考研考博-英語(yǔ)-咸陽(yáng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-咸陽(yáng)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe（

）bythisdevice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fired

B.ignited

C.inspired

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。fire意為“射擊，開火”；ignite意為“燃燒，著火，點(diǎn)燃”；inspire意為“激勵(lì)，鼓舞”；expire意為“期滿”。

句意：洲際導(dǎo)彈的燃料應(yīng)該由這個(gè)裝置來(lái)點(diǎn)燃。

2.單選題

IarguedwithMortonuntiltheweehoursofthemorning,butheremained（

）inhisrefusaltofinancetheproject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subdued

B.generous

C.obstinate

D.courteous

【答案】C

【解析】subdued減弱的，被制服的；generous慷慨的，大方的；obstinate頑固的，倔強(qiáng)的；courteous有禮貌的，謙恭的。句意：我和Morton爭(zhēng)論到深夜，但他仍然固執(zhí)地拒絕資助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來(lái)完成時(shí)。句意：對(duì)太陽(yáng)系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來(lái)50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來(lái)完成時(shí)，在這里表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過(guò)去分詞（done），A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thepresidentialcandidate（

）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidated

B.intensified

C.enforced

D.enriched

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。consolidate“鞏固’；intensify“使加強(qiáng)”；enforce“實(shí)施”；enrich“使充實(shí)”。句意：這位總統(tǒng)候選人贏得了最初的機(jī)場(chǎng)選舉從而鞏固了自己的地位。

5.單選題

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（即should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形）知C項(xiàng)“l(fā)eave”正確。

6.單選題

7.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisabig-wavesurfer.

B.Heisatroublemaker.

C.Heisaniceguy.

D.Heisveryweird.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Joeisalwaystryingtomakewaves.

M:Right.Heisreallyajerk.

Q:WhatdothespeakersthinkofJoe?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：Heisreallyajerk(他是一個(gè)不折不扣的混蛋)。

7.單選題

Allpartsofthissewingmachineare（

）sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mechanized

B.minimized

C.modernized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。mechanize意為“使機(jī)械化”；minimize意為“使最小化，使減少到最低限度”；modernize意為“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize意為“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（或規(guī)格）”。

由itisverysimpletogetreplacements（替換很簡(jiǎn)單）可推測(cè)Allpartsofthissewingmachine（縫紉機(jī)的所有零部件）應(yīng)是“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件”，因此選D。

句意：這臺(tái)縫紉機(jī)的所有零件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的——所以很容易就能找到它們的替換件。

8.單選題

Ourprogramisdifferent（）itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekastheyincorporatetheinternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nowthat

B.inthat

C.incase

D.regardlessof

【答案】B

【解析】nowthat"既然";inthat"由于";incase"萬(wàn)一,假使";regardlessof"不管,不顧"。句意：我們的項(xiàng)目不同,它強(qiáng)調(diào)了商業(yè)和工業(yè)在將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)融入企業(yè)系統(tǒng)時(shí)所尋求的技術(shù)技能。前后為因果關(guān)系。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

9.單選題

Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.

In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.

ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.

MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.

1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?

2.Nursinghomes（）.

3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto（）elders.

4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis（）.

5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfeellonely.

B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.

C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.

D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare

B.helpkeepeldersyoung

C.aresetupfortrainingnurses

D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.collectmoneyfor

B.showconcernsfor

C.findhousesfor

D.educatepeopletohelp

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof

B.whereandhowelderslive

C.whoneedsmedicalcare

D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.liveinnursinghomes

B.travelmore

C.livewithyoungerpeople

D.dosomehousework

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致，正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不斷的醫(yī)療護(hù)理的老年人才應(yīng)該住進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院。也就是說(shuō)，養(yǎng)老院對(duì)需要持續(xù)醫(yī)療護(hù)理的老年人有益。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美國(guó)，教育年輕人和老年人關(guān)注老年人的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.”選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致，正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的三四句，MaggieKuhn鼓勵(lì)老人繼續(xù)住在自己的房子里，和年輕人生活在一起，有孩子在身邊是很重要的。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

10.單選題

The_______actionofthepolicemensavedthepeopleinthehousefrombeingburnt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supreme

B.significant

C.prompt

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】supreme最高的,至高的;significant重大的,有意義的;prompt及時(shí)的,迅速的;vital至關(guān)重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施,使得房子里的人免于燒傷。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger（）accordingtotheweather.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaluated

B.converted

C.fluctuated

D.modified

【答案】C

【解析】evaluated評(píng)估，估價(jià)；converted轉(zhuǎn)變，改變；fluctuated波動(dòng)；modified修改。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝税l(fā)現(xiàn)蔬菜的價(jià)格不再隨天氣而波動(dòng)，感到非常高興和驚訝。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlifeandworkingfrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween“flightorfight”andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseshaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives—itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimetorelaxthemselvesbecause______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Inparagraph2,“suchareaction”refersbackto______.

5.Inthelastsentenceofthearticle,“doso”refersto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

B.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

C.theyaretravelingfastallthetime

D.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.notfearingstress

B.knowingtheartofrelaxation

C.highsenseofresponsibility

D.havingcontroloverperformance

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wecanfindsomewaystoremovestress.

B.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople.

C.Itiseasytochangethehabitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

D.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountofstress.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.“makingachoicebetween?flightorfight'”

B.“reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically”

C.“respondingtocrisesquickly”

D.“l(fā)osingheartatthesignsofdifficulties”

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.“exposeourselvestostress”

B.“findwaystodealwithstress”

C.“removestressfromourlives”

D.“establishlinksbetweendiseasesandstress”

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlifeandworkingfrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.”，可知因?yàn)槊τ诠ぷ?，所以生活很難慢下來(lái)，也就沒有時(shí)間放松自我。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.”，可是不怕壓力是作為一個(gè)管理者的主要品質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.”，一個(gè)人能承受的壓力是因人而異的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.”，可知當(dāng)面對(duì)各種形式的壓力時(shí)，我們會(huì)產(chǎn)生生理和化學(xué)反應(yīng)，所以下文的reaction就是指這種反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives—itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,”，可知我們不能消除生活中的壓力，即使可以這樣做，也是不明智。所以這里是指消除壓力這件事。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.Whichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesin

Americancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto_______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’'scompetitionadvantageis_______.

5.WhatisthemainideaofthePassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskill.

B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’'ownbusiness.

C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologicareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.topexecutives

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

B.theimprovementofworkers’'basicskills

C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’'shierarchy.

D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是哪一個(gè)符合美國(guó)公司的人力資源管理?？啥ㄎ坏轿恼率锥沃械牡诙?，本句提到美國(guó)的人力資源管理“isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates”。第三句說(shuō)到“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility”，技能獲取被認(rèn)為是一種個(gè)人責(zé)任，與B選項(xiàng)“他們把技能的獲得看作是員工自己的事”符合，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們以最低成本雇傭員工，而不考慮他們的技能”來(lái)自第四句“Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment”，可知?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力與原材料或設(shè)備一樣，只是以盡可能低的成本租用，但本句并未提到忽視員工技能這一點(diǎn)，可排除；C和D選項(xiàng)在原文中未提及，可排除?！癓aborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysmaterialsorequipment.”，這句話的意思是美國(guó)的企業(yè)是以最低的成本去雇傭勞動(dòng)力，就跟購(gòu)置材料和設(shè)備一樣。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C以及選項(xiàng)D的說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，而選項(xiàng)B原文并沒有提及，為無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。因此，答案為A。

2.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是人力資源管理管理負(fù)責(zé)人在美國(guó)的企業(yè)中的地位，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theheadofhuman-resourcemanagement”定位到原文第一段的“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.，TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).”可得知，人力資源管理者處理企業(yè)中的邊緣位置，在做重大決策前，從來(lái)沒有人會(huì)咨詢?nèi)肆Y源管理者。因此，答案為選項(xiàng)D。

3.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是美國(guó)的企業(yè)用于培訓(xùn)的資金主要在哪個(gè)方面。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞training、money定位到原文第二段的“Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.”，因此答案為選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A和C,，根據(jù)原文中的“Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.”可得知，美國(guó)企業(yè)在缺乏基本技能以及能操作新設(shè)備的員工培訓(xùn)方面花費(fèi)的資金非常少。選項(xiàng)D原文并沒有提及，為無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。因此，答案為B。

4.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是保持公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)的決定性因素是什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞decisivefactor,competitionadvantage定位到文章首句，“Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.”可推斷出員工技能對(duì)于公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)很重要。因此，正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A新工藝的引進(jìn)，文章雖然有提到，但并無(wú)依據(jù)表明它可以保持公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)C文章并沒有提及，為無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D文章末尾雖有提到bottomhalf的群體技能可能會(huì)影響優(yōu)勢(shì)群體的工資，但與公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力優(yōu)勢(shì)并無(wú)關(guān)系。

5.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文的主題是什么，從文章首段首句可知，如果可持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)取決于員工的技能，那么美國(guó)企業(yè)是有問(wèn)題的，下文也有提到美國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)于人力資源管理缺乏重視，從而影響了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。由此可知，答案為選項(xiàng)D。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)的是美國(guó)的人力資源管理和日本、德國(guó)是不同的，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法都符合原文，但比較片面不足以概括全文。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)的是廣泛的再培訓(xùn)對(duì)于有效的人力資源管理來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的，這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法都符合原文，但比較片面不足以概括全文；選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)的是“人力資源管理的主管必須處于公司級(jí)別的中心位置”，說(shuō)法太過(guò)于絕對(duì)。

14.單選題

WhentheU.N.CommissionontheStatusofWomen(CSW)helditsinauguralmeetinginLondonbackin1946,theU.S.delegate,EleanorRoosevelt,readanopenlettertothewomenoftheworldcallingongovernmentstoencouragewomeneverywheretoparticipateinnationalandinternationalaffairs.Theletteralsourgedwomenwhoareconsciousoftheiropportunitiestocomeforwardandshareintheworkofpeaceandreconstructionastheydidinwarandresistance.

But66yearslater,theworldwidestruggleforgenderequalityandgenderempowermentcontinuesunabated——evenaswomenfindthemselvesdiscriminatedagainst,andvictimsofviolence,bothathomeandonthebattlefield.

AsIndia'sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsAmbassadorHardeepSinghPuritoldtheSecurityCouncilonFebruary23,2012,closeto90percentofcurrentcasualtiesinwarsandsituationsofarmedconflictarecivilians,withthemajoritybeingwomenandchildren.

Obviously,womenbearadisproportionatelylargeshareoftheburdenofconflict,buthaveamarginalsayinmattersofwarandpeace,hesaid,pointingouttheirony.Thisisperhapsafunctionofthegenderimbalanceinoursocieties,reflectedinpositionsofpowerandinfluence,headded.

Despitethis,Puffargued,womenshouldnotbeviewedsolelyasvictimsofwar.Theyalsohavetoassumethekeyroleofensuringfamilylivelihoodsinthemidstofchaosanddestruction,andareparticularlyactiveinthepeacemovementsatthegrassrootslevelandcultivatingpeacewithintheircommunities.

Therefore,theabsenceofwomenatthepeacenegotiatingtableisunconscionable,declaredPuri,asheimplicitlycriticizedthefactthatpeacenegotiatorsareoverwhelminglymale.

YasmeenHassan,globaldirectorattheNewYorkbasedEqualityNow,saidthateconomicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.

Similarly,shepointedout,Warandlackofsecurityleadtoacurtailmentofwomen'srights.Thedevelopingworldhasseenalotmoreinstability——economic,political,social——thathasoftenbeenexacerbatedbyconflicts,bothinternalandcrossborder,thatposethebiggestbarrierstogenderequality.

“Instabilityandconflictsalsomakewomen'srightsactivismdifficultaswomenmaybecomedividedonissuesofnationalorigin,raceandclass,”sheadded.

A10-daymeetingofthe45-memberCSW,beginningFebruary28,2012,willfocusonanotherbattlefrom:theempowermentofruralwomenandtheirroleinpovertyandhungereradicationandsustainabledevelopment.

Accordingtothenewly-createdU.N.Women,ruralwomenconstituteone-fourthoftheWorld'spopulationofsevenbillionpeople.Still,onlyfivepercentofagriculturalextensionservicesareprovidedforwomenfarmers,andinruralsub-SaharanAfrica,womenholdlessthan10percentofthecreditavailabletosmallholderagriculture.

“Ifruralwomenhadequalaccesstoproductiveresources,agriculturalyieldscouldreducethenumberofchronicallyhungrypeoplebybetween100and150million,”saysUNWomen.

Askedaboutthekeyachievementsongenderempowermentinthelastfiveto10years,Hassansaid.“Everyoneagreesthatitisanissuethathastobeputontheagenda——women'sempowermenthascometobeseenasessentialfordevelopmentand,moreimportantlyincurrenttimes,forbuildingpeace.”

Shesaidtheshacklesofcultureandreligion,thoughstillbindingwomenmuchmoreharshlythanmen,havecometobeseen——atleastinternationally——asnotinevitableandinfactbreakable.

GigiFrancisco,thePhilippines——basedgeneralcoordinatorofDevelopmentAlternativeswithwomenforaNewEra(DAWN),saidthatamidstthebackdropofuncertaintimesforeconomiesworldwideandre-commitmentsmadebytheinternationalcommunitytoendingpovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment,thereisamoredeliberatefocusonordinarywomen'srolesinproductionandconsumptionacrosstheeconomicsouth.

Byrelievingwomen'spracticalburdenslinkedtotheirgenderroles,itisassumedthatwomenandtheirfamilieswillbecomemoreefficientinaccessinganddistributingresourcesthatwouldeventuallyredoundtosomedegreeofempowerment,shesaid.

Atthesametime,Franciscopointedout,whenwomenbecomemoreefficientinperformingtheirroles,therestofthesocietyandtheentireeconomybenefit.

Focusingontheissuesandconcernsofgrassrootswomenistherightthingtodo.“Howeverwhatisfundamentallywrongwiththisapproachisthatwithoutawomen'srightsperspectivethefocusonefficiencyconfersentitlementstopoorwomensolelyonthebasisoftheirlabor,”sheadded.

Aswell,theapproachdoesnotleadtoanytransformationoftheexistinggenderdivisionoflaborthatpositionswomeninasubordinatedwaywithinfamiliesandsocieties,sheadded.Andbeinglesspoordoesnotmeanthatthegendergaphadbecomelessunequal.

Askedaboutgenderprogress,Franciscosaidthattheriseinthenumberofwomenenteringofficialpositionsofpowerandauthorityatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevelsisamajorachievementinonekeyaspectofgenderequality.

ThisisundoubtedlyaclearfollowthroughonobligationssetintheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)andthe1995BeijingPlatformforAction(BPFA)adoptedattheFourthWorldConferenceonWomeninChina.

Whileinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequalityhaveprovidedtheframeworkinprogressivelyrealizinggenderbalanceinpoliticalreforms,changescouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheactionsbywomen'srightsadvocatesandmovementsthatpushedgenderequalityissuestotherealmofpublicdeliberationsandresistances.

“Incelebratingwomenwhoareinpositionsofpower,wemustrememberthatfirstly,thesituationforwomenleadersacrossandwithincountriesconsiderablyvary,”Franciscosaid.

Secondly,thatgains,eventhecelebratedones,maybetransientandseriouslythreatenedbyahostofneo-conservativereactionsthatemergefromsimultaneousupheavalsanduncertainties,andthirdly,powerfulwomenwillneedtobeassessednotintermsofhowlongtheyremainaspostergirlsforgenderequalitybutintermsoftheirconcretecontributionstoensuringthattherightsandwell-beingofordinarywomenaresecuredandpromoted.

“Andthattheprocessesofgovernanceatalllevelsremainaccountabletowomen'srightsorganizationsandmovements,”shesaid.

Relatedtothis,shesaid,isabigchallengethatUNWomennowhastoface:howitwillworkoutitsmechanismsandprocessesofpartnershipwithandaccountabilitytothewomen'smovementsinatransparentandconsultativeway.

Themainmessageofthispassageisthatwomentodayhavemadeextraordinaryprogressinattainingtherightstoparticipatingnationalandinternationalaffairs,forwhichtheirdeathtollinwarsandconflictishigherthanmen's.

Instability,risingfundamentalismcauseachallengetogenderequality.

Theroleofruralwomenineradicatingpovertyandhungerhasbeenfullyrealized.

Onekeyprogressingenderequalityisthatmorewomentodayattainofficialpositionsofpowerandauthority.

Theauthorofthispassagebelievesthatgenderbalancecanbefullyachievedaftertheestablishmentoftheframeworkofinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.前后不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,所以表述不正確。

2.根據(jù)第七段“economicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.”經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退帶來(lái)的是原教旨主義的抬頭,以及對(duì)實(shí)踐和信仰的執(zhí)著,這對(duì)性別平等構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知,對(duì)性別平等構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)的源頭是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,所以本句表述錯(cuò)誤。

3.根據(jù)原文第十一段“ruralwomenconstitute...areprovidedforwomenfarmers.”世界70億人口中,農(nóng)村婦女占四分之一,只有5%的農(nóng)業(yè)推廣服務(wù)是為女性農(nóng)民提供的。由此可推斷,農(nóng)村婦女在消除貧困和饑餓方面的作用并沒有得到充分發(fā)揮。所以本句表述錯(cuò)誤。

4.本句與原文倒數(shù)第七段描述一致,所以表述正確。

5.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第五段可知,雖然性別平等的體制安排和機(jī)制為政治改革逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平衡提供了框架,但如果沒有婦女權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者和運(yùn)動(dòng)的行動(dòng),就不可能發(fā)生變化,這些行動(dòng)把性別平等問(wèn)題推到公眾審議和抵制的領(lǐng)域。由此可知,在建立性別平等的制度安排和機(jī)制框架之后,如果沒有實(shí)際的行動(dòng),是無(wú)法充分實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平等的。所以表述錯(cuò)誤。

15.單選題

Thesearesignsthatthepresidencywillattempttoputenvironmentalissuesonhighits（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.legislation

B.trend

C.mainstream

D.agenda

【答案】D

【解析】legislation立法，法律；trend趨勢(shì)，傾向；mainstream主流；agenda議程，日程表。句意：這些跡象表明，總統(tǒng)將試圖把環(huán)境問(wèn)題提上議程。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

16.單選題

Thetheoryputforwardbyafamousscholarataninternationalconferencecontradictsthe（）principlesofthesphereofarchitecture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.precise

C.appropriate

D.proper

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:particular“專指的，特指的”；B:precise“清晰的；精確的；精細(xì)的”；C:appropriate“適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；D:proper“境界；限度；范圍”。句意：—位著名學(xué)者在一次國(guó)際會(huì)議上提出的理論與建筑領(lǐng)域的特定原則相矛盾。被修飾的名詞為“principles原理”，因此可知A為正確答案。

17.單選題

Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances（

）thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mayweuse

B.wemayuse

C.wecoulduse

D.didweuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。undernocircumstances后面要用部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞提前至主語(yǔ)前面，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

Becomingawareofourmother’sage,notjustinnumbersofyearsbut________herpsychologicalandphysicalstate,oftenhelpsustounderstandherbetter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管；不管，不顧”；B選項(xiàng)onaccountof“由于；因?yàn)?；為了……的緣故”；C選項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)；按照；在……方面；以……措詞”；D選項(xiàng)bymeansof“用，依靠”。句意：意識(shí)到我們的母親的年齡，不僅僅在年紀(jì)的數(shù)字上，而且（）她的身心狀態(tài)，常常有助于我們更好地理解母親。從“innumbersofyears”（在年齡數(shù)字方面）這里可知后面指的是“在其身心狀態(tài)方面”，所以答案選C。

19.單選題

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotecte