考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學博達學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學博達學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Forgatheringdataaboutindividualsorgroupsatdifferentdevelopmentallevels,researcherscanusetworelatedresearchdesigns:longitudinalandcross-sectional.

Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades.AnexampleofsuchastudyistheBerkeleyGrowthStudybegunin1928byNancyBayley.Thestudyfocusedonagroupof74white,middleclassnewborns.Astheygrewolder,extensivemeasuresoftheirintellectual,personality,andmotordevelopmentwererecorded.Thesubjectswerestudiedformorethanthirtyyears.

Thelongitudinalresearchdesignisapowerfultechniqueforseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.Also,differencesinorstabilityofbehaviorsorcharacteristicsatdifferentagescanbedetermined.Longitudinalstudies,however,areexpensivetoconduct,time-consuming,andheavilycontingent

onthepatienceandpersistenceoftheresearchers.Thefindingsofalongitudinalstudymaybejeopardizedbyrelocationofsubjectstoanotherpartofthecountryandbyboredomorirritationatrepeatedtesting.Anotherdisadvantageisthatsocietychangesfromonetimetoanotherandthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudyreflecttosomedegreesuchchanges.Themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother.Ifproperlyconducted,however,longitudinalstudiescanproduceuseful,directinformationaboutdevelopment.

Across-sectionalstudyisoneinwhichsubjectsofdifferingagesareselectedandcomparedonaspecificbehaviororcharacteristic.Theyarealikewithrespecttosocioeconomicstatus,sex,oreducationallevel.Forexample,aresearchermaybeinterestedinlookingatchangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.Threegroupsofsubjects,agesten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested.Conclusionsaredrawnfromthetestdata.

Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming.Themajordisadvantageisthatdifferentindividualswhomakeupthestudysamplehavenotbeenobservedovertime.Noinformationaboutpastinfluencesondevelopmentoraboutage-relatedchangesissecured.Likelongitudinalstudies,thecross-sectionalmethodscannoterasethegenerationalinfluencethatexistswhensubjectsstudiedarebornatdifferenttime.Psychologistsarenowbeginningtouseanapproachthatcombineslongitudinalandcross-sectionalresearchmethods.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthedisadvantagesofalongitudinalresearch?

2.Theword"contingent"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Oneofthedifferencesbetweencross-sectionalresearchandlongitudinalresearchisthat______.

問題1選項

A.Thesubjectsmaybecomeirritatedatrepeatedtesting.

B.Theparticipantsinthestudymaynotstayinoneplaceformanyyears.

C.Thebehaviorofasubjectinthestudymaybemeasuredcontinuouslyformanyyears.

D.Socialchangesmaybereflectedinthebehaviorsofthesubjectsparticipatinginthestudy.

問題2選項

A.dependent

B.consecutive

C.determined

D.continual

問題3選項

A.Thesubjectsinacross-sectionalresearcharenotofthesameagegroup.

B.Themethodsofstudyinlongitudinalresearchwillnotchangeovertime.

C.Longitudinalresearchisreliableonlyinseekingunderstandingsoftheeffectsofearlyexperiencesonlaterdevelopment.

D.Cross-sectionalmethodsarenotusuallyadoptedinstudying,forexample,thechangesinintelligenceoverathirty-yearperiod.

問題4選項

A.thelatterusuallyfocusesononlyonesubject,whiletheformerinvolvesgroupsofsubjects

B.theformercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

C.thelattercanbefreefromtheinfluenceofsocialchanges

D.theformercostslessmoneyandtakeslesstime

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪項不是縱向研究的缺點之一？文章第二段說到縱向研究的特點和有點，第三段說到了縱向研究的缺點。第二段第一句“Alongitudinalstudyisonethatmeasuresabehaviororacharacteristicofanindividualoveraperiodoftime,perhapsdecades”與C選項符合。因此C選項符合題意。

2.詞義題。由詞語定位到第三句，分析句子結構可知“contingent”是并列謂語之一。前半句說到縱向研究費用高、耗時長，因此要依靠耐心和毅力才能堅持下來。因此A選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題干：下列哪個陳述是正確的？此類題只可通過選項定位。C選項中出現(xiàn)了絕對詞“only”，表示“縱向研究只有在尋求對早期經(jīng)驗對后期發(fā)展的影響的理解時才是可靠的”，過于絕對化，因此排除；第三段中“themethodsofstudyorthequestionsguidingtheresearchersmayalsochangefromonetimetoanother”說明B選項錯誤；第四段中“threegroupsofsubjects,ageten,twenty,andthirty,maybeselectedandtested”說明D選項錯誤。因此A選項符合題意。

4.細節(jié)題。題干：橫向和縱向研究的區(qū)別之一是______。由題干定位到文章第四、五段，第五段第一句提到“Thecross-sectionalresearchdesignhastheclearadvantageofbeinglessexpensivetoconductandcertainlylesstime-consuming”，即與D選項的lessmoney一致。因此D選項符合題意。

2.單選題

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指為...預先采取措施,為…作好準備。句意:一個人必須為自己的老年提前做準備,存下足夠的錢以備老年之需。選項C正確。

3.單選題

Thestockmarketdeclinedsharply,andrampantbusinessinvestmentslumped.Thenanensuingspateonscandals_______publictrustinthewaycompanieswererun.

問題1選項

A.consolidated

B.illuminated

C.weakened

D.celebrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項consolidate“鞏固，加強”；B選項illuminate“說明；使燦爛”；C選項weaken“削弱”；D選項celebrate“慶祝；宣告”。句意：股市大幅下跌，泛濫的商業(yè)投資大幅下滑。接著是一連串的丑聞_______公眾對公司運作方式的信任。根據(jù)語境，股市大跌，投資下滑，可知這里表達負面的意味，weaken“削弱”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

問題1選項

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項perceive“察覺；理解；認知”；B選項deceive“欺騙；行騙”；C選項conceive“懷孕；構思；持有”；D選項receive“收到；接待；接納”。句意：……他的腿有點瘸，所以我放慢了腳步?！拔摇狈怕_步是因為“發(fā)現(xiàn)、察覺”他腿腳不便，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacentury-longstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworks.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilities,andemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWar,forexample,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshavecolludedovertheyearsinestablishingdifferent,lessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomenthanformen,thusreducingwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courts,andemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoaffectedwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesorsterilityinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostay,andthattheirneeds-goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace-aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingresultedfromthepassageorrevivalofstatelawslimitingtheworkhoursofwomenworkers?.

2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,theauthorconsiderswhichofthefollowingtobemosthelpfulindeterminingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

3.Themainpointofthepassageisthatspecialprotectivelaborlawsforwomenworkersare（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans?

5.Accordingtothepassage,speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendgenerallytohavewhichofthefollowingeffects?

問題1選項

A.Womenworkerswerecompelledtoleavetheirjobsinfactories.

B.Manyemployershaddifficultyinprovidingjobsforreturningveterans.

C.Manyemployersfoundithardtoattractwomenworkers.

D.Thehealthofmostwomenfactoryworkersimproved.

問題2選項

A.comparativestudyofpatternsofwork-relatedillnessesinstatesthathadsuchlawsandinstatesthatdidnot.

B.Anestimateofhowmanywomenworkersareinfavorofsuchlaws.

C.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcomplyingwithsuchlaws.

D.Anexaminationoftheactualeffectsthatsuchlawshavehadinthepastonwomenworkers.

問題3選項

A.unnecessarybecausemostworkersarewellprotectedbyexistinglaborlaws.

B.harmfoltotheeconomicinterestsofwomenworkerswhileofferingthemlittleornoactualprotection.

C.notworthpreservingeventhoughtheydorepresentahard-wonlegacyofthelabormovement.

D.controversialbecausemaleworkersreceivelessprotectionthantheyrequire.

問題4選項

A.Theycoverallthecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingmen,butonlysomeofthoseaffectingwomen.

B.Theylackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkersthatproposedspeciallaborlawsforwomenwouldprovide.

C.Theypaythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirthonlyforthespousesofmaleemployees,notforfemaleemployees.

D.Theymeetminimumlegalrequirements,butdonotadequatelysafeguardthehealthofeithermaleorfemaleemployees.

問題5選項

A.Theytendtomodifythestereotypesemployeesoftenholdconcerningwomen.

B.Theyincreasetheadvantagetoemployersofhiringmeninsteadofwomen,makingitlesslikelythatwomenwillbehired.

C.Theydecreasethelikelihoodthatemployerswilloffermoreprotectiontowomenworkersthanthatwhichisabsolutelyrequiredbylaw.

D.Theyincreasethetendencyofemployerstodenyhealthinsuranceanddisabilityplanstowomenworkers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第三句，此句前一句便是本題答案。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing(即使簡短回顧法院和雇主的以往做法，這些法律的成果也似乎是苦澀的：實際上，它們更多的是一種詛咒，而不是好事)。

3.主旨大意題。A、D可以排除。文章第一段提到，特別保護婦女的勞動法是經(jīng)過一個世紀的斗爭獲得的，但是只要稍微審視一下過去就能發(fā)現(xiàn)這些法律與其說是一件好事，不如說是一種災禍。這是C項的意思，但是下文都在證明的最后一段第一句話：protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose,即這些法律使婦女失去工作、遭受了經(jīng)濟利益的損失，但并未對婦女提供太多的保護，B選項概括全文大意。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞employeehealthinsuranceplans定位至第二段最后一句,由此推測A項(它們涵蓋了所有影響男性的常見醫(yī)療狀況，但僅包括一些影響女性的情況)正確。

5.細節(jié)題。作者認為，正是因為有了這些特殊的針對婦女的勞動法，用人單位才能堂而皇之地以婦女不適合相關的工作為由，不再雇傭婦女。最后一句也說“立法者們應當認識到婦女應當保留在勞動力中...”因此B項(他們增加了雇主雇傭男性而不是女性的優(yōu)勢，從而減少了雇傭女性的可能性)正確。

6.單選題

Mypain（）apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

問題1選項

A.mustbe

B.musthavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】B

【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。由原文句意可知，當我進房間的時候，我的痛苦一定很明顯，因為第一個看到我的人就同情地問我“你沒事吧”。分析句子結構可知，for連接并列句，補充說明前文推測的原因。再通過walked可知，空缺處是對過去的事實進行肯定的推測，因此應選用musthavebeen。故本題正確答案為B選項。

7.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項

A.routine

B.nutrition

C.provision

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項routine“慣例”；B選項nutrition“營養(yǎng)”；C選項provision“規(guī)定，條款”；D選項expense“開銷，費用，損失，代價”。句意：無論你是為了吃而活，還是為了活而吃，食物都是每個家庭的預算當中一項主要的開銷。根據(jù)后半句提到的family’sbudget家庭預算，可知該處選擇D選項expense“開銷”符合句意。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

問題1選項

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項prestige“威信”；B選項regime“政體”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越”；D選項legislation“立法”。句意：在這樣一個給予強者顯赫聲望的社會里，大衛(wèi)覺得自己無用，不被社會需要。本句表示強者獲得威望。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

問題1選項

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

問題2選項

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

問題3選項

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

問題4選項

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

問題5選項

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因為國家的巨大權力被用來促進各種意識形態(tài)的目的。選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”選項A錯誤；根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不僅僅是文化問題,所以選項B也錯誤；選項C符合原文,選項D在文中沒有提及。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知選項A正確；根據(jù)第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知選項B正確；根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知選項D正確,只要選項C在文中未提及。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知。本文的兩個關鍵詞是政治和文化,所以選項B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,選項A正確。

10.單選題

Oneimpediment（

）thegeneraluseofastandardinpronunciationisthefact（

）pronunciationislearntnaturallyandunconsciously,whileorthographyislearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.

問題1選項

A.in...which

B.of...inwhich

C.on...that

D.to…that

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配及同位語從句。Oneimpedimentto“障礙”，第二個空格后的句子是前面fact的同位語，因此由that引導。D選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.

問題1選項

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的想法總是被同事們認為（）。condemn意為“譴責，反對”，表明其后的形容詞應為貶義詞。A選項imaginative想象的，虛構的；B選項ingenious聰明的，精巧的；C選項impractical不切實際的，不實用的；D選項theoretical理論上的。C選項impractical符合句意和邏輯。

12.單選題

Herexcellentperformance______theaudience’swarmacclamations.

問題1選項

A.resultedfrom

B.burstinto

C.evoked

D.prosecuted

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項resultfrom“由……造成，起因于”，B項burstinto“突然闖進來”，C項evoke“引起，喚起，博得”，D項prosecute“檢舉，貫徹”。根據(jù)句子意思“她的精彩表演……觀眾的熱烈喝彩”可推斷，空格處應該表示“贏得，博得”，所以只有C項符合。句意：她出色的表演引起了觀眾的熱烈喝彩。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

13.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Thechemistryhomeworkisdifficult.

B.Thechemistryhomeworkisfun.

C.Themathhomeworkisdifficult.

D.Themathhomeworkisfun.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Catherine,howisthemathhomeworkcoming?

W:That’sapieceofcake.Butthechemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】對話中女士說數(shù)學作業(yè)apieceofcake，即“小菜一碟”，但是chemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack，即化學作業(yè)非常棘手。

14.單選題

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly（

）sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

問題1選項

A.inexhaustible

B.exploited

C.remarkable

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】句意:該地區(qū)多種多樣的熱帶植物說明這里有取之不盡的原材料，而只有少量被利用。

形容詞辨析。Inexhaustible無窮無盡的;exploited被開發(fā)的;remarkable異常的，非凡的;controversial有爭議的。故A符合句意。

15.單選題

（

）atamusicstorewasoneofLilArmstrong’sfirstprofessionaljobsasayoungpianistwhenshecametoChicagoin1917.

問題1選項

A.Demonstrationtunes

B.Demonstratingtunes

C.Demonstratetunes

D.Tunesthatdemonstrated

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結構。句意：LilArmstrong1917年來到芝加哥時，作為年輕的鋼琴家的第一份專業(yè)工作是在音樂商店里演奏曲調(diào)。空格處所填單詞與后面部分一起構成名詞短語做整個句子的主語。C項demonstrate是動詞，不能做主語。A、D兩項中tunes是復數(shù),而謂語動詞是was,故排除。

16.單選題

Hefinallyagreedtosigntheagreementwithus,butwithsome（）.

問題1選項

A.recurrence

B.rejection

C.reluctance

D.refutation

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。recurrence循環(huán)，重現(xiàn)rejection拒絕，抑制；reluctance勉強，不情愿；refutation反駁，駁斥。句意：他最終同意與我們簽訂協(xié)議，但有些不情愿。選項C符合句意。

17.單選題

Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight（）.

問題1選項

A.couldnothavebeensolved

B.couldbesolved

C.cannotbesolved

D.couldnothavesolved

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣,從句為過去完成時,主句應用現(xiàn)在完成時,首先排除選項B和C。problem和solve之間是被動關系,所以選項A正確。

18.單選題

Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversityofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor______.

問題1選項

A.explicated

B.complicated

C.duplicated

D.implicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項explicated“說明，解釋”；B選項complicated“使復雜化；使惡化；使卷入”；C選項duplicated“復制；使加倍”；D選項implicated“使卷入；涉及；暗指；影響”。句意：來自其他機構的學術記錄通常會成為一所大學的官方所有文件，并且不會被返還給學生或者被復制。因此C選項正確。

19.單選題

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

問題1選項

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項subsequently“隨后”；B選項successively“接連的”；C選項predominantly“顯著地”；D選項preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，公司拒絕購買設備，但這一決定______被修改了。根據(jù)語境，這里指決定在后來被修改，所以subsequently“隨后”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

20.單選題

WhenSarahandI（

）onanarticlefortheschoolnewspaper,wefounditdifficulttoworktogether.

問題1選項

A.compiled

B.gathered

C.collaborated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。compile“匯集；編輯”；gather“聚會，集會”；collaborate“合作，合著”；collect“收集；集合”。句意：當Sarah和我為校報合作一篇文章時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與彼此一起工作。選項C符合題意。

21.翻譯題

Inthissection,therearetenEnglishsentences.TranslatethemintoproperChineseandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.

IcamebackyesterdayfromHongKongwhereIhadspenttwoweeksvacationafterthecompletionoftheconstructionjobIhadbeeninchargeofinthesouth.

Ashewalkedaway,heturnedforonelastglimpseofherinthedoorway,tinyandsmilingandwavinggood-bye.

I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.

Hiswordsfailedhimforthemoment.

Theatrewillbereinventedandbecomemuchfreerandmoreimaginative.

Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.

Forcountlessagesthesunroseandset,themoonwaxedandwaned,thestarsshoneinthenight,butitwasonlywiththecomingofManthatthesethingswereunderstood.

Manysketchesareinexistenceofpeasantsseatedbytheroadsideandmenandwomenatworkinthefields.

For20yearswewerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.

Thestatementdeclaredthattheinternationaleconomicordermustbechangedorthegapbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountrieswouldcontinuetowiden.

【答案】我在南方負責一項工程建設，任務完成之后，到香港度了兩個星期的假，昨天剛回來。

當他離開吋，他回過頭來看了她最后一眼。只見她站在門口，體態(tài)嬌小，面帶微笑，揮手向他告別。

只有在我過度勞累的吋候，在我長時間不間斷地工作的吋候，在我感到內(nèi)心空虛，需要充實的吋候，我才會感到寂寞。

他一時說不出話來了。

戲劇將脫胎換骨，變得更自由，更富想象力。

應該盡最大努力告誡年輕人，特別是上癮后的可怕后果。

太陽升升落落，月亮盈盈虧虧，夜空星光閃爍，無數(shù)歲月就這樣過去了，只是到人類出現(xiàn)以后，這些才被理解。

至今仍保存著許多素描，畫的是坐在路旁的農(nóng)民和在田間勞作的男女。

我們在20年內(nèi)坐視原料價格下跌與工業(yè)品價格暴漲。

聲明宣稱：國際經(jīng)濟秩序必須改變，否則發(fā)達國家與發(fā)展中國家之間的差距將繼續(xù)擴大。

22.單選題

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

問題1選項

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析。句意:證券交易所今早股價大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新獲得(所有權);recover恢復;restore恢復...存在或使用;revive恢復；復興,多指某國或某一區(qū)域經(jīng)濟蕭條后振興。因此這里選B合適。

23.單選題

Thegovernmentisexpectedtomakenewlegislationsto（）foreigninvestmentinrealestate.

問題1選項

A.manipulate

B.regulate

C.dominate

D.prevail

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項manipulate“操縱，操作”，B項regulate“調(diào)節(jié)，控制”，C項dominate“占優(yōu)勢，支配”，D項prevail表示“盛行，流行”。句意：預計政府將制定新的立法來規(guī)范外國在房地產(chǎn)領域的投資。因此B項正確。

24.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(46)Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.(47)Consideringthewholespanofearthlytime,theoppositeeffect,inwhichlifeactuallymodifiesitssurroundings,hasbeenrelativelyslight.Onlywithinthemomentoftimerepresentedbythepresentcenturyhasonespecies-man-acquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.

(48)Duringthepastquartercenturythispowerhasnotonlyincreasedtooneofdisturbingmagnitudebutithaschangedincharacter.Themostalarmingofallman’sassaultsupontheenvironmentisthecontaminationofair,earth,rivers,andseawithdangerousandevenlethalmaterials.Thispollutionisforthemostpartirrecoverable;thechainofevilitinitiatesnotonlyintheworldthatmustsupportlifebutinlivingtissuesisforthemostpartirreversible.(49)Inthisnowuniversalcontaminationoftheenvironment,chemicalsarethesinisterandlittle-recognizedpartnersofradiationinchangingtheverynatureoftheworld—theverynatureofitslife.Strontium90,releasedthroughnuclearexplosionsintotheair,comestoearthinrainordriftsdownasfallout,lodgesinsoil,entersintothegrassorcomorwheatgrownthere,andintimetakesupitsabodeinthebonesofahumanbeing,theretoremainuntilhisdeath.Similarly,chemicalssprayedoncroplandsorforestsorgardenslielonginsoil,enteringintolivingorganisms,passingfromonetoanotherinachainofpoisoninganddeath.Ortheypassmysteriouslybyundergroundstreamsuntiltheyemergeand,throughthealchemyofairandsunlight,combineintonewformsthatkillvegetation,sickencattle,andworkunknownharmonthosewhodrinkfromoncepurewells.(50)AsAlbertSchweitzerhassaid,“Mancanhardlyevenrecognizethedevilsofhisowncreation.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.地球上生命的歷史一直是生物及其周圍環(huán)境相互作用的歷史。

47.就地球時間的整個階段而言，生命改造環(huán)境的反作用實際上一直是相對微小的。

48.在過去的四分之一世紀里，這種力量不僅在數(shù)量上增長到了令人不安的程度，而且在性質(zhì)上也發(fā)生了變化。

49.在當今這種對環(huán)境的普遍污染中，在改變地球生命本質(zhì)的過程中，化學物質(zhì)起著有害作用，且鮮為人知，它們可以與放射性危害相提并論。

50.正如艾伯特?施韋策所說：“人類甚至難以辨認自己創(chuàng)造的惡魔”。

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