考研考博-英語-宿遷職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宿遷職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inanycommercialtransactionaconsumermusthaveconfidencethatthebusinesswhoseproducttheyareabouttopurchaseisreliableandthattheproductbeingofferedisworththepricethatispaid.Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.Thebestcompaniesalwaysunderstandthisexpectationandcontinuallystrivetoexceedit.Othercompanies-includingmanyneweronlinemerchantsmayhavegoodintentions,butlacktheskillsorexperiencetoturntheconsumer’sexpectationintoareality.Afewcompanieswillintentionallyseektoexploitthisconsumer'sexpectation.

Howtoseparatethesecompaniesinavirtualworldisnotalwayseasy,andhasbeenthesubjectofintensivediscussionbyconsumergroups,businessesandgovernments.Moreover,policingthecompaniesinthevirtualmarketplaceisperceivedtoadauntingchallenge.Thesediscussionshavegenerallyfocusedonthreekeyideas.

CodesofConductforOn-lineBusiness:Individualcorporations,businessassociationsand/orgovernmentsaroundtheworldhaveworkedtodevelopCodesofConduct,Guidelines.Principles,orBestPractice,etc.foron-linebusinesses.TheydescribetheactionsthataCompanyshouldtaketoprotectaconsumer’srights.Theymaybeincludedonthecompany’swebsiteandaconsumercanreviewthembeforemakingapurchase.

Trademark:Toincreaseconsumer'sconfidencethatacompanywillactinaccordancewithacodeofconductorbestpractices,athirdparty"Tmstmark"isoftenused.Theconceptisthatbydisplaying"Trustmark'.Thecompanyrepresentsthatitissubjecttoexternaloversight.Thecompanywouldnotbeallowedtodisplaythethirdpartymarkifthecompany’sactionwereinconsistentwithwhatiscontainedinthe"CodeofConduct"orsimilardocument.Trustmark’saremostusefulwhentheyhavestrongbrandrecognitionandcredibilityamongcustomers.

DisputeResolution:Consumer'sconfidencereliesonthebeliefthatanydisputewillbesettledquicklyandfairlyeitherbythecompanydirectlyorthroughsomeothermeans.Inthebricksandmortarworldaconsumerusuallyhastheabilitytoinspectproductbeforepurchasingitandifitisdefective-returnitforarefund,repairorreplacement.Mostofcompaniesseethisformofdisputeresolutionastheirownbestinterestandanextensionoftheircustomerrelationprograms.Whilethesameholdstrueintheworldofon-linetransactions,thecriticaldifferenceisthataconsumercan'tinspecttheproductbeforepurchasing,andinsteadhastorelyonthemerchant'sphotosordescriptionsoftheproduct.Inboththetraditionalandon-lineworld,whendisputecannotberesolveddirectlybetweentheconsumerandthecompany,themerchantandtheconsumermustresorttoothermeans.Theseoftenincludeappealstoconsumerprotectionagencies,recoursetothecourts,oruseofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.

1.Thetopicofthearticleis（

）.

2.Whenthereexistdifferencesinculture,legalframeworkandgeographybetweenconsumersandbusinesses,whatappear(s)moreimportant?

3.Whatarethethreefocusesdiscussedandconsideredimportantinmarketplace?

4.InwhichcaseisTrustmarkmostinfluential?

5.Whatareotherwaystoresolvedisputesbesidesrefund,repairandreplacement?

問題1選項

A.meetingconsumer'sexpectationinthemarketplace

B.resolvingdispute

C.displayingTrustmark’s

D.settingcodesofconduct

問題2選項

A.Thebusiness'sreliability.

B.Thecompanies'understandingofconsumer'sexpectation.

C.Theproductsbeingworththepricebeingpaid

D.Gainingandmaintainingthatconfidence.

問題3選項

A.Confidence,goodintentionsandbestpractices.

B.Trustmark,rightusageandnewconcepts.

C.Codesofconduct,Trustmarkanddisputeresolution.

D.Cooperation,goodintensionsanddisputeresolution.

問題4選項

A.Whencompaniesarewellrecognizedandwellbelievedin.

B.Whencompanieshaveapowerfultrademark.

C.Whenacompany'sactionsareinconsistentwithitsCodesofConduct.

D.Whenmutualcredibilityexists.

問題5選項

A.Toresolvethedisputesbetweentheconsumerandthecompany.

B.Appealingtoconsumerprotectionagencies;resourcingtothecourts;orusingofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.

C.Toresorttoothermeans.

D.Togotothemarketplace.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段中提出了consumer'sexpectation（消費者的需求），B、C、D選項是圍繞如何滿足市場消費者的需求展開論述的點，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Theimportanceingainingandmaintainingisespeciallytruewhentheconsumerandbusinessdonotsharecommonalitiesofgeography,cultureand/orlegalframework.（當(dāng)消費者和企業(yè)不共享地理、文化和/或法律框架的共同點時，獲得和維持信心的重要性尤其正確）可知選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息“thethreefocuses”可定位至文章第二段中的最后一句話Thesediscussionshavegenerallyfocusedonthreekeyideas（這些討論一般集中在三個關(guān)鍵的想法上），由之后每一段的句首CodesofConductforOn-lineBusiness（網(wǎng)上業(yè)務(wù)行為守則）；Trademark（商標(biāo)）；DisputeResolution（糾紛解決）可知選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Trustmark’saremostusefulwhentheyhavestrongbrandrecognitionandcredibilityamongcustomers.（當(dāng)Trustmark在客戶中具有很強的品牌知名度和可信度時，它是最有用的）可知A選項“當(dāng)公司得到廣泛的認(rèn)可和信任的時候”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Theseoftenincludeappealstoconsumerprotectionagencies,recoursetothecourts,oruseofalternativedisputeresolutionsystems.（這些措施通常包括向消費者保護(hù)機構(gòu)提出上訴、訴諸法院或使用其他爭端解決系統(tǒng)）可知選B。

2.單選題

GregoryCurrie,aprofessorofphilosophyeattheUniversityofNottingham,recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy”orothergreatbooks.

Actually,thereissuchevidence.RaymondMar,apsychologistatYorkUniversityinCanada,andKeithOatley,aprofessorofcognitivepsychologyattheUniversityofToronto,reportedinstudiespublishedin2006and2009thatindividualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鳴)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.Thislinkpersistedevenaftertheresearchersfactoredinthepossibilitythatmoreempatheticindividualsmightchoosetoreadmorenovels.

Recentresearchincognitivescience,psychologyandneurosciencehasdemonstratedthatdeepreadingofbooksisadistinctiveexperience,verydifferentfromtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWeb.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyconducivetothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.

Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity,bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandevenincreasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.

Thisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeoplearecomingtoknowit.Theirreading,mostlydoneonscreen,ispragmaticandinstrumental.Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.Insteadmoldingoureducationaroundyoungpeople’sattachmenttodigitaldevicesandonscreenhabits,weneedtoshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeento,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethemto.

1.Prof,GregoryCurriearguesthat（）.

2.ThestudiesofRaymondMarandKeithOatleyshowthat（）.

3.Deepreadingofpaperbookscomparedwithreadingontheweb（）.

4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor（）.

問題1選項

A.literaturedoesn'tshowpeople’smoralorsocialstandards

B.onlygoodliteratureshowspeople’smoralandsocialvalues

C.readingfictionwon'timprovepeoplemorallyorsocially

D.onlyreadinggreatbooksbenefitspeoplemorallyandsocially

問題2選項

A.empatheticpeoplearemorelikelytoreadnovelsoften

B.empatheticpeoplehaveabetterperspectiveontheworld

C.readingfictionencouragespeopletobemorepersistent

D.readingfictionhelpspeopleunderstandothersbetter

問題3選項

A.requiresreaderstodomorecarefulthinking

B.enablesreaderstostayabsorbedinthestory

C.givesreadersmanylinkstoothermaterials

D.allowsreaderstochoosetheirfuturereading

問題4選項

A.supportsuseofdigitaldevicesinclassroom

B.prefersreadingonscreentoreadingpaperbooks

C.takesapositiveapproachtoeducationreforms

D.holdsanegativeattitudetowardreadingonscreen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章首段，“recentlyarguedinTheNewYorkTimesthatweoughtnottoclaimthatliteratureimprovesusaspeople,becausethereisno“compellingevidencethatsuggeststhatpeoplearemorallyorsociallybetterforreadingTolstoy"orothergreatbooks.”最近在《紐約時報》上提出，我們不應(yīng)該聲稱文學(xué)提高了我們作為人的水平，因為沒有“令人信服的證據(jù)表明，閱讀托爾斯泰或其他偉大著作的人在道德上或社會上更優(yōu)秀”。A選項“文學(xué)不能體現(xiàn)出人們的道德和社會水平”，B選項“只有好的文學(xué)可以體現(xiàn)人們的道德和社會水平”，C選項“閱讀小說不會提高人們的道德或社會地位”，D選項“只有讀偉大的書籍，才能使人在道德和社會上受益”。因此，C選項符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段的第二句話“individualswhooftenreadfictionappeartobebetterabletounderstandotherpeople,empathize(起共鳴)withthemandviewtheworldfromtheirperspective.”人經(jīng)常讀小說似乎能更好地理解他人,與他們起共鳴,從他們的角度看待這個世界。A選項“具有同理心的人更有可能經(jīng)常閱讀小說”，B選項“有同理心的人對世界有更好的看法”，C選項“讀小說能使人更有毅力”,D選項“讀小說可以幫助人們更好地理解別人”。因此，D選項符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段，“Abook'slackofhyperlinksallowsthereadertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative,withouthavingtomakesuchdecisionsaswhethertoclickonalinkornot.”一本書沒有超鏈接，讀者可以完全沉浸在敘述中，而不必決定是否點擊鏈接。A選項“要求讀者做更細(xì)致的思考”，B選項“使讀者在故事中保持專注”，C選項“給讀者提供許多其他材料的鏈接”，D選項“允許讀者選擇未來的讀物”。因此，B選項符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段,“Ifweallowourchildrentobelievereadingonscreenisallthereis,wewillhavedeprivedthemofanenjoyableandenlighteningexperiencethatwillenlargethemaspeople.”如果我們允許我們的孩子相信在屏幕上閱讀就是一切，我們就剝奪了他們一種愉快而有啟發(fā)性的體驗，而這種體驗可以擴(kuò)大他們的知識面。A選項“支持在課堂上使用數(shù)字設(shè)備”，B選項“比起紙質(zhì)書，作者更喜歡看屏幕”，C選項“對教育改革采取積極的態(tài)度”，D選項“對屏幕閱讀持消極態(tài)度的人”。因此，D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe（

）willcontinueintothenextdecade.

問題1選項

A.emergency

B.trend

C.pace

D.schedule

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。emergency緊急情況，突發(fā)事件；trend趨勢，走向；pace步伐，速度；schedule時間表，日程安排。

句意：全世界的犯罪活動一直在增加，我們有充分的理由相信這一趨勢將持續(xù)到下一個十年。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Marriageinhasteusuallyleadsto（）atleisure.

問題1選項

A.resentment

B.reluctance

C.repentance

D.fantasy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項resentment“憤恨，怨恨”；B選項reluctance“勉強”；C選項repentance“悔改，后悔”；D選項fantasy“幻想”。句意：草率結(jié)婚通常容易導(dǎo)致將來后悔。根據(jù)句意，此處選擇C選項repentance“悔改，后悔”。因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof（

）tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.

問題1選項

A.exposure

B.exploit

C.explosion

D.exponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。exposure“暴露”；exploit“功績”；explosion“爆炸”；exponent“倡導(dǎo)者，鼓吹者”。句意：人們傾向于忽視接觸化學(xué)物質(zhì)的遲延效應(yīng)，因為這些危害不會立刻表現(xiàn)出來。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

A（）statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

問題1選項

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語的”；B選項reasonable“合理的，公道的”；C選項credible“可靠的，可信的”；D選項laudable“可贊譽的，值得稱贊的”。句意：一個看似可信的陳述很可能是表面上看起來令人信服的，但在仔細(xì)檢查后，卻并非如此。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Hearguedthatthe（）offirearmsinAmericaisanillegalact,anddegradesthevaluesthiscountrywasfoundedon.

問題1選項

A.banning

B.prohibit

C.vote

D.forbid

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)填入禁止的名詞形式。只有選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortablealternativegiventhedeplorablestateofthenation’shighwaysandthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroadsurfaces.

問題1選項

A.restrained

B.supported

C.favored

D.damaged

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干hampered“妨礙，阻止”。A項“阻止；約束”，B項“支持”，C項“喜愛，偏愛”，D項“損害；傷害”。因此選A。句意：考慮到國家公路狀況糟糕，騎馬教練既不是競爭者，也不是舒適的替代者，盡管自行車在城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村都廣受歡迎，但它們也受到不良路面的阻礙。

9.翻譯題

許多人覺得跟計算機打交道比跟人打交道更自在。計算機更有耐心，不會對操作的人評頭論足。許多學(xué)生向教師請教的時候，總會感到緊張，他們樂于向計算機提問。有些病人更愿意向計算機而不是向醫(yī)生說明自己的病情，甚至出現(xiàn)了能夠解決心理問題的計算機程序，因為許多人覺得與別人討論自己的心理問題不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

10.單選題

Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen（

）.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項cancel“取消”；B選項abolish“廢除，廢止”；C選項refuse“拒絕”；D選項reject“拒絕，排斥”。句意：人類開發(fā)月球的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被廢除。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

TheBritishconstitutionis______alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.

問題1選項

A.by

B.at

C.which

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英國憲法在很大程度上是上述歷史事件的產(chǎn)物。D選項toalargeextent“在很大程度上”，A選項byalargeextent和B選項atalargeextent非固定搭配，C選項which引導(dǎo)從句。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

問題1選項

A.atransferring

B.atouching

C.acontaminating

D.acontagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項atransferring“轉(zhuǎn)移”；B選項atouching“感人的”；C選項acontaminating“污染”；D選項acontagious“傳染的”。句意：我的小妹妹不被允許和隔壁的孩子們一起玩，因為他們中的一個患了傳染病。劃線部分aninfectious是傳染的意思。因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent（）oftheworld.

問題1選項

A.impressions

B.complications

C.foundations

D.conceptions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impressions“印象，觀感”；B選項complications“并發(fā)癥”；C選項foundations“基礎(chǔ)，房建”；D選項conceptions“懷孕，概念，設(shè)想”。句意：來自不同文化的人對世界有不同的（）。這句話表達(dá)的意思是“不同的人對世界有不同的看法”，因此A選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereports,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountriesarebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidtheclimatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmhecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed.”

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAdreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項

A.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

B.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項

A.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

B.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists

C.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

D.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

問題3選項

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itdeservesourclosetsattention.

C.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated

問題4選項

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項

A.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced

B.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards

C.Howemissionsofheattrappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalsale.

D.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum…”，可知全球人道主義論壇的一份報告顯示，全球變暖每年導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡，造成大約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失?？膳袛喑鋈蛉说乐髁x論壇發(fā)現(xiàn)全球變暖導(dǎo)致疾病死亡率上升。因此選項A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一二段主要提到了人道主義論壇報告的具體內(nèi)容，第三段提到了相關(guān)態(tài)度和評價。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.”，可知這份報告招致了一些氣候和風(fēng)險專家的批評，他們對報告的方法和結(jié)論提出了質(zhì)疑。可判斷出這份報告受到了一些氣候和風(fēng)險專家的質(zhì)疑。因此選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“RogerPielkeJr….saidtheForum’sreportwas‘a(chǎn)methodologicalembarrassment…’”，可知皮爾克=表示，該論壇的報告存在“方法論的尷尬”。可判斷出Dr.Pielke在方法論上是無效的。因此選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.”，可知SorenAdreasen認(rèn)為這份報告的數(shù)據(jù)只是粗略估計，是針對世界各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們將在于12月在哥本哈根舉行會議，就一項新的國際氣候條約進(jìn)行談判?？膳袛喑鯝dreasen認(rèn)為報告的粗略估計是為了引起世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的注意。因此選項D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.”，可知Annan強調(diào)，談判需要把重點放在增加從富有地區(qū)流向貧困地區(qū)的資金問題上，以幫助他們降低面對氣候災(zāi)害的脆弱性，同時減少溫室氣體的排放?？膳袛喑鯧ofiAnnan認(rèn)為哥本哈根會議的重點應(yīng)該放在富國如何才能更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候災(zāi)害的問題上。因此選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.

問題1選項

A.inadequate

B.incapable

C.incompatible

D.invalid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inadequate“不足夠的，不充分的”；B選項incapable“無能力的，不能的”；C選項incompatible“不相容的”；D選項invalid“無效的”。根據(jù)四個選項及題干的意思可知A選項符合語義。句意：一天五美元的預(yù)算完全不足以作一次歐洲之旅。

16.單選題

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmsfinally（）.

問題1選項

A.dispersed

B.deteriorated

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：干了四年同樣的工作后,他的熱情終于消耗殆盡了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated惡化,變質(zhì)；dissipated消散,浪費；drained流干,耗盡。dissipate相當(dāng)于waste，drain相當(dāng)于usetoomuch，所以選項D更恰當(dāng)。

17.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

問題1選項

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning寬恕,赦免;instructing指導(dǎo),教;acknowledging承認(rèn),答謝。句意：一些人類學(xué)家聲稱,一些猿類已經(jīng)學(xué)會了基本的手語,但持懷疑態(tài)度的人認(rèn)為,猿類只是在模仿它們的馴獸師。選項A符合句意。

18.單選題

Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga（1）

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa（2）

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand（3）

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared（4）

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,（5）

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons（6）

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof（7）

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The（8）

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery（9）

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological（10）

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

問題1選項

A.light-hearted

B.serious

C.comfortable

D.stressful

問題2選項

A.significant

B.rigorous

C.severe

D.selective

問題3選項

A.previously

B.afterwards

C.besides

D.lately

問題4選項

A.on

B.in

C.by

D.at

問題5選項

A.while

B.however

C.meanwhile

D.nevertheless

問題6選項

A.giveup

B.oweto

C.lookon

D.turnto

問題7選項

A.whichever

B.whatever

C.however

D.whoever

問題8選項

A.ceremony

B.function

C.ritual

D.observance

問題9選項

A.beginning

B.moment

C.end

D.core

問題10選項

A.aspects

B.faces

C.sites

D.ways

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。A選項light-hearted“輕松的”；B選項serious“嚴(yán)肅的”；C選項comfortable“愜意的”；D選項stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”。句意：倫敦城市大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家馬爾科姆?克羅斯博士測試了一組人在________情況下的焦慮水平，發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語境，需要鎮(zhèn)靜的情況只有當(dāng)人處于緊張的狀態(tài)，所以stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項significant“有效的”；B選項rigorous“嚴(yán)密的”；C選項severe“嚴(yán)峻的；劇烈的”；D選項selective“有選擇性的”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有________的鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比較合理，符合題意。因此A選項正確。

3.考查詞義辨析。A選項previously“預(yù)先”；B選項afterwards“然后”；C選項besides“以及”；D選項lately“近來”。句意：他的團(tuán)隊給42名志愿者進(jìn)行了心算測試，________給其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根據(jù)語境和橫線前面的and得知是先做測試再給水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項soaron非固定搭配；B選項soarin非固定搭配；C選項soarby“激增了……”；D選項“激增到……”。句意：與任務(wù)前相比，喝水對比組的焦慮水平飆升________25%。根據(jù)下文theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety（喝茶對比組的焦慮感實際上減少了4%），可知這里在對喝水對比組和喝茶對比組的結(jié)果進(jìn)行說明，可推測結(jié)果在內(nèi)容方面一致，所以soarby“激增了……”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

5.考查語法。句意：________喝茶對比組的焦慮感實際上減少了4%。4個選項意思都為然而。A選項while引導(dǎo)從句；B選項however，C選項meanwhile和D選項nevertheless后面緊跟逗號，橫線后面為完整的從句，所以A選項while符合題意。因此A選項正確。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項giveup“放棄”；B選項oweto“由于”；C選項lookon“看待”；D選項turnto“求助于”。句意：這項調(diào)查顯示，68%的英國人在遇到兩難困境時會________喝茶，這使得喝茶成為英國人面對麻煩時最普遍的應(yīng)對方式。根據(jù)語境，這里指人們選擇通過喝茶幫助自己脫離那個焦慮的困境，所以turnto“求助于”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

7.考查代詞辨析。A選項whichever“無論哪個”；B選項whatever“無論什么”；C選項however“無論如何”；D選項whoever“無論是誰”。句意：這項調(diào)查顯示，68%的英國人在遇到兩難困境時會求助于喝茶，這使得喝茶成為英國人面對________種類的麻煩時最普遍的應(yīng)對方式。根據(jù)語境，這里指無論遇到什么麻煩，人們選擇喝茶，所以whatever“無論什么”比較符合題意。因此B選項正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典禮；（正式或傳統(tǒng)的）禮節(jié)”；B選項function“盛大的集會”；C選項ritual“習(xí)慣；（尤指）宗教儀式”；D選項observance“宗教（或傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日）的儀式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的________——尤其是在壓力大的時候。根據(jù)語境，在壓力大的時候喝茶是一種習(xí)慣，所以ritual“習(xí)慣”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

9.考查形容詞辨析。A選項beginning“開始”；B選項moment“時刻”；C選項end“結(jié)束”；D選項core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的習(xí)慣——尤其是在壓力大的時候——是英國文化的________。根據(jù)語境，這里指喝茶是英國文化中不容忽視的一部分，所以core“核心”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

10.考查形容詞辨析。A選項aspects“方面”；B選項faces“表面；面部”；C選項sites“地點”；D選項ways“方法”。句意：這項研究表明，茶在社會心理________增強了其化學(xué)成分對我們身體和大腦的影響。根據(jù)語境，這里是指從社會心理的角度來說，茶對我們的影響更大了，所以aspects“方面”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

19.單選題

______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.

問題1選項

A./,/,the

B./,the,/

C.The,/,/

D.The,the,the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠詞的用法。Problems前面有human作定語，可不用定冠詞。固定短語inlife中不需要加入定冠詞。因此A選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Wemustallowplentyoftimetogettotheairport——wecan’t（）ontheroadbeingclear.

問題1選項

A.draw

B.capitalize

C.gamble

D.decide

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。draw“畫，拉”；capitalize“估計…的價值”；gamble“打賭，冒險”，gambleon對…打賭；decide“決定”。句意：我們必須保證足夠的時間到達(dá)機場——我們不能打賭路上暢通無阻。C項正確。

21.單選題

Shecutherhairshortandtriedto____herselfasaman.

問題1選項

A.decorate

B.disguise

C.fabricate

D.fake

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.decorate裝飾；裝潢B.disguise假扮；裝扮；偽裝

C.fabricate編造；捏造D.fake偽造；冒充

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：她把頭發(fā)剪短，試圖……成男人。根據(jù)句意，她把頭發(fā)剪短目的是偽裝成男人的樣子。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項decorate“裝飾；裝潢”，不符合語境；

C選項fabricate“編造；捏造”，指捏造虛假信息以欺騙他人，題目中指的是改變造型而不是捏造虛假信息；

D選項fake“偽造；冒充”，指使假的看起來是真的，尤指為了欺騙某人，題目說的是女人把頭發(fā)剪短假扮男人，并不是使假的看起來是真的，且這里不存在欺騙的意思，因此該選項不符合語境。

【句意】她把頭發(fā)剪短，試圖化裝成男人。

22.單選題

Thecommunityhealthnurseoftennotesthedevastatingeffectsonfamilymembersasthepatient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.

問題1選項

A.developsgradually

B.deterioratessuddenly

C.recoversultimately

D.recursfrequently

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.developsgradually逐漸發(fā)展B.deterioratesuddenly突然惡化

C.recoversultimately最終恢復(fù)D.recursfrequently頻繁發(fā)作

【答案】A

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：社區(qū)衛(wèi)生護(hù)士經(jīng)常注意到，家庭成員會受到毀滅性的影響，當(dāng)病人的慢性疾病……應(yīng)該是慢性疾病的慢慢發(fā)展會給家庭帶來毀滅性影響。劃線詞組takesitscourse“順其自然”，也就是病程。因此選Adevelopsgradually“逐漸發(fā)展”與劃線詞詞義相似。

【干擾項排除】

B選項deterioratesuddenly突然惡化，不符合劃線詞詞義；

C選項recoversultimately最終恢復(fù)，不符合劃線詞詞義；

D選項recursfrequently頻繁發(fā)作，不符合劃線詞詞義。

【句意】社區(qū)保健護(hù)士經(jīng)常注意到病人的慢性疾病的病程對家庭成員的破壞性影響。

23.單選題

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis，theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”

Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewill