考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard兩種不同的類型正處于設(shè)計(jì)階段?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“正在被計(jì)劃中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一個特殊用途的車道系統(tǒng)需要對現(xiàn)有的高速公路進(jìn)行更廣泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的車道系統(tǒng)能給高速公路系統(tǒng)帶來便利。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在這兩種方案中，司機(jī)將指定想要到達(dá)的目的地，并在旅程開始時或在到達(dá)自動高速公路之前將這些信息提供給車內(nèi)的計(jì)算機(jī)?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“司機(jī)開車前應(yīng)將目的地告知汽車電腦”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有專用車道，汽車可以通過兩種不同的方式進(jìn)入這些車道并加入現(xiàn)有的車流。一種方法使用一個特殊的斜坡彎道(入口引道)。當(dāng)司機(jī)接近高速公路的入口點(diǎn)時，安裝在路邊的電子設(shè)備將檢查車輛，以確定其目的地，并確定其適當(dāng)?shù)淖詣踊O(shè)備處于良好的工作狀態(tài)?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“通過帶有電子控制裝置的斜坡”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦車輛進(jìn)入自動駕駛狀態(tài)，駕駛員就可以自由地松開方向盤，打開晨報(bào)或者只是放松一下?！惫蔇項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman,to______nothingofEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)saynothingof“更不用說”；其余選項(xiàng)非固定搭配。句意：她會說法語和德語，英語就______。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項(xiàng)storage“貯存”是不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項(xiàng)reserves“儲備”。填一個名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內(nèi)容可知reserves“儲備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲備是用來保證非農(nóng)業(yè)人口消費(fèi)和應(yīng)對嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的。故答案選D。

4.單選題

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“縮減”；boildown“歸結(jié)”；narrowdown“縮小范圍”。句意：盡管有計(jì)劃縮減額外退休金數(shù)額。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Forsomewomen,homemakingis______tohavingacareer,forothers,raisingafamilyandtakingcareoftheirhomesisthemostgratifyingoflife’scallings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slavish

B.fawning

C.subservient

D.subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)slavish表示“奴隸的，奴性的，卑屈的”，B項(xiàng)fawning表示“奉承的，恭維的，討好的”，指通過諂媚和奉承來獲得注意和贊賞，C項(xiàng)subservient表示“屈從的，奉承的，恭順的”，指某人非常愿意服從別人，D項(xiàng)subordinate表示“從屬的，隸屬的，次要的”。句意：對于一些女性來說，家政是比事業(yè)更重要的事情，而對于另一些女性來說，養(yǎng)家和照顧家庭是生活中最令人滿足的召喚。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Someeconomistsfretthatsharepricesaremovingfar______companiesearnings,toadegreescantyreminiscentofJapaninthelate1980sjustbeforeitscrash.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aheadof

B.backof

C.independentof

D.abreastof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。aheadof“在……之前”；backof“在……后面”；independentof“不受……支配的”；abreastof“保持與……并列”。句意：一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家擔(dān)心，股價……公司盈利，這在一定程度上讓人想起上世紀(jì)80年代末日本股市崩盤前的情景。可知前半句應(yīng)表示“股票價格超過了公司盈利”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Nineistothree（）threeistoone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】考查方式狀語從句。AistoBwhatCistoD是固定句式，意思是“A對于B來說就等于C對于D一樣”，what在句中引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)capacity“能力、容量、資格”；B項(xiàng)strength“力量、力氣”；C項(xiàng)length“長度”；D項(xiàng)possibility“可能性”；句意：不外出工作的家庭主婦感覺家務(wù)活不能讓她們完全施展自己的能力。worktoone’scapacity“充分發(fā)揮才能”；因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

________sixpercentofordinaryhomesweredamagedintheearthquake,onlythreepercentofmobilehomeswereaffected.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.How

B.While

C.Although

D.When

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：（）地震中百分之六的普通房子被摧毀了，只有百分之三的移動房受到了影響。根據(jù)句意，這里從句選時間狀語引導(dǎo)詞，A選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)方式狀語，C選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，所以排除。然后根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞only，表明這兩個句子不單單是表明兩件事同時發(fā)生，還會有一種轉(zhuǎn)折的意思在，所以D選項(xiàng)排除，答案選B。

10.單選題

Heisanactorof（）whohasneverabandonedhisprinciplesforthesakeofhisownbenefits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.stability

C.scarcity

D.dignity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整，正直，誠實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定性，堅(jiān)定”；C選項(xiàng)scarcity“不足，缺乏”；D選項(xiàng)dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高貴”。句意“他是一個正直的演員，從不為了自己的利益而放棄自己的原則?！边x項(xiàng)A符合語境。

11.單選題

In（

）ofMr.Mainwaring’syearsofservice,thecompanypresentedhimwithagoldwatch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contradiction

B.appreciation

C.confrontation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)下文可以推測,這是為了表達(dá)感謝,所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的inflexibility“不屈性，頑固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B選項(xiàng)的impropriety“不合適，不恰當(dāng)”；oscillatory“振動的，動搖的，變動的"；C選項(xiàng)的intransigence“不妥協(xié)，強(qiáng)硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，寬容的”；D選項(xiàng)的success“成功，勝利”；authoritative“命令式的，專斷的，權(quán)威式的”。根據(jù)句意‘與他先前亳不讓步的談判者的聲譽(yù)相反，摩根近來采取了一種更為緩和的立場，所以許多他先前的批判者轉(zhuǎn)而稱贊他’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.

AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointCastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystarlingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productoffering，orotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.Oncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That'saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.

ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards,A,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefall,whichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthepresentwebbusiness?

2.Establishedpartnersarepreferredinwebbusinessbecause（

）.

3.Netpuristsaremostworriedthat

（

）.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutA?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Webbusinessisnolongerinfashion

B.Business-to-businesssalesarethetrend.

C.Webbusinessisprosperousintheconsumermarket.

D.Manycompaniesstilllackconfidenceinwebbusiness.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremorecreditablethanothers

B.theyspecifytheproductstheywant

C.theyhaveaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet

D.theyarecapableofconductingonlinetransactions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onlytherequestedinformationconiestothescreen

B.thenetisfilledwithcommercialpromotion

C.thedifferencebetweentheWedandTVwillfade

D.pushtechnologywilldominatethescreen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itssuccessisattributedtopushstrategies.

B.Itisprosperouswithoutpushstrategies.

C.Itishighlyconcernedaboutthecostofcomputingpower.

D.Itisagoodexampleoftheflourishingonlinebusiness.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。第2段開頭的Nonetheless表明該句與首段提到的內(nèi)容有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecause（盡管如此，許多公司仍然對使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)猶豫不決，因?yàn)椤?，因此D項(xiàng)“許多公司對網(wǎng)絡(luò)商務(wù)依然缺少自信”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段becauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.及最后一句“Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.一些公司通過只與已建立業(yè)務(wù)的伙伴進(jìn)行在線交易來限制風(fēng)險，這些業(yè)務(wù)伙伴可以訪問公司的私有內(nèi)部網(wǎng)?！笨芍碳覟榱藴p輕風(fēng)險，會選擇與建立了合作關(guān)系的固定合作伙伴交易，因?yàn)樗麄兏档眯刨?。”答案A

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第3段末句開頭的That'saprospect表明前面提到的內(nèi)容就是使網(wǎng)絡(luò)凈化者覺得擔(dān)憂的問題，上文說網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告不應(yīng)像電視那樣不請自來，由此可見，網(wǎng)絡(luò)凈化者最擔(dān)心的是以后電腦屏幕會被不請自來的廣告占據(jù)，因此D為本題答案。關(guān)鍵不在于“網(wǎng)絡(luò)中滿是商業(yè)促銷”，而是“pushtechnology（廣告推送）”。

第4題:推理判斷題。由第四段首句“ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.不靠推銷策略賺錢也是可行的?！苯又e亞馬遜的成功案例，可知答案B

14.單選題

9.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Diarrhea.

B.Vomiting.

C.Nausea.

D.Acold.

【答案】C

【解析】M:I’msosickinmystomach!

W:That’stoobad.Haveyoubeentothetoilet?Anydiarrhea[?da???ri?]orvomiting?

M:I’vebeentothetoilettwice.Butnodiarrheaorvomiting.PerhapsIshoulddrinksomething.CanIhaveacupofhottea?

Q:Whatisthemansufferingfrom?

【解析】推斷題。男士說：I’msosickinmystomach（我只是有點(diǎn)反胃），故選C。

15.單選題

6.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hehaslostsomeweight.

B.Hehasgainedalot.

C.Heneedstoexercisemore.

D.Heisstilloverweight.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Youdon’tseemtobeoverweight.

M:No,notreally.IfIrunupaflightofstairs,ittakesmeawhiletogetmybreathback.Ineedtoworkoutmore.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Ineedtoworkoutmore（我需要加強(qiáng)鍛煉）。

16.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你的建議對他非常有價值，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

考查副詞辨析。exceedingly極其，非常，特別；excessively過分地，極度；extensively廣―闊地，廣大地：exclusively唯一地，獨(dú)占地。后面從句說到:因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么，因此前面應(yīng)該在說“你的建議對他非常有價值”。

17.單選題

Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,takehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!Everywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.“Americaisthereforethelandofthefuture,”theGermanphilosopherHegelwrote.“TheAmericanlivesevenmoreforhisgoals,forthefuture,thantheEuropean.”AlbertEinsteinconcurred.“Lifeforhimisalwaysbecoming,neverbeing.”

In2012,Americawillstillbetheplacewherethefuturehappensfirst,forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories,God’skingdomonearth.Theearlypioneerswouldsometimestravelpastperfectlygoodfarmland,becausetheywereconvincedthatevenmoreamazinglandcouldbefoundoverthenextridge.TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.Therailroadspeculatorsenvisionedmagnificentfortunesbuiltonbandsofiron.It’snowfashionabletoridiculethevisionsofdot-comentrepreneursofthe1990s,buttheyhadinheritedtheurgetoleapforthehorizon.“TheFutureisendowedwithsuchalife,thatitlivestouseveninanticipation,”HermanMelvillewrote.“TheFutureistheBibleoftheFree.”

Thisfuture-mindednessexplainsmanymodernfeaturesofAmericanlife.Itexplainsworkaholism:theaverageAmericanworks350hoursayearmorethantheaverageEuropean.Americansmovemore,insearchofthatbrightertomorrow,thanpeopleinotherland.Theyalso,sadly,divorcemore,forthesamereason.AmericansadoptnewtechnologiessuchasonlineshoppingandcreditcardsmuchmorequicklythanpeopleinothercountriesForty-fivepercentofworldInternetusetakesplaceintheUnitedStates.Eventoday,aftertheburstingofthestock-marketbubble,Americanventure-capitalfirms—whichareinthebusinessofbettingonthefuture—dwarfthefirmsfromallothernations.

Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.Italsoleadstoincredibleinnovations.AccordingtotheYalehistorianPaulKennedy,75percentoftheNobellaureatesineconomiesandthesciencesoverrecentdecadeshavelivedorworkedintheUnitedStates.Thecountryremainsamagnetforthefuture-mindedfromothernations.Onein12Americanshasenjoyedthethrillandchallengeofstartinghisownbusiness.AstudypublishedintheJournalofInternationalBusinessStudiesin2000showedthatinnovativepeoplearespreadprettyevenlythroughouttheglobe,butAmericansaremostcomfortablewithrisk.EntrepreneursintheU.S.aremorelikelytobelievethattheypossesstheabilitytoshapetheirownfuturethanpeoplein,say,Britain,AustraliaorSingapore.

Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.ButtheworldisnotbecomingmoreFrench.By2012,thisperiodofchastisementwilllikelyhaverunitscourse,andfuture-mindednesswillbebackinvogue,forbetterorworse.

Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.In1979,threequartersofAmericanofficespacewerelocatedincentralcities.Thenewcompanies,researchcentersandentrepreneursareflockingtotheselowbuildingsnearairports,highwaysandtheWal-Martmalls,andtheyarecreatinganewkindofsuburbanlife.ThereareentirelynewmetropolisesrisingboomsuburbslikeMesa,Arizona,thatalreadyhavemorepeoplethanMinneapolisorSt.Louis.WearenowapproachingamomentinwhichthemajorityofAmericanofficespace,andthehubofAmericanentrepreneurship,willbefoundinquietofficeparksinplaceslikeRockville,Maryland,andinthesprawlingsuburbospherearoundAtlanta.

Wealsoknowthatfuture-mindednessitselfwillbecometheobjectofgreaterstudy.Wearediscoveringthattherearemanythingsthathumanbeingsdoeasilythatcomputerscandoonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.

47.ThethirdparagraphexaminesAmerica’sfuture-mindednessfromthe（）perspective.

48.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTbroughtaboutbyfuture-mindedness?

49.Theword“pooh-pooh”inthesixthparagraphmeans（）.

50.Accordingtothepassage,peopleatpresentcanforecast（）ofanewroundoffuture-mindedness.

51.Theauthorpredictsinthelastparagraphthatthestudyoffuture-mindednesswillfocuson（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.future

B.realistic

C.historical

D.present

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Economicstagnation.

B.Environmentaldestruction.

C.Highdivorcerates.

D.Neglectofhistory.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.appreciate

B.praise

C.shun

D.ridicule

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenature

B.thelocation

C.thevariety

D.thefeatures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.howitcomesintobeing.

B.howitfunctions.

C.whatitbringsabout.

D.whatitisrelatedto.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】47.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段...forthatisthenation’soldesttradition.TheearlyPuritanslivedinalmostStoneAgeconditions,buttheywereinspiredbyvisionsoffutureglories（因?yàn)檫@是這個國家最古老的傳統(tǒng)。早期的清教徒生活在幾乎石器時代的環(huán)境中，但他們受到未來榮耀的啟示）以及TheFoundingFatherstook13scragglyColoniesandbelievedtheywerecreatinganewnationonearth.（開國元勛們占領(lǐng)了13個破敗的殖民地，并相信他們正在地球上創(chuàng)建一個新的國家。）這些都是作者對于過去美國歷史的一些回顧，因此作者在第三段中是以歷史的角度考察了美國的未來意識。因此C選項(xiàng)“歷史的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“未來的”；B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”以及D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的”都不是第三段的敘事角度。

48.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第五段Future-mindednesscontributestothedisorderinAmericanlife,theobliviousnesstohistory,thehighratesoffamilybreakdown,thefrenziedwasteofnaturalresources.（對未來的關(guān)注導(dǎo)致了美國人生活的混亂、對歷史的遺忘、高比率的家庭破裂以及對自然資源的瘋狂浪費(fèi)。）其中A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯”是沒有提到的，當(dāng)選。B選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境破壞”；C選項(xiàng)“高離婚率”以及D選項(xiàng)“對歷史的忽視”，都是文章中有提到的。

49.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞直接定位到第六段Ifthe1990swereagreatdecadeoffuture-mindedness,wearenowinthemidstofaseasonofexperience.Iseemscoolertobeskeptical,topooh-poohallthoseIPOsuckerswholosttheirmoneybettingonthetelecomfuture.（如果說1990年代是著眼未來的偉大十年，那么我們現(xiàn)在正處于經(jīng)歷的季節(jié)之中。我似乎更冷靜地持懷疑態(tài)度，對所有那些在電信未來上輸了錢的IPO傻瓜們_____。）這句話通過后面的sucker“容易上當(dāng)受騙的人”以及wholosttheirmoney“那些輸錢的人”可以看出，對他們應(yīng)該是抱有鄙夷的態(tài)度的，因此D選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”正確。A選項(xiàng)appreciate“欣賞”；B選項(xiàng)praise“稱贊”；C選項(xiàng)shun“避開”都不正確。

50.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第八段Wedon’tknowexactlywhatthenextfuture-mindedfrenzywinlooklike.Wedoknowwhereitwilltakeplace:theAmericansuburb.（我們不知道下一次的未來狂勝會是什么樣子。我們知道它將在哪里發(fā)生：美國郊區(qū)。）根據(jù)這句話可以得出，B選項(xiàng)“地點(diǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“未來”；C選項(xiàng)“種類”以及D選項(xiàng)“特點(diǎn)”都不是可以預(yù)測的。

51.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段Cognitivescientistsarenowtryingtodecodethehumanimagination,tounderstandhowthebrainvisualizes,dreamsandcreates.Andweknow,too,thatwherethereisfuture-mindednessthereishope.（認(rèn)知科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在正試圖破解人類的想象，理解大腦是如何想象、做夢和創(chuàng)造的，我們也知道，有未來意識的地方就有希望。）根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項(xiàng)“它是如何工作的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它是如何發(fā)生的”；C選項(xiàng)“它帶來了什么”以及D選項(xiàng)“它與什么相關(guān)”都不是作者預(yù)測的研究對象。

18.單選題

Wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin（）wehadtowalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.consequence

C.possession

D.succession

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。particular特別的，特色；consequence結(jié)果，因此；possession擁有，所有；succession

接連，避承權(quán)。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢賣車票，所以只能步行。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Accordingto（）sources,theLeaningTowerofPisaistobeuprightedunderarestorationplanbytheItalianGovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformed

B.confirmed

C.informed

D.transformed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。conformed"一致的,順從的";confirmed"確定的,堅(jiān)定的"";informed"消息靈通的,見多識廣的";transformed"轉(zhuǎn)變的"。句意：據(jù)可靠消息,在意大利政府的一項(xiàng)恢復(fù)計(jì)劃中,比薩斜塔將得到修復(fù)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

20.單選題

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動詞過去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義，A選項(xiàng)owned“自身擁有的”；B選項(xiàng)sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C選項(xiàng)wrecked“失事的”；D選項(xiàng)submitted“屈服的”。句意：這艘船在牙買加附近的風(fēng)暴中……。“風(fēng)暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.

Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulse.Toprovetheletter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpresseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.

Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirenchantedgirl-friend.

Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosanechildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thebestwaytoretellastorytoachildisto（）.

2.Inthesecond-paragraph,whichstatementbestexpressestheauthor'sattitudetowardsfairystories?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,fairystoriesaremostlikelyto（）.

4.Ifthechildhasheardsomehorrorstoryformorethanonce,accordingtotheauthor,hewouldprobablybe（）.

5.Theauthor’smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttoemphasizethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tellitinacreativeway

B.takefromitwhatthechildlikes

C.addtoitwhateverathand

D.readitoutofthestorybook

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heseesinthemtheworstofhumannature.

B.Heregardsthemasmoreofabenefitthanharms.

C.Hedislikeseverythingaboutthem.

D.Heisexpectantoftheexperimentalresults.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.makechildrenaggressivethewholelife

B.incitedestructivenessinchildren

C.functionasasafetyvalveforchildren

D.addchildren’senjoymentofcrueltytoothers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scaredtodeath

B.takingitandevenenjoyingit

C.sufferingmorethepainoffear

D.dangerouslyterrified

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.oldfairystorieskeepupdatingthemselvestocaterformodernneeds

B.fairystorieshaveclaimedmanylivesofvictims

C.fairystorieshavethrownourworldintochaos

D.fairystoriesareafterallfairystories

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,（所以選項(xiàng)D錯誤）and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetime（所以選項(xiàng)C錯誤）andtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.”講故事總比讀故事要好得多,而且,如果父母能夠根據(jù)當(dāng)時的實(shí)際情況以及孩子自身的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行發(fā)揮,那就更好了。選項(xiàng)A更符合原文。

2.第二段主要講童話故事通過嚇唬孩子或激起孩子的虐待沖動來傷害孩子,所以讀過童話故事的孩子比沒讀過的孩子更容易犯下殘忍的罪行,說明作者看到了人性最壞的一面,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。