考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南通理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南通理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Therearestillmanycountrieswherethedeathpenaltyisthe（

）againstmurder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanction

B.prevention

C.fright

D.threat

【答案】A

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。sanction“制裁，處罰”；prevention“預(yù)防，阻止”；fright“驚嚇”；threat“威脅”。句意：仍然有許多國(guó)家將死刑作犯謀殺罪的處罰。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。attract“吸引”；retract“撤銷，撤回”；distract“分散”；protract“延長(zhǎng)，伸出”。句意：以為鄰居的突然到來(lái)分散了他的對(duì)于痛苦主題的關(guān)注。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Perhapsyoudidn’tquiteunderstandthemovieandthenleftbeforefinishingit.（）thecase,Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifthisbe

B.Thisshouldbe

C.Shouldthisbe

D.Isthis

【答案】A

【解析】考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句。由Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.句意：我想這個(gè)宣傳冊(cè)可能有所幫助。由關(guān)鍵詞may可知空格后的thecase這種情況并不是虛擬的，而是一個(gè)真實(shí)條件句，故不用倒裝，而條件句一般是用if引導(dǎo)。因此答案選A，相當(dāng)于省略了should，即Ifthis(should)be。整個(gè)句意為：也許你并不十分理解這部電影，沒(méi)結(jié)束就提前離開(kāi)了。如果真的如此，我想這個(gè)宣傳冊(cè)可能有所幫助。

4.單選題

Youcan'tkeepthemilkoutsideforanight,itwillturn（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sour

B.stained

C.rotten

D.acid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:sour“有酸味的”；B:stained“玷污的”；C:rotten“腐爛的；惡臭的”；D:acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面過(guò)夜，它會(huì)變質(zhì)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，表示牛奶變酸，故選A。

5.填空題

Thankyoufor（1）myquestions.IhopeIhaven’ttakenuptoomuchofyour（2）

【答案】1.answering

2.time

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:謝謝你回答我的問(wèn)題。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:希望沒(méi)有占用你太多時(shí)間。

6.單選題

Ifaman（）himselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyacat,wecouldconsiderhimmad.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.robbed

C.rejected

D.denied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deprive表示“使喪失，剝奪”，deprivesb.ofsth表示“從某人處剝奪某物”；B選項(xiàng)rob表示“搶劫，掠奪；非法剝奪”，robsbofsth表示“搶劫某人的某物；C選項(xiàng)reject表示“拒絕；排斥；抵制；丟棄”；D選項(xiàng)deny表示“否定，否認(rèn)；拒絕給予”，denysb.sth表示“拒絕給予某人某物”。根據(jù)句意可知，如果一位男士為了買一只貓使得自己和家人沒(méi)有食物可吃，那么我們會(huì)認(rèn)為他發(fā)瘋了。故A項(xiàng)deprive（使喪失，剝奪）最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Electricalresistanceisacommonpropertyofallmaterials,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.differsonlyindegree

B.onlyindegreeitdiffers

C.itonlydiffersindegree

D.differingonlyindegree

【答案】D

【解析】考查分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個(gè)獨(dú)自的句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)且沒(méi)有連詞，說(shuō)明后半句應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)成分，即動(dòng)詞的分詞形式或不定式，這里只有選項(xiàng)D是非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

8.單選題

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen（

）.

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了議會(huì)和總統(tǒng)選舉的投票權(quán)，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他們應(yīng)該受到同樣的尊重，享有同樣的社會(huì)權(quán)利，和他們的男性同事一樣的待遇)。故選C:美國(guó)女權(quán)主義者認(rèn)為她們沒(méi)有足夠的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)平等和政治平等。

3.判斷推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美國(guó)女孩不贊成女權(quán)主義者嘲笑婚姻

和戀愛(ài)。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故選D。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要介紹了美國(guó)婦女維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利和公平。

9.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認(rèn)，證實(shí);declare宣布，聲明;選項(xiàng)A和B都是后接名詞短語(yǔ)或that從句;confess承認(rèn)，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認(rèn)做過(guò)某事;claim聲稱，斷言，后可接名詞短語(yǔ)、that從句,也可接不定式短語(yǔ),不定式中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級(jí)，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：很多游客都被這個(gè)城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

（

）shewaslivinginParisthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.Itwaswhile

C.Soonafter

D.Duringthetimewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Much（

）IlikedJane,Ihatedthesuperiortonethatshesometimestookwithme.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.as

C.since

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】

考查連詞辨析。while雖然；as同樣；muchas表示雖然，即使；since既然；for為了。句意：盡管我喜歡Jane,但我討厭她有時(shí)跟我說(shuō)話高傲的語(yǔ)氣。由like和hated可知，這是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案B

13.單選題

9.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toasklocalpeopleforhelp.

B.TodoasRomansdoonlywheninRome.

C.Trytoactlikethepeoplefromthatculture.

D.Staywithyourcountryfellow.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Mostpeoplefeelcultureshockwhentravelingtoaforeignculture.

M:That’sforsure.ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatarepeoplesupposedtodowhentravelingtoaforeignculture?

【解析】固定詞組。男士說(shuō)：ButtheyshoulddoasRomansdo。doasRomansdo的含義是“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”。

14.單選題

Anynationthatinterferesintheinternalaffairsofanothernationshouldbe_______condemned.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.verbally

B.universally

C.wickedly

D.visually

【答案】B

【解析】verbally口頭地；universally普遍地；wickedly惡劣地，居心叵測(cè)地；visually視覺(jué)地。句意：任何干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政的國(guó)家都應(yīng)受到普遍譴責(zé)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.

DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions.

"The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.

Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.

InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”

Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.

Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisexpandable.

B.Itlookslikeatoy.

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.

D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX’seighthmissiontoISS?1.SpaceX公司第八次前往國(guó)際空間站的任務(wù)中，新的生活艙有什么特別之處？

A.Itisexpandable.A.它是可擴(kuò)展的。

B.Itlookslikeatoy.B.它看起來(lái)像一個(gè)玩具。

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.C.它要去外太空。

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.D.它不會(huì)返回地球。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句“一個(gè)壓縮的生活艙將被運(yùn)送并連接到空間站上，在太空中，它將擴(kuò)展為宇航員的新棲息地（itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts）”，從中可知，新的生活艙的特點(diǎn)是它可以擴(kuò)展，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選線“它看起來(lái)像一個(gè)玩具”和D選項(xiàng)“它不會(huì)返回地球”在文中沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它要去外太空”并不是其特別之處，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?2.設(shè)計(jì)充氣太空艙的目的是什么？

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.A.要找出它潛在的容量。

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.B.這是對(duì)一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的嘗試。

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.C.這是為了在生產(chǎn)中節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢。

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.D.這是為了看看它是否能應(yīng)用于深空。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞inflatablespacehabitat定位至第二段“由畢格羅航空航天公司設(shè)計(jì)的充氣太空棲息地是美國(guó)宇航局正在探索的潛在深空棲息地和其他高級(jí)太空任務(wù)的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域（exploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions）”，可知，設(shè)計(jì)充氣太空艙的目的是探索深空。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“要找出它潛在的容量”、B選項(xiàng)“這是對(duì)一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的嘗試”和C選項(xiàng)“這是為了在生產(chǎn)中節(jié)省時(shí)間和金錢”沒(méi)有提及，無(wú)中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?3.第5段劃線的句子是什么意思？

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.A.這個(gè)棲息地不會(huì)是一個(gè)像氣球一樣的房間。

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.B.這個(gè)棲息地不會(huì)感覺(jué)像一個(gè)氣球。

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.C.這個(gè)棲息地就像一個(gè)毫無(wú)知覺(jué)的氣球。

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.D.棲息地將是一個(gè)不同的氣球。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段最后一句“不會(huì)有像氣球一樣的感覺(jué)”，結(jié)合第四段第二句“BEAM是遠(yuǎn)不止像氣球一樣的房間，宇航員可以在那里尋求庇護(hù)”和第三句“該公司表示，從技術(shù)上講，這些模塊不會(huì)膨脹，而是會(huì)擴(kuò)展”，綜合理解可知，“不會(huì)有像氣球一樣的感覺(jué)”這句話的意思是表示，這個(gè)棲息地雖然像氣球一樣會(huì)膨脹，但是宇航員在那里感覺(jué)不到它像氣球一樣。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)棲息地不會(huì)是一個(gè)像氣球一樣的房間”與原文中的farmorethanballoon-likerooms（遠(yuǎn)不止像氣球一樣的房間）意思相反，反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)棲息地就像一個(gè)毫無(wú)知覺(jué)的氣球”和D選項(xiàng)“棲息地將是一個(gè)不同的氣球”理解錯(cuò)誤，棲息地只是像一個(gè)氣球，但本質(zhì)并不是氣球，該兩項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?4.為什么NASA打算將太空的各個(gè)方面商業(yè)化？

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.A.它可以節(jié)省NASA的時(shí)間和精力。

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.B.這對(duì)一個(gè)蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的。

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.C.這對(duì)進(jìn)一步的太空探索至關(guān)重要。

D.ItmeetsbothNASA’sandBigelow’sneeds.D.它滿足了NASA和畢格羅的需求。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第二句“NASA與畢格羅的合作符合博爾登的愿望，即幫助發(fā)展一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的私營(yíng)行業(yè)，將太空的各個(gè)方面商業(yè)化，他認(rèn)為，如果人類想要到達(dá)更遠(yuǎn)的宇宙目的地（ifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations），這一過(guò)程至關(guān)重要”，從中可知，商業(yè)化的原因是為了進(jìn)一步探索宇宙，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它可以節(jié)省NASA的時(shí)間和精力”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“這對(duì)一個(gè)蓬勃發(fā)展的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的”理解錯(cuò)誤，想要進(jìn)一步探索宇宙是必要的，但是沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)行業(yè)是蓬勃發(fā)展的，曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“它滿足了NASA和畢格羅的需求”中的needs不符合原文中的desire，曲解原文。

16.單選題

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,參加;assigning指派,分配;involving牽涉,使參與;consenting允許,贊成。句意：世界銀行1994年的一份報(bào)告得出結(jié)論：招收女童入學(xué)可能是當(dāng)今發(fā)展中世界最有效的反貧困政策。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.單選題

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimatessome65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenignglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared-isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

1.Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.

2.Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.

3.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

4.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B.toleavethecoastalareas

C.tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D.toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B.hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C.haslargelybeeneffectedbyclimaticchanges

D.hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges27.Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B.Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C.Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D.Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture28.Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B.mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C.manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D.humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)作為一種生存策略出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)槿祟惐黄取?。根?jù)第一段最后兩句Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming.（在把周圍的許多動(dòng)物逼到瀕臨滅絕的邊緣后，人們被迫放棄原有的生活方式，轉(zhuǎn)而采取一種全新的生存策略，這導(dǎo)致了大范圍的饑餓和疾病；這種適應(yīng)就是農(nóng)業(yè)。）可知，A項(xiàng)“放棄他以前的生活方式”正確；B項(xiàng)“離開(kāi)沿海地區(qū)”、C項(xiàng)“跟隨不斷變化的植被”和D項(xiàng)“放棄他原來(lái)的居住地”都屬于導(dǎo)致人類被迫放棄原有生活方式的原因。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)化……”。由第三段第一句Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.（最重要的是，科學(xué)家們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到氣候變化已經(jīng)對(duì)人類物種的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了重大影響）可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類進(jìn)化受到了氣候變化的重大影響，C項(xiàng)“很大程度上受到了氣候變化的影響”正確；由此也可知，A項(xiàng)“很少伴有氣候變化”錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)氣候變化影響不大”和D項(xiàng)“對(duì)氣候變化有重大影響”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“過(guò)去氣候變化的證據(jù)表明……”。根據(jù)文章最后一段Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.（事實(shí)上，過(guò)去的氣候變化模式表明，即使沒(méi)有人類活動(dòng)的影響，地球的氣候幾乎肯定會(huì)在未來(lái)經(jīng)歷劇烈的變化）可知，C項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在未來(lái)必然會(huì)發(fā)生顯著變化”正確；A項(xiàng)“人類活動(dòng)加速了地球環(huán)境的變化”、B項(xiàng)“盡管有人類的干擾，地球的環(huán)境仍將保持溫和”和D項(xiàng)“地球的氣候在未來(lái)不太可能發(fā)生重大變化”都與原文內(nèi)容不符合。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望在文章中傳達(dá)的信息是……”。通讀全文可知，文章在第一段就闡述了氣候的變化導(dǎo)致人類放棄原有的生活方式而進(jìn)行遷徙，尋求新的生存策略，接下來(lái)兩段就氣候的變化是如何改變?nèi)祟惿婧瓦M(jìn)化進(jìn)行的闡述，最后一段總結(jié)根據(jù)過(guò)去的氣候變化模式，即使沒(méi)有人類的活動(dòng)影響，地球的氣候依然會(huì)經(jīng)歷劇烈變化，所以文章傳達(dá)的信息是人類在面對(duì)氣候的變化時(shí)，是無(wú)能為力的，故B項(xiàng)“面對(duì)氣候的急劇變化，人類實(shí)際上是無(wú)能為力的”正確；A項(xiàng)“盡管受到氣候變化的影響，人類文明依然輝煌”和D項(xiàng)“盡管自然發(fā)生了變化，人類文明還是會(huì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展的”沒(méi)有提到；C項(xiàng)“人類必須限制自己的活動(dòng)，以減緩全球變暖的進(jìn)程”與文意相反。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Thehypothesisofnaturalselectionmaynotbeacompleteexplanation,butitledtoagreaterthingthanitself—anacceptanceofthetheoryoforganicevolution,whichtheyearshavebutconfined.Yetatfirstsomenaturalistsjoinedtheopposition.Tothemany,whowereunabletojudgethebiologicalevidence,theeffectofthetheoryofevolutionseemedincredibleaswellasdevastating,toruncountertocommonsenseandtooverwhelmallphilosophicandreligiouslandmarks.Eveneducatedman,choosingbetweentheBookofGenesisandtheOriginofSpecies,proclaimedwithDisraelithathewas“onthesideoftheAngels”.

【答案】自然選擇的假說(shuō)可能不是一個(gè)完整的解釋，但它引出了一個(gè)比它本身更偉大的東西——對(duì)有機(jī)進(jìn)化理論的接受，這一理論多年來(lái)一直受到限制。然而，起初有些博物學(xué)家加入了反對(duì)陣營(yíng)。對(duì)許多無(wú)法判斷生物學(xué)證據(jù)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，進(jìn)化論的影響似乎難以置信，而且是毀滅性的，它與常識(shí)背道而馳，壓倒了所有哲學(xué)和宗教的里程碑。即使是受過(guò)教育的人，在《創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》和《物種起源》中做出選擇時(shí)，也會(huì)和迪斯雷利一起宣稱自己“站在天使一邊”。

19.單選題

The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remark

B.relationship

C.removal

D.innovation

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remark評(píng)論；relationship關(guān)系；removal去掉；innovation發(fā)明。句意：噴氣式飛機(jī)旅行的發(fā)明似乎使世界變小了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

By（

）

computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coarse

B.rude

C.average

D.general

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯?shù)摹?；average“平均的，普通的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：通過(guò)粗略計(jì)算，他估計(jì)修理好這個(gè)房子需要花費(fèi)一千美元。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Nothinghaseverequaledthe____andspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.magnitude

C.volume

D.carelessness

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.concern憂慮；關(guān)心B.magnitude（規(guī)模、重要性等）大的程度

C.volume（某物的）數(shù)量D.carelessness粗心大意

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與名詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞與speed“速度”并列，并且the____andspeed后接了一個(gè)由withwhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其句意為“人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界”，由此可以推斷，B選項(xiàng)magnitude“（某事物）大或重要的程度”符合題意，themagnitudeandspeed指“人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界的程度和速度”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)concern“憂慮；關(guān)心”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)volume“（某物的）數(shù)量”，側(cè)重于指某事物的量，如業(yè)務(wù)量、工作量；

D選項(xiàng)carelessness“粗心大意”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】沒(méi)有什么能比得上人類改變物理和化學(xué)世界的程度和速度。

22.單選題

Inthedecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant’ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters一whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades?buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.

1.TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlybyusingashersourceofinformation（

）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase“theeasyconclusion”isbasedontheassumptionthat（

）.

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

5.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immigrationServicereportsin1930

B.theFirstWorldWarin1918

C.thefederalcensusin1910

D.southernnewspapersin1898

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons

B.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso

C.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds

D.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

B.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

C.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

D.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheEffectofMigrationontheRegionalEconomiesoftheUnitedStatesFollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

B.TheRea