考研考博-英語-寧夏師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧夏師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheSmithswentintothedepartmentstoretobuythings,leavingtheircar’sengine（）over.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ticking

B.tumbling

C.turning

D.running

【答案】C

【解析】tickover進(jìn)展緩慢；tumbleover打翻；turnover發(fā)動(dòng)；runover復(fù)查。句意：史密斯一家到百貨公司購物，沒有關(guān)掉車的引擎。也就是說車的引擎還發(fā)動(dòng)著，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問在北美哪里可以找到許多最好的恐龍標(biāo)本？錄音中提到，如今可以在美國和加拿大一些大城市的自然歷史博物館里看到許多最好的標(biāo)本，因此D選項(xiàng)“大城市的自然歷史博物館”與錄音原文一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“地勢(shì)低洼的科羅拉多河沿岸”；B選項(xiàng)“國家恐龍紀(jì)念遺址”；錄音開頭提到，美國猶他州和科羅拉多州是恐龍骨骼的發(fā)掘地，如今被稱為DinosaurNationalMonument，并不是標(biāo)本保存的地方，因此A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)均可排除；C選項(xiàng)“美國和加拿大的邊界沿線”，錄音中提到了美國和加拿大，但并未提到邊界，因此不正確。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問很多人看到坑壁里巨大的骨骼時(shí)會(huì)想到什么？錄音中提到，許多人看到巨坑中的恐龍骨骼，認(rèn)為是一些自然災(zāi)害使得一大群的恐龍?jiān)嵘碓谶@片區(qū)域，B選項(xiàng)“一些自然災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)一群恐龍死亡”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“火山爆發(fā)使得整個(gè)動(dòng)物群滅絕”和D選項(xiàng)“整片地區(qū)一定是被洪流淹沒的”表述過于絕對(duì)，錄音中均沒有明確的信息可以證明，因此可排除；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)巨坑應(yīng)該小心保存下來用作恐龍研究”在錄音中未提及，因此不選。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestaboutthelargenumberofdinosaurbonesfoundinthepit?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問說話人對(duì)于在巨坑中發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量恐龍骨骼有什么看法？錄音中提到，大部分遺骸可能是順著河流向東漂流而下，最后留在了一個(gè)淺灘上。A選項(xiàng)“它們順著河流向東漂流而下”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它們被深埋在沙子里達(dá)數(shù)百萬年之久”和C選項(xiàng)“它們是棲息在當(dāng)?shù)氐目铸埖墓趋馈痹阡浺糁胁]有提及；D選項(xiàng)“它們是死于火山噴發(fā)的恐龍的遺骸”最具有干擾性，主要是利用錄音中的volcanicexplosion設(shè)置干擾，錄音中雖然明確提及火山噴發(fā)可能造成大群恐龍死于巨坑之中是其他人的觀點(diǎn)，并不是說話人的觀點(diǎn)，因此可排除。

3.單選題

Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhibits

B.loosens

C.hastens

D.triggers

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.inhibits抑制；禁止B.loosens放松；松開

C.hastens加速；催化D.triggers引發(fā)；觸發(fā)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由本句句意可知破壞細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)可以“阻止”蛀牙，所以A選項(xiàng)“抑制，禁止”符合題意。劃線單詞deters“阻止”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。

【句意】氟化物通過減少破壞牙釉質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)來阻止蛀牙。

4.單選題

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.

TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.

OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.

OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.

ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means（）.

3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich（）.

4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat（）.

5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.separated

B.distinguished

C.revealed

D.madeknown

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture

C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions

B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify

D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toescapediscrimination

B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

D.forreligiousreasons

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨題。原文第一段第一句指出美國是一個(gè)由許多不同種族組成的國家，由此引出種族歧視，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的種族都幫助美國成為一個(gè)偉大的國家。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意，通常它們是混合在一起的，無法區(qū)分。由此可推測(cè)，told指無法區(qū)分的，選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”幾乎每一個(gè)群體最終都能擺脫這種歧視。說明每個(gè)種族都曾經(jīng)歷過歧視，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧視的一個(gè)原因是他們一直努力保持自己的身份。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。本題容易錯(cuò)選A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷蘭人由于宗教原因與其他種族分開，而不是印第安人，所以不正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasons...”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.單選題

HecameallthewaytoChinaforpromotingfriendship（

）formakingmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.otherthan

B.betterthan

C.morethan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項(xiàng)otherthan“除了，不同于”；B選項(xiàng)betterthan“比……更好”；C選項(xiàng)morethan“比……多”；D選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是，寧可”?？崭癫糠忠钊胍粋€(gè)短語連接前后短語形成對(duì)比，前面的意思是“forpromotingfriendship為了增進(jìn)友誼”和后面“formakingmoney為了賺錢”表示不同的目的，句意為：他一路跋涉來到中國是為了友誼而不是賺錢。故這里選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pertinent“相關(guān)的，相干的”，B項(xiàng)appropriate“適當(dāng)?shù)模‘?dāng)?shù)摹?，C項(xiàng)acute“嚴(yán)重的，急性的”，D項(xiàng)persistent“固執(zhí)的，堅(jiān)持的”。根據(jù)句子意思“對(duì)許多病人來說，機(jī)構(gòu)護(hù)理是……和最有益的護(hù)理形式”可知，空格處填入B項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：對(duì)許多病人來說，機(jī)構(gòu)護(hù)理是最合適和最有益的護(hù)理形式。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Adealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide一thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat（1）doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessinvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positive（2）thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Actually,therearereasonstobe（3）.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore（4）,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential（5）thereare.Moreandmoreenterprises,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft（6）,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor（7）worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave,butithasbigpotential.

To（8）advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices（9）respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof（10）(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—concerningroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.divide

B.information

C.world

D.lecture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.forces

B.obstacles

C.events

D.surprises

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.pleasant

D.disappointed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.centralized

C.realized

D.commercialized

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.users

B.producers

C.customers

D.citizens

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.for

C.aside

D.behind

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.containing

B.preventing

C.keeping

D.combating

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.bring

B.keep

C.hold

D.take

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.with

C.of

D.for

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.construction

B.facility

C.infrastructure

D.institution

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】（1）文中指示代詞that指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞，中心詞為前面出現(xiàn)的so-calleddigitaldivide，divide為中心詞。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（2）根據(jù)上下文語境。根據(jù)positive可以判斷出，被修飾的單詞應(yīng)該是具有積極意義的名詞。根據(jù)語境單詞force最為合適。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）根據(jù)上下文語境。第一段主要是講的存在一種力量可以抵抗數(shù)字化鴻溝，第二段的首句就提到了一些技術(shù)因素可以使數(shù)字鴻溝不斷窄化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）根據(jù)上下文語境。根據(jù)下文提到的theinterestofbusiness可以推測(cè)出，應(yīng)該有商業(yè)化的意思，所以單詞commercialized最為合適，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）根據(jù)上下文語境。文章一直在討論“商業(yè)化”、“貿(mào)易這些話題”，所以空格中應(yīng)該填入與之相關(guān)的詞匯，customer最符合語境，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考查短語的固定搭配。短語leavebehind“落后”，句意：企業(yè)擔(dān)心自己的國家會(huì)落后。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。單詞combat意思為“反對(duì)，與……戰(zhàn)斗”，最符合語境，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（8）考查短語的固定搭配。takeadvantageof意思為“利用”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（9）考查短語的固定搭配。withrespectto“關(guān)于，至于”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（10）考查單詞釋義理解。括號(hào)中的釋義為“社會(huì)基本建筑基礎(chǔ)”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.翻譯題

Virtualhighschools,whichallowstudentstotakeclassesviaPC,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative,particularlyforon-the-goathletes.UniversityofMiamiOnlineHighSchool(UMOHS)hasmorethan400studentsenrolled,56%ofwhomareathletes.Accreditedbythe100-year-oldSouthernAssociationofCollegesandSchools,UMOHSoffershonorsandadvanced-placementclasses.Allcoursematerialisonlinealongwithassignmentsandduedates.Forhelp,saysprincipalHowardLiebman,“Astudentmaye-mail,instantmessageorcalltheteacher.”

Dallas'momLoriBannonturnedtoanotheronlineschool.LaurelSpringsinOjai,Calif,Bannon,WhohasamedicaldegreefromHarvard,didn’twanttocompromisetheeducationofherdaughterLindsay,13,anelitegymnastwhospendseighthoursadayinthegym.“Regularschoolwasnotanoption,”saysBannon,“butIwantedtomakesureshecouldgobackatgradelevelifshequitgymnastics.”LaurelSprings'enrollmenthasincreased35%ayearforthepastfouryearsto1,800students.Atleast25%areeitherathletesorchildentertainers.

Educatorsaresplitonthemeritsofsuchschools.PaulOrehovec,anenrollmentofficerfortheUniversityofMiami,admits,“Iwassomewhatofaskeptic,butwhenIlookedintotheirprogramsandaccreditation,Iwasexcited.UMOHSisthefirstonlineschooltobegrantedmembershipintheNationalHonorSociety.”KevinRoy,Elite’sdirectorofeducation,seespitfallsandpotentialinvirtualschools.“Youwillneverhavethatwonderfulteacherwhoinspiresyouforlife,”saysRoy.“Butthevirtualschooloffersendlesspossibilities.Idon’tknowwhereeducation’simaginationwilltakethis.”

【答案】虛擬高中允許學(xué)生通過電腦上學(xué)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)日漸流行的教育方式，那些忙碌的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們尤其鐘愛這種選擇。邁阿密網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校已招收400多名學(xué)生，其中56%是運(yùn)動(dòng)員。該校已獲得擁有100年歷史的南部大學(xué)和中學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)，提供榮譽(yù)和預(yù)修課程，授課過程與作業(yè)練習(xí)都在線上進(jìn)行，并標(biāo)注截止時(shí)間。校長(zhǎng)霍華德·利伯曼說，如果需要幫助，學(xué)生可以通過電子郵件，即時(shí)短信或電話聯(lián)系老師。

達(dá)拉斯的母親洛麗·班農(nóng)選擇了另一所網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)?！又輮W凱市的勞雷爾·斯普林斯。班農(nóng)擁有哈佛大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位，她不想讓自己13歲的女兒林賽的教育受到影響。林賽是一名優(yōu)秀的體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員，她每天在體育館要待上8個(gè)小時(shí)。班農(nóng)說:“我并非想讓她接受常規(guī)學(xué)校教育，我只是想確保她在結(jié)束體操生涯后能跟上正常的學(xué)習(xí)?！痹谶^去四年，勞雷爾·斯普林斯的入學(xué)率年增長(zhǎng)為35%，學(xué)生人數(shù)達(dá)到了1800。其中至少25%的學(xué)生是運(yùn)動(dòng)員或演員。

教育工作者對(duì)這些學(xué)校的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)看法不一。邁阿密網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校的招生官保羅·奧赫維克承認(rèn)，“對(duì)此我曾經(jīng)有點(diǎn)懷疑。但當(dāng)我查看他們的項(xiàng)目和資格認(rèn)證時(shí)，我很興奮。邁阿密網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校是第一所被授予國家榮譽(yù)協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員資格的網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校?！本⒔逃偙O(jiān)教育主管凱文?羅伊看到了虛擬學(xué)校的缺陷和潛力。羅伊說:“你永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)有一個(gè)能激勵(lì)你一生的好老師。但虛擬學(xué)校提供了無限的可能性。我不知道教育的想象力會(huì)把這種可能性發(fā)揮到哪種地步。”

9.單選題

Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.

Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.

Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.

Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.

Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.

1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat（

）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?

3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair

（

）.

4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumn

B.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunits

C.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.

D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.

B.Thecommonfiberaxis.

C.TheX-rayevidence.

D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroup

B.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidine

C.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurines

D.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNA

B.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorder

C.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregular

D.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一個(gè)非常長(zhǎng)的鏈條，其支柱由糖和磷酸基有規(guī)律的交替組合構(gòu)成。與第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我們?nèi)祟惖腄NA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有規(guī)律的，不過成對(duì)的含氮堿基的任何排序都可以納入該結(jié)構(gòu)?？芍cB選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物學(xué)研究方面我們?nèi)祟怐NA結(jié)構(gòu)令人感興趣的第一個(gè)特征是它由兩個(gè)鏈條而不是一個(gè)鏈條組成?？芍cA項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。

3.判斷推理題。從第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”這些堿基成對(duì)地聯(lián)結(jié)在一起，一條鏈上的一個(gè)堿基與另一條鏈上的一個(gè)堿基氫鍵連接。重要的一點(diǎn)是，只有某些對(duì)堿基才能適合這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。一對(duì)中的一個(gè)成員必須是嘌呤，另一個(gè)是嘧啶，以架起兩個(gè)鏈之間的溝通橋梁。可知B項(xiàng)“由嘌呤和嘧啶組成的比一對(duì)嘧啶大”正確。

4.推理判斷題。A項(xiàng)“證實(shí)大多數(shù)DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”；B項(xiàng)“反對(duì)這樣一種說法，即沿著鏈的堿基序列可以以任何順序出現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)“支持作者模型的磷酸鹽-糖骨架是完全規(guī)則的這一說法”；D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)一條DNA鏈?zhǔn)侨绾卧贒NA復(fù)制過程中作為模板被復(fù)制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是這種特征表明脫氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）可以自我復(fù)制?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thearchaeologist（

）thatthevasewas3500yearsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.utilized

B.upheld

C.estimated

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。utilized“利用”；upheld“堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)”；estimated“估計(jì)”；sustained“維持”。句意：考古學(xué)家估計(jì)這個(gè)花瓶有3500年的歷史了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abstain“棄權(quán)；避免”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“節(jié)制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)restrain“抑制；約束；制止”；D選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。與“好奇心”搭配時(shí)選用C選項(xiàng)“抑制”更合適。

12.單選題

Californiahasmorelightthanitknow________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.where

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：加利福尼亞只有陽光多得不知怎么處理，而其余所有東西都很貴。分析句子成分than作連詞連接兩個(gè)句子，第二個(gè)句子it指代加州，know作謂語，后面接的是賓語。

13.單選題

It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.taking

B.totake

C.take

D.taken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：很容易會(huì)把人們對(duì)話的減少怪罪在當(dāng)代生活的快節(jié)奏和發(fā)生在我們這個(gè)不斷變化的世界里的難以言說的變化。句子中連詞連接兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，沒有從句引導(dǎo)詞，因此我們得用非謂語，排除C選項(xiàng)。這些變化是一直在發(fā)生的，所以我們要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，所以答案選A。

14.單選題

Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.facing

C.advancing

D.oncoming

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)meeting“會(huì)面，會(huì)合”；B選項(xiàng)facing“面朝的，對(duì)面的”；C選項(xiàng)advancing“前進(jìn)的，年長(zhǎng)的”；D選項(xiàng)oncoming“接近的，迎面而來的”。句意：為了不使迎面而來的車輛眼花繚亂，你應(yīng)該把燈調(diào)暗。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

15.單選題

Sometimesartistsfindithardfortheirworktowinpopular（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.welcome

B.applause

C.appetite

D.appreciation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎”；B選項(xiàng)applause“歡呼，喝彩”；C選項(xiàng)appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”。句意：有時(shí)候，藝術(shù)家發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的作品很難贏得大眾的欣賞。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

16.單選題

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：盡管有好幾百張?jiān)嚲?但我可以毫不猶豫地找出他的試卷,因?yàn)樗墓P跡很獨(dú)特。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

17.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“界定現(xiàn)代主義者對(duì)藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”；B選項(xiàng)解釋攝影是如何作為美術(shù)出現(xiàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)“說明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影家對(duì)攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把他們這些態(tài)度放在歷史的進(jìn)程來觀察?！?；D選項(xiàng)“界定當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅攝影家對(duì)待他們的藝術(shù)所具有的各種觀點(diǎn)，并判定每種觀點(diǎn)的價(jià)值”，根據(jù)文章大意可知最能概括文章中作者的主要思想的是D選項(xiàng)。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism;thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetrad