考研考博-英語-吉安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hesatthereswiggingbeerandsmoking.

問題1選項

A.sucking

B.lapping

C.Gulping

D.sipping

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動詞辨析。A選項sucking“吸，吮吸”；B選項lapping“舔，折疊”；C選項“狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吸”；D選項sipping“啜飲”。句意：他坐在那里大口喝啤酒，抽煙。Swigging“大口喝，痛飲，暢飲”，D選項與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項正確。

2.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

3.單選題

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

問題1選項

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項deny“否定；拒絕承認(rèn)”；B選項overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（對不良現(xiàn)象等）視而不見”；C選項exaggerate“夸大，言過其實”；D選項ignore“無視，佯裝未見”。句意：人們傾向于_______自己的生活是如何獨(dú)特，所以他們與他人的共性看起來是他們一系列的小小奇跡。根據(jù)語境，人們總覺得自己的生活很獨(dú)特，所以看到和別人的共性時覺得簡直就是奇跡，這里指人們夸大自己的獨(dú)特性，所以exaggerate“夸大，言過其實”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveoflowbudgetblackfilmswhichhaveturnedasolidprofitduetoaverystrongresponseintheAfrican-Americancommunityandalargercrossoveraudiencethananticipated.Anyrationalbusinessmanagerwouldnowidentifythissectorasaprimecandidateforexpansion,butifthefilmshavedonesowellwithlimitedproductionandmarketingcosts,whyhavetheynotreceivedfullscalesupport?

Manyanalystsfeelthebusinessisengulfedinamiasmaofself-servingandself-fulfillingmythsbasedontheunspokenassumptionthatAfrican-Americanfilmscanneverbevehiclesofprestige,glamour,orcelebrity.Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.Asexecutiveswhonowcontrolthefilmindustrygrewupinthosedecadeswhentherewerefewblackimagesonthescreenandthosethatdidexistwereproducedbyfilm-makerswithlimitedknowledgeoftheblackcommunity,itislittlewonderthattheyavoidideologicalissues,andseektocontinuemakingfilmsthattheyarecomfortablewithbyavoidingthenegativeimageryoffilmstheywouldprefertoeschewentirely.

AlsotoblameforthisdeleteriousphenomenonarelegionsofdesperateandMachiavellianAfrican-Americanfilmproducers,directors,andwriterswhowouldtransformTheBirthofaNationintoablackmusicalaslongasitwouldprovidethemwithgainfulstudioemployment.Thesefilmmakersnotonlyperpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms,buttheyalsoseasonthemwithasprinklingofAfrican-Americanauthenticity.Thissituationwouldbeonerousenough,giventheeconomicexploitationofthecommunityinvolved;unfortunatelythesefilmsalsovalidatethepathologiestheydepict.TheconstantprojectionoftheblackcommunityasakindofurbanWildKingdom,theglamorizationoftragicsituations,andthecelebrationofinnercitydrugdealersandgangstershasaprogrammingeffectonblackyouth.ThepowerofmusicinfilmisaparticularlyseductiveandpropagandisticforcewhichintherecentcropofAfrican-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.

Whatflowsfromthiscombinationoffactorsisapolicyofmarketexploitationratherthanmarketdevelopment,evidencedbythefactthatanynumberoffilmsmayopento1,500screensinoneweek,onlytototallydisappearinlessthanamonth.Thisrestrictedbodyoffilmproductserodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.Furthermore,whenAfrican-Americanactorsbegintoemergeasstars,theirprojectsareusuallydesignedtobe“more”thanablackfilm,suchthatanysuccessthatfollowsisthereforeperceivednotasareflectionoftheviabilityofAfrican-Americanfilmmakingbutasthebroaderpursuitofcelebrity.

36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthepassage?

37.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingischaracteristicofAfrican-Americanfilmsbeingproducedatpresent,EXCEPT（）.

38.Accordingtothepassage,filmindustryexecutiveshavebeenreluctanttosupportAfrican-Americancinemaforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

39.ItmaybeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageconsidersTheBirthofaNationtobe（）.

40.Accordingtotheauthor,African-AmericansfilmmakershavefailedtotakewhichofthefollowingstepsinproperlypromotingAfrican-Americancinema?

問題1選項

A.TocontrasttheconditionofAfrican-Americancinemawiththatofmainstreamcinema

B.ToprovideaneconomicexplanationfortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

C.TocriticizetheassumptionsmainstreamaudiencesallegedlymaketowardAfrican-Americancinema

D.TocataloguetheattitudesandpracticesresponsiblefortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

問題2選項

A.long-termviabilityasagenreinwhichaudienceskeepaconsistentinterest

B.successinattractingaudiencesoutsidetheAfrican-Americancommunity

C.atendencytoglamorizetheproblemsexistinginAfrican-Americanurbancommunities

D.alimitedlevelofauthenticityintermsoftheirpresentationofAfrican-Americanculture

問題3選項

A.ExecutivesbelievethatAfrican-Americanaudiencesareoftenrepelledbythepresentationofideologicalissuesinfilm.

B.ExecutivesconcludethatAfrican-Americancinemaisnotlikelytoattractaudiencesoverseas.

C.ExecutivesareoftheopinionthatAfrican-Americanactorswhoemergeasstarsarereluctantfortheexecutivestoassociatethemwith“black”films.

D.ExecutivesareundertheimpressionthattherearemanystrongAfrican-Americanproducers,butfewwillingtoworkwithmainstreamstudios.

問題4選項

A.amovieoutsideAfrican-AmericancinemawhoseadaptationtotheAfrican-Americangenrewouldlikelyproveawkward

B.amoviethatAfrican-Americanswouldbeunlikelytorespondtoinapositivefashion

C.amoviethatwouldlikelyrequiretheinputofAfrican-Americans,wereittoberemade

D.amoviethatvalidatesthepathologiesitdepictsintheAfrican-Americancommunity

問題5選項

A.Theyhavefailedtodemonstratetostudioexecutivesthemarketpotentialoftheirfilms.

B.Theyhavefailedtoexpressideologicalissuesintheirfilmsthatcouldattractpotentialaudiences.

C.TheyhaveneglectedtousegenuineAfrican-Americanmusicasaforceintheirfilms.

D.TheyhaveexploitedstereotypesaboutAfrican-Americansforthegainofthemselves,butnotthegenre.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】36.主旨大意題。通讀全文后，根據(jù)“onlyalimiteddomesticbusiness”“erodesthegenre’slong-termviability”等，可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者通篇探討的是對于非洲裔美國電影不能廣泛流行的態(tài)度及原因。從而得出本題答案。

37.

細(xì)節(jié)事實題。可將信息點定位至原文最后一段第二句，根據(jù)“…erodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.（這削弱了該類型電影的長期生存能力，尤其是對那些變化無常的非裔美國觀眾和外國觀眾而言。）”，即可發(fā)現(xiàn)選項A與原文信息不符，從而得出本題答案。

38.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題意可將信息點定位至原文第二段第二句，根據(jù)“Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.（《戀愛關(guān)系》的演員們已經(jīng)說服自己，在任何情況下，黑色電影只能在國內(nèi)做有限的生意，幾乎沒有海外票房潛力。）”即可得出本題答案。

39.

事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“TheBirthofaNation”可將信息點定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“African-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.（在最近一批非洲裔美國人的電影中，這種力量很少以積極的社會方式使用。）”從而得出本題答案。

40.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“African-Americansfilmmakers”“promotingAfrican-Americancinema”可將信息點定位至原文第三段第二句和第三句。根據(jù)“perpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms（在他們的電影中延續(xù)消極的刻板印象）”“giventheeconomicexploitation（考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削）”“validatethepathologiestheydepict.（驗證它們所描述的病理。）”即可得出本題答案。

5.單選題

Theofferofafreeoverseastour（

）himintobuyingthevillaonthehillside.

問題1選項

A.discouraged

B.committed

C.tempted

D.tangled

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。discourage阻止，使氣餒；commit犯錯，委托；tempt誘惑，引起；tangle使糾纏。句意：因為提供免費(fèi)的境外旅游誘使他買下了山坡上的別墅。選項C更符合語境。

6.單選題

Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto（

）herumbrella.

問題1選項

A.carry

B.fetch

C.bring

D.reach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項carry“拿，運(yùn)送，攜帶”，指一般的搬運(yùn)，多指用人力；B選項fetch“（去）拿來，（去）請來”，指說話人離開說話處，去別處把某人或某物帶來；C選項bring“帶來，引來”，從別處拿某物到說話人處，由遠(yuǎn)及近；D選項reach“到達(dá)”。根據(jù)選項的意思及句意可知選B。句意：當(dāng)她看到了烏云的時候，她回到房子里去拿她的雨傘。

7.單選題

WhenMr.Simpsonwenttoapplyfora

intheofficeofalocalnewspaper,hewastoldtoseethemanager.

問題1選項

A.career

B.position

C.profession

D.location

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Career“事業(yè)”；position“職位”；profession“職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；location“位置，地點”。句意：當(dāng)辛普森先生去當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉蠹垖で舐毼粫r，他被告知去見經(jīng)理。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

6.

問題1選項

A.2.6

B.3.5

C.3.9

D.136

【答案】D

【解析】W:Hello,Eric,whatcanIdoforyou?

M:Iwaswonderingifyouhadtheresults.

W:Oh,yes,theresults.We’vegotthem.

M:Great.

W:Herewego.Urea(尿素)2.6,Sodium(鈉)136,andPotassium(鉀)3.9.

M:3.5.

W:No,that’s3.9

Q:Whatistheman’ssodiumlevel?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士說：Sodium（鈉）136，故選D。

9.單選題

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

問題1選項

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。vengeful“復(fù)仇的，報復(fù)的”；invincible“無敵的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他有報復(fù)心理，他記著那些做了對不起他的事的人。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Hewas_______inthestreetsoftheMexicancapitalbymorethanamillionpeople,mostofthemsincerelyinspired.

問題1選項

A.acclaimed

B.attested

C.ratified

D.considered

【答案】A

【解析】acclaim歡呼,喝彩,稱贊;attest證明;ratify批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;consider考慮。句意：他在墨西哥首都的大街上受到一百多萬人的歡迎,其中大多數(shù)人都受到了真誠的鼓舞。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

問題1選項

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

問題2選項

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

問題3選項

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer.?

問題4選項

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

問題5選項

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要提出了高級女主管很少的現(xiàn)象，并且對此分析了原因。

2.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力幫助女性把事業(yè)和家庭結(jié)合起來。法國和斯堪的納維亞國家?guī)椭鷥和Ｓ＿@與美國和英國的學(xué)校形成了鮮明的對比，美國和英國的學(xué)校在一個成年人的工作日結(jié)束之前就把他們趕出去了。美國的父母還必須為成年人安排超短的假期，為孩子安排長得荒唐的假期?！笨芍▏退箍暗募{維亞國家比英國和美國更加平等，更加重視女性，故A項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企業(yè)界，贊助和晉升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西爾維亞?安?休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商業(yè)評論》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇報告《贊助商效應(yīng)》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她認(rèn)為，幾乎所有升到高層的高管都有一個強(qiáng)有力的支持者。然而，女性往往無法培養(yǎng)出休利特所說的“關(guān)系資本”。他們不愿尋求幫助，擔(dān)心會顯得咄咄逼人。還有很多人擔(dān)心與男同事的親密關(guān)系會引發(fā)流言蜚語。毫無疑問，所有這些都發(fā)揮了作用。但讓更多女性進(jìn)入董事會的一個更大障礙是，太多女性難以平衡工作和家庭?？芍狝BD項在文中都有提及，故C項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她們比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士說，而且更擅長多任務(wù)處理。那些有孩子的人很快就會變得有效率。她們知道她們必須在特定的時間回家?！笨芍殬I(yè)女性的優(yōu)勢是善于合作，能夠處理許多任務(wù)，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判斷題。全文通過一些數(shù)據(jù)來分析女性高管少的現(xiàn)象及原因。故A項正確。

12.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲，物質(zhì)最基本的組成部分，以及生命的奇跡。

與此同時，今天，人類所做的事情及沒能做到的事情，不僅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球自身的生命。

全球化使世界變得更小、更快、更富有。然而，9/11、禽流感和伊朗問題提醒我們，更小、更快的世界不一定是一個更安全的世界。

我們正處在一個知識爆炸的世界之中，但卻迫切需要智慧。如今，在（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出變得愈來愈短，即時信息排擠了散雜文，個人生活變得更加瘋狂，這個世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。

基于所有這些原因，我相信，而且今天我更加堅信大學(xué)的獨(dú)特和不可替代的使命。

13.不定項選擇題

Nuclearpowersupplies5%oftheworld’senergyfrommorethan400plants.ButwiththeexceptionofFranceandJapan,therichworldhasstoppedorderingnewreactors.Atechnologythatwasoncedeemedbothcleanand“toocheaptometer”hasprovedtotheneither.Theindustry’schiefhopenowrestsonthepoorworld.WesternfirmswithreactorstosellwillbeflockingtoTokyoonOctober8thfortheWorldEnergyCongress,agiantconferencefortheenergybusiness.Asia,whereelectricitydemandfromdevelopingcountriesisgrowingat8%ayear,willbeoneveryone’slips.NewreactorsareplannedinChina,Taiwan,Indonesia,SouthKorea,PakistanandIndia.Itisgoodnewsforthereactorvendors;butthesecountriesaremakingamistake.

Theeconomicargumentsforbuildingnewnuclearplantsareflawed.Themarginalcostsofgeneratingelectricityfromnuclearmaybetiny,butasthetechnologynowstands,hugeanduncertaincostsareinvolvedinbuildingthepowerstations,dealingwithspentfuel,anddecommissioning.Manywesterngovernmentswhichsangnuclei’spraisesnowadmitthatgasandhydropowercanproducecheaperelectricity.

Theeconomicsofnuclearpowerinthepoorworldcouldprovetotheworsestill.Asintherichworld,fossilfuelssuchasgasandcoalareinvariablycheaper.InChinathecasefornuclearpowermaybealittlestrongerasdomesticreservesofcoal—thoughhuge—arelocatedfarfromsomeareasofgrowingelectricitydemand.Butmostdevelopingcountriesarestrappedforcashandneedtoincreaseelectricitysupplyquicklytomeetsoaringdemand.Nuclearplantsfailonbothcounts:theyarehugelycapital-intensive,andcantakeaslongastenyearstobuild.

Thosestillcharmedbynuclearpowernowadaysmakethreenewargumentsinitsfavor:thatitisadefenseagainstclimatechange,againstanotherOPEC-administeredoilshock,andagainsttheinevitableexhaustionoffossilfuels.Nonebearscloseexamination.

1.Nuclearpowerhasprovedtobe________.

2.Nuclearreactors________.

3.Theauthorseemstosuggestthat________.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.BuildingnuclearplantsmayinvolveallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

6.Theadvantagesnotedbythosefornuclearpower________.

問題1選項

A.indispensable

B.expensive

C.economical

D.competitive

問題2選項

A.haveceasedtogointooperation

B.areassumedtosellinAsia

C.keepthefavoroftherichworld

D.arerejectedbyFranceandJapan

問題3選項

A.buildinganuclearpowerstationwillnottaketoomuchtime

B.westerncountriesrefusedtobuyanynuclearreactors

C.nuclearreactorsareingreatdemandindevelopingcountries

D.nuclearpoweriscostlytotherichworld,letalonetothepoorworld

問題4選項

A.Chinawilldenyitselftothecompleteuseofnuclearpower.

B.Chinaissupposedtousenuclearpowertoadegree.

C.Theargumentsinfavorofbuildingnuclearpowerarejustifiable.

D.Mostdevelopingcountriesarenotpressedforeithertimeormoney.

問題5選項

A.laborintensiveness

B.hugecapitalinvestment

C.longperiodoftime

D.pollution

問題6選項

A.areutterlygroundless

B.areapprovedunquestionable

C.arefullytestified

D.aresubjecttoexamination

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

【解析】第