考研考博-英語-安慶職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安慶職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)asaresult“結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)considering“考慮到……”；C選項(xiàng)whatever“無論什么，不管怎樣”；D選項(xiàng)onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物體，不論其獨(dú)特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化學(xué)和物理特性。根據(jù)句意，可以看出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentleadersaremakingeveryeffortto（

）theproblemofpoverty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolish

B.tackle

C.remove

D.encounter

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。abolish意“廢除，廢止(法律、制度、習(xí)俗等)”；tackle意為“處理，解決(難題或局面)”；remove意為“移開，拿走”；encounter意為“遭遇，偶遇”。“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人努力解決問題”更符合邏輯，因此選B。

句意：地方政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在盡一切努力解決貧困問題。

3.單選題

Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.HighestinNewEnglandandNorthCarolina,thisbroadsystemcoversmorethan1,200milestoformtherockybackboneoftheeasternUnitedStates.

TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.Theybeginasanarrow,lowridgeinPennsylvania,thenslowlyspreadandriseuntiltheyreachtheheightof5,938feetatmajesticGrandfatherMountaininNorthCarolina.TheBlueRidgetechnicallyincludesamongitsmajorspurstheGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains;MountMitchell,inthelatterrange,isat6,684feetthehighestpeakeastoftheMississippiRiver.LiketherestoftheAppalachians,thesemountainswereoncesubstantiallyhigherandbolder.Theirupliftwascompletedsome289millionyearsago,andtheyhavebeendrasticallyerodedeversince.Atonetime,immensecontinentalglacierscoveredthelandasfarsouthasPennsylvania.AlthoughtheydidnotspreadovertheBlueRidge,plantsandanimalsfarbeyondtheirreachbecameadaptedtothecold.Whentheclimatewarmedandtheicemelted,thecold-adaptedspeciesretreatednorthward,survivinginthesouthonlyathigher,coolerelevations.

RedSprucesandFraserfirsareremnantsoftheIceAge,thrivinginthehigherelevationsoftheBlueRidge;andlocalbelches,birches,andredoaksaretypicalofforestsfarthertothenorth.Sharingthehighpeaksisanotherdistinctiveplantcommunity.Thisisthe"bald"一atreelessareacoveredwithgrass,ormorecommonly,withbroad-leavedshrubs.Oftenlargeandvigorous,thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron,anevergreenshrubthatblossomsinJuneandcreatessomeofthemostspectacularwildgardensonEarth.

1.ThesouthernmostpointoftheAppalachianMountainsisin（）

2.Theexpression"thelatterrange"inparagraphtworefersto（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,themeltingofglacierscausedsomeplantspeciesto（）

4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingasplantsthatcanbefoundina"bald"EXCEPT（）

5.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionwhathashappenedtothedevelopmentofthemountainssincetheyreachedtheirhighestpoint?

6.Accordingtothepassage,a615-mileexpanseoftheAppalachiansisknownas（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Quebec

B.NewEngland

C.Alabama

D.NorthCarolina

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Appalachians

B.theBlackMountains-

C.theGreatSmokyMountains

D.GrandfatherMountain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adapttotheheat

B.dieout

C.growbiggerandstronger

D.movenorthward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mountainlaurel

B.huckleberries

C.redoaks

D.rhododendron

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThesecondsentenceofParagraphOne.

B.Thelatterhalfofthesecondparagraph.

C.ThefirsttwosentencesofParagraphTwo.

D.ThewholeParagraphTwo.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.theBlueRidgeMountains

B.GrandfatherMountain

C.theBlackMountains

D.theGreatSmokyMountains

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“theAppalachianMountains”定位到第一段首句“Famedfortheirhigh-elevationforests,theAppalachianMountainssweepsouthfromQuebectoAlabama.”阿巴拉契亞山脈以其高海拔森林而聞名，從魁北克省一直向南延伸到阿拉巴馬州。所以阿巴拉契亞山脈的最南端為Alabama。

第2題:語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段的第三句，thelatterrange指后一范圍內(nèi)的。前面提到了theGreatSmokyMountainsandtheBlackMountains，所以這里指后者theBlackMountains。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句：當(dāng)氣候變暖，冰融化時，適應(yīng)寒冷的物種向北撤退，只在海拔更高、更冷的南方生存。適應(yīng)寒冷的物種即上一句提到的植物和動物，所以本題選D。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"bald"定位到原文最后一段的最后兩句“...thelatterincludehuckleberries,mountainlaurel,andmostespecially,rhododendron”，只有選項(xiàng)C沒有提及。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是自從山脈達(dá)到最頂峰之后，有一些什么發(fā)展。文中在第二段的后半部分提到，山脈的隆起大約是在2.89億年前完成的，從那以后就遭到了嚴(yán)重的侵蝕。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第6題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞615-mile定位到原文第二段的第一句“TheBlueRidgeMountainsformasubstantialpart,615miles,ofthefar-reachingAppalachians.”藍(lán)嶺山脈是阿巴拉契亞山脈的重要組成部分，綿延615英里。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

（

）thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshops

B.Sofrequentlytheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsdo

C.Sofrequentlydidtheguidetakethemtoluxuriousshops

D.Sotheguidetookthemtoluxuriousshopsfrequently

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。本題考查結(jié)果狀語從句中的倒裝用法。在“so/such…that...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，so和such連同它所修飾成分置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。主句需要倒裝；根據(jù)句子后面的結(jié)構(gòu)“thatmanytravelerscomplainedtothetravelagency.”可知前面是so引導(dǎo)的主句，需要采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句意為：導(dǎo)游帶游客去奢侈品商店太頻繁，以至于許多游客向旅行社投訴。故正確答案選C。

5.單選題

Whileit’struethattechniquesofactivelisteningcan（）thevalueoflecture,fewstudentspossesssuchskillsatthebeginningoftheircollegecareers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.enlarge

C.access

D.exaggerate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。enhance“提高，加強(qiáng)，增加”；enlarge“擴(kuò)大，增大”；access“使用；存??；接近”；exaggerate“夸張”。句意：積極傾聽能夠提高演講的價值，但是很少有大學(xué)生在入學(xué)之初就有這樣的技能。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Beforeturningtowriting,Ispenteightyearsasalawyer______abouthowlifewouldbewithaprominentfatherblazingmytrail.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasizing

B.fascinating

C.facilitating

D.finalizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fantasizing“想象，幻想”；B選項(xiàng)fascinating“使著迷”；C選項(xiàng)facilitating“促進(jìn)；使便利”；D選項(xiàng)finalizing“最終確定（計(jì)劃、協(xié)議等）”。句意：在開始寫作之前，我做了八年的律師，______如果有一位杰出的父親為我開路，生活會是怎樣的。根據(jù)howlifewouldbe可知這里使用了虛擬語氣，所以fantasizing“想象，幻想”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

It（

）howunleashingdomesticdemandinsurpluscountriescansupportstrongglobalgrowthasdeficitcountriesincreasesavingsandrepairbalancesheetsdamagedbythecrisis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setson

B.setsin

C.setsover

D.setsout

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。set...on“使……襲擊”；setin“到來；開始”；setover“置于…上，指派…管理，移交”；setout“出發(fā)，開始，陳述”。句意：它闡述了在赤字國家增加儲蓄、修復(fù)因危機(jī)而受損的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表之際，盈余國家釋放內(nèi)需如何支撐強(qiáng)勁的全球增長。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探問,問候；runfor競選；bringup提出；takeafter與…相像。句意：他在我們村里受歡迎的原因之一是,他幾乎每次從大城市回來都會問候所有人。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

9.單選題

Heisanhonestperson.Heis______todosuchadishonestthing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theleastman

B.notlikely

C.thelastman

D.thelatestman

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。在“thelastpersontodosth.”或“thelastpersonthat...”句式中，thelast=theleastlikely；last由原義“最后的”演繹為“最不大可能的，最不愿意……的”，因此它含有否定的意思，如：YouarethelastpersonIwanttosee.“你是我最不愿意看到的人”，That’sthelastthinghewants.“那是他最不愿意要的東西”，但并非所有的thelastpersontodosth.都表示“最不肯（或最不會，最不愿意）做某事的人”，有時表示“最后一個做某事的人”，如在搶險斗爭中最后一個撤離現(xiàn)場的人：Hewasthelastpersontoleavethesinkingship.到底表示“最不愿意做某事的人”還是表示“最后一個做某事的人”，這要根據(jù)上下文的意思來判定。notlikely雖符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)，但不符合上下文的邏輯意思。句意：他是一個誠實(shí)的人，他絕對不可能做這種不誠實(shí)的事。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Thepubliccanrest（

）

thatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthe

murderer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assured

B.approved

C.guaranteed

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restassuredthat“(強(qiáng)調(diào)所言確鑿無誤)盡管放心”。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

（

）,thefactorieshadnotclosed,andthosewhoneededworkmostweregivenachancetosurviveduringtheeconomicdisaster.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Blithely

B.Mercifully

C.Glamorously

D.Importunately

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。blithely愉快地，無憂無慮地；mercifully幸運(yùn)地，寬厚地；glamorously富有魅力地；importunately“纏繞不休地”。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，工廠沒有倒閉，在經(jīng)濟(jì)災(zāi)難中那些最需要工作的人有機(jī)會生存。由句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)destructive“破壞的；毀滅性的”；B選項(xiàng)progressive“進(jìn)步的；先進(jìn)的”；C選項(xiàng)conservative“保守的”；D選項(xiàng)constructive“建設(shè)性的；推定的”。句意：通常來講，老年人比年輕人更……。綜合句意及選項(xiàng)判斷可知，此處應(yīng)表示老年人比年輕人“保守”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner,“ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI’llbuy.”Theownersays,“It’sbeenlikethatforyears.”Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheothercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays“No!”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb/'“You’relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“NoP'andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis‘‘Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeennicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartnersif______.

2.“I’mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph1means_____.

3.Thehouse-owner’sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans______.

4.Someresponsesandbehaviorsmayappearveryillogical,butarejustifiableif______.

5.Theword“ritualistically”inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother’sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.I’mjustcallingyourattention

B.Pmjustkidding

C.Pmjustsayingtheopposite

D.I’mjustgivingoffsomesound

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears

B.hedoesn’tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.linkedtoanabnormalamountofassertiveness

B.seenasone’shabitualpatternofbehavior

C.takenaspartofanorderingsequence

D.expressedtoaseriesofcharges

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.（言語的確為我們提供了一些信息，但其意思是從如此多的其它來源中獲取出來的，以至于過于依賴言語將阻礙我們與其他人交流的效果）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們能把自己的言語與意思聯(lián)系起來”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexcept“I’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.”（有時我們的言語并沒有什么意思，除了“我正在宣泄情緒。我實(shí)際上不想讓你仔細(xì)聽我說的話，而是注意我的感受”外）可知A選項(xiàng)“我只是提醒你注意”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章一段中的Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:“Idon’twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan’tyou?”（事實(shí)上，這個臺階已經(jīng)有好幾年不是這樣的了，但暗含的信息是：“我不想修復(fù)它。我們能忍受它。你為什么不能忍受它了？）可知B選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為沒必要修臺階”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“有些反應(yīng)和行為可能看起來非常不合邏輯，但如果……，是合理的”。根據(jù)第二段第五句Afriend’sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.（一個朋友的異常溫順的行為，也許只能通過注意到它是以需要異常自信的情境為前提才能被理解）和第六句Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.（有些反應(yīng)可能直接與反應(yīng)的發(fā)展模式有關(guān)，而且不符合邏輯）可推斷，如果要理解有些反應(yīng)和行為，那么就需要注意到之前發(fā)生的事件的情況，所以C項(xiàng)“作為有序的續(xù)發(fā)事件的一部分”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“與一定反常程度的自信有關(guān)”，表述不夠全面；B項(xiàng)“被視為一個人的習(xí)慣性行為模式”，文中沒有提到習(xí)慣性行為；D項(xiàng)“表達(dá)了一系列指控”在文中只是舉例說明，D項(xiàng)不選。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.詞義題?！皉itual（儀式，慣例）”為副詞ritualistically的名詞形式，故ritualistically表述“儀式地”，因此選C。

14.單選題

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouliketoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”anAmericansenatoraskedTimeWarnerexecutivesrecently.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfromthelateSteveRossintheearly1990s.Onthefinancialfront.Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatwhenwefaceanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx.NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheproclaimedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally”,saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.AnAmericansenatorcriticizedTimeWarnerfor（）.

2.Theword“flap”(paragraph3)heremeans（）.

3.In1992,TimeWarnercausedpublicoutragebecauseit（）.

4.Inthefaceofrecentattacksonthecompany,Levin（）.

5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

B.itsself-examinationofthesoul

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.controversy

B.fear

C.disaster

D.solution

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.sackedworkersasaresultofrestructuring

B.issuedarecordpromotingviolence

C.advocatedthecultureofthestreet

D.challengedthefreedomofexpressionindemocraticsociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

B.softenedhistoneandintroducedanewinitiative

C.yieldedtoobjectionsandresignedfromthecompany

D.requestedunconditionalsupportfromthe15-memberboard

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.profitsandsocialresponsibilitycanrarelygohandinhandinthecompany

B.fewpeopleareconcernedaboutcorporateresponsibility

C.thedebateoverTimeWarner’spolicywillsooninvolveothercompanies

D.theTimeWarnerBoard’sopinionofthecompany’spolicyisdivided

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.（這是一種自我反省，在不同時期，涉及到責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和企業(yè)底線等問題。）通過這句話我們可以推測出，華納對于自己社會責(zé)任的無視，因此C選項(xiàng)“對社會責(zé)任的忽視”正確。而A選項(xiàng)“它提高了公司的股票價格”，這是確有其事，但并不是議員批評它的原因；B選項(xiàng)“它的靈魂的自我反省”，他們有沒有反省并不確定；D選項(xiàng)“它強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由”，這個也不是參議員的觀點(diǎn)。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.（對他來說，說唱帶來的不安并沒有使生活變得更輕松。）并且后文講述了華納因?yàn)榘l(fā)行的一些說唱歌曲而遭到抨擊，因此說唱給他帶來的應(yīng)該是不好的事，因此A選項(xiàng)“爭論”正確。B選項(xiàng)“恐懼”，不符合原意；C選項(xiàng)“不幸，災(zāi)難”，語義過重；D選項(xiàng)“解決方案”，和原文不搭。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller.（1992年，時代華納因發(fā)行Ice-T的暴力說唱歌曲《警察殺手》而遭到抨擊。）可知TimeWarner“引起民怨”，主要是因?yàn)樗霭媪斯膭畋┝Φ某?。因此B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布了一個宣揚(yáng)暴力的唱片”正確。A選項(xiàng)“由于重組而被解雇的工人”；C選項(xiàng)“提倡街頭文化”以及D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)民主社會的言論自由”都不正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.（但有跡象表明，主席正在放棄他的強(qiáng)硬立場，至少在某種程度上是這樣。）因此B選項(xiàng)“他緩和了語氣，提出了一些新方案”正確。A選項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)定捍衛(wèi)言論自由的立場”；C選項(xiàng)“屈服于反對意見，從公司辭職”以及D選項(xiàng)“請求15名董事會成員無條件支持”都不是真實(shí)的。

5.判斷推理題。從最后一段Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotally（我們中的一些人已經(jīng)知道很多很多年了，第一修正案規(guī)定的自由并不是完全的），可知，憲法第一修正案中的言論自由不是沒有限制的，因此他們應(yīng)該同時考慮社會責(zé)任，對公司來說利益和社會責(zé)任通常不能兼顧。因此A選項(xiàng)“在公司里，利潤和社會責(zé)任很少能齊頭并進(jìn)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“很少有人關(guān)心企業(yè)的責(zé)任”，過于片面；C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于時代華納政策的辯論很快就會牽涉到其他公司”，沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“時代華納董事會對公司的政策意見不一”，不是真正的內(nèi)涵。

15.單選題

Financial

regulators

inBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism"Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism”.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“l(fā)ong-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britainruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe（

）.

2.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate（

）.

3.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe（

）.

4.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題目中明確出題段落(AccordingtoParagraph1)及相應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)(onemotiveinimposingthenewrule)，因此，答案來源句則為第一段的第三句(Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution這個規(guī)則主要目的是讓銀行家為不良風(fēng)險負(fù)責(zé)以及修復(fù)公眾對金融機(jī)構(gòu)的信任)，那么答案基本就很容易提取出來。選項(xiàng)中的“senseofresponsibility”則對應(yīng)到句中的“enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加銀行的責(zé)任），其他的選項(xiàng)則與最佳選項(xiàng)無緣，在定位區(qū)間中沒有相應(yīng)的信息。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的定位信息在“AlfredMarshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句，定位信息里的“thisimpatience”則是回指第二段首句的"short-termism"，故信息點(diǎn)則為"short-termism"，所以最佳選項(xiàng)則為"short-termism"ineconomicactivities，而其他選項(xiàng)在定位信息中未提及。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。此題的定位信息為題干的“transientinvestment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty”，從四個選項(xiàng)的褒貶正負(fù)來看indirect、minimal和temporary為中性的表述，只有B選項(xiàng)的adverse為明確的負(fù)面表達(dá)，意思為“不利的”，與原文中的“hinder”對應(yīng)上。

4.例證題。根據(jù)題干的具體信息定位，美國和法國的例子是用來支撐什么論點(diǎn)。原文的第五、六段則提供了具體的信息，第五段中美國延遲發(fā)放才上任一年左右的高管績效津貼，繼而促進(jìn)緩解“短期主義”盛行的現(xiàn)狀；第六段則提及在法國持股兩年以上者擁有更大的選票權(quán)。所以，最佳選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為“促進(jìn)長期主義的方法”。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標(biāo)題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項(xiàng)里的patience可以對應(yīng)到全文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題詞"short-termism"和"long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出現(xiàn)多次，所以B選項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題，體現(xiàn)主旨大意；其余選項(xiàng)均不能概括全文，故排除。

16.單選題

Eversinceitsdiscovery,Plutohasneverreallyfittedin.AfterthepaleandglowinggiantNeptune,itislittlemorethanacosmicdustmite,sweptthroughthefarthestreachesofthesolarsystemonaplanetwildlytiltedrelativetotherestoftheplanets.ItissmallerthanNeptune’slargestmoon,andthearcofitsorbitissoovalthatitoccasionallycrossesitsmassiveblueneighbor’spath.

Foryears,ithasbeenseenasoursolarsystem’soddestplanet.Yesterday，however,scientistsreleasedperhapsthemostconvincingevidenceyetthatPluto,infact,isnotaplanetatall.Forthefirsttime,astronomershavepeeredintoabeltofrocksbeyondPlutounknownuntil10yearsago—andfoundaworldthatrivalsPlutoinsize.Thescientistspositthatlargerrocksmustbeoutthere，perhapsevenlargerthanPluto,meaningPlutoismorelikelythekingofthisdistantrealmofspacedetritusthanthetiniestofthenineplanets.

Whendiscoveredin1930，“Plutoatthatpointwastheonlything(thatfar)outthere,sotherewasnothingelsetocallitbutaplanet,”saysMikeBrown,anastronomerattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.“Nowitjustdoesn’tfit.”Inonesense,thequestionofPluto’splanetarystatusisarcane,theprovinceofpocket-protectedscientistsandsun-deprivedpenpushersdeterminedtodecidesomeofficialdesignationforaballofdustandice3billionmilesaway.

Yetitisalsounquestionablysomethingmore.Fromsciencefairdioramastogovernmentfunding,planetsholdaspecialplaceinthepublicimagination,andhowPlutoiseventuallyseen—bykidsandCongressalike—couldshapewhatfuturegenerationslearnaboutthismysteriousoutpostontheedgeofthesolarsystem.Thedebatehassplittheastronomicalcommunityfordecades.EvenbeforethedistantbandofrocksknownastheKuiperBeltwasfound,Pluto’sunusualbehaviormadeitsuspicious.

Elsewhere,thesolarsystemfitintonearfamilies:therockyinnerplanets，theasteroidbelt,thehugeandgaseousouterplanets.Pluto,though,waspeculiar.WiththediscoveryoftheKuiperBelt—countlessbitsofrockandiceleftunusedwhenthewheelofthesolarsystemfirstformed—Plutosuddenlyseemedtohavecousins.Yetuntilyesterday,itheldtoitsplanetarydistinctionbecauseitwasfarlargerthananythinglocatedthere.

TherubnowisQuaoar(pronouncedKWAH-oar),1billionmilesbeyondPlutoandroughlyhalfaslarge.NamedafterthecreationforceofthetribethatoriginallyinhabitedtheLosAngelesbasin,Quaoarforecastsproblemsfortheerstwhileninthplanet,saysdiscovererDr.Brown:“ThecaseisgoingtogetalothardertodefendthedaysomebodyfindssomethinglargerthanPluto,”

Tosome,theproblemisnotwithPluto,butthedefinitionof“planet.”Inshort，thereisnone.TotheGreeks,whocoinedtheterm,itmeant“wanderer,”describingthewaythattheplanetsmovedacrossthenightskydifferentlyfromthestarsbehindthem.Today,withourmorenuancedunderstandingoftheuniverse,thewordnolongerhasmuchscientificmeaning.

NewYork’sHaydenPlanetariumcausedacommotiontwoyearsagobysupposedlydemotingPluto,lumpingitwiththeKuiperBeltobjectsinitshugemobileofthesolarsystem.Inr