對于健康的益處。

15.單選題

Theseactorsfailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowtheyhaveto（）theconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.answerfor

B.runinto

C.abideby

D.stepinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)answerfor“因……受罰，對……負(fù)責(zé)”；B選項(xiàng)runinto“遭遇，撞上”；C選項(xiàng)abideby“遵守，承擔(dān)……的后果”；D選項(xiàng)stepinto“進(jìn)入”。句意：這些演員沒有履行合同中的某些條款，現(xiàn)在他們必須對此結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

16.單選題

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia（）decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題目問的是：英國人將什么進(jìn)行了明確的區(qū)分？根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.（對英國人來說，食物的種類和供應(yīng)的食物與一起吃飯的人們之間的社會聯(lián)系有關(guān)。）再根據(jù)后面的舉例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.（食物的種類象征著客人的類別以及和誰一起吃。）由此可知，英國人對于供應(yīng)食物的種類做了明確的區(qū)分，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：哪些人不會在一起吃飯？原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.（在一些新幾內(nèi)亞社會，小家庭通常是不會一起吃飯的。）后面進(jìn)行了舉例，男性通常和他們的妻子孩子分開吃飯。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.（這種模式在近東社會中也很普遍。）由此可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是：下面哪一個不是一起吃飯所表明的信息？根據(jù)原文的內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到了社會關(guān)系，第二段提到了家庭關(guān)系，第三段提到了婚姻關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B、C、D均正確，只有選項(xiàng)A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情，所以本題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是：最后一段表明，印度的什么決定了人們怎么吃？根據(jù)最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.（食物禁忌和等級之間也有聯(lián)系，這在印度的種姓制度中表現(xiàn)得最為極端。）由此可知，印度的社會地位決定了人們怎么吃。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.主旨大意題。原文第一段的第一、二句為本文的主題句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.（文化規(guī)則決定了食物消費(fèi)的方方面面。誰在一起吃飯定義了社會群體。）由此可知，本文主要是講食物和社會群體的關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.單選題

Janet_____hersisterforeavesdroppingonherphonecalls.“Stayoutofmylovelife,”shechided.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.upbraided

B.begrudged

C.underlined

D.grilled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“責(zé)罵”，B項(xiàng)“嫉妒”，C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)”，D項(xiàng)“盤問；審問”。結(jié)合句意：Janet姐姐偷聽她的電話?！皠e插手我的愛情生活，”她斥責(zé)道。所以選A項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.though